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  • Bone
  • Springer  (8)
  • 1985-1989  (8)
  • 1945-1949
Collection
Keywords
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  • Springer  (8)
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Osteoblastic and osteoclastic differentiation of mononuclear cells facing the resorbing surface of uncalcified cartilage in the tibia of embryonic chick (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 240 (1985), S. 425-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Osteoblasts ; Osteoclasts ; Differentiation ; Bone ; Cartilage ; Chicken
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The resorbing region of uncalcified cartilage in the tibia of embryonic chick was studied using 3H-proline autoradiography, histochemistry, and horseradish-peroxidase tracers. At the cartilage-bone marrow interface, two kinds of cells (A and B) were identified. Type-A cells were elongated, contacted the matrix of the uncalcified cartilage directly, and possessed extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum, one or two juxtanuclear Golgi apparatus and cell membranes exhibiting prominent alkaline phosphatase activity. Type-B cells were round to oval, mononucleate (occasionally binucleate), and contained abundant mitochondria, vacuoles and vesicles, well-developed Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes. The lysosomes and the majority of vacuoles and Golgi lamellae of these cells showed prominent acid phosphatase activity. Type-B cells accumulated more horseradish-peroxidase reaction product in their vacuoles and vesicles than type-A cells. Thick, banded collagen fibrils were occasionally found in the matrix of the resorbing surface. 3H-proline autoradiography revealed small numbers of grains at the cartilage-bone marrow interface. These findings suggest that type-A cells have osteoblastic and type-B cells osteoclastic properties and are precursor cells of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, respectively. The appearance of a mineral phase in the resorbing cartilage is probably important for the differentiation of these cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222355
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of lectins on the interaction between macrophages and bone in vitro (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 241 (1985), S. 103-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Macrophages ; Bone ; Lectins ; Tissue culture ; Oligosaccharides ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Recent studies have demonstrated that the attachment of elicited rat macrophages to bone is mediated by specific saccharides located on the cell and/or bone surfaces. We have used a macrophage-bone culture system to study the effects of two lectins, concanavalin A (con A) and soybean agglutinin (SBA), on the morphology of macrophage attachment to a devitalized bone surface and subsequent functional activity. Macrophages were obtained from 3- to 4-week-old rats by peritoneal lavage and the adherent pool was used to prepare cell suspensions. Con A-treated, SBA-treated or control cell suspensions were aliquoted onto the endocranial surface of devitalized rat calvariae. The cells were allowed to attach for 1 h at 37° C, after which, the bone samples were removed from culture and prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The morphology of con A-treated macrophages attached to bone was markedly different from that of control or SBA-treated cells. Con A altered the attachment and subsequent spreading of macrophages on bone as visualized by SEM. Furthermore, the number of con A-treated cells that attached to bone and the average surface area of cell membrane apposed to the matrix was significantly different from that of control or SBA-treated cells. A 45Ca bone-release assay was performed to evaluate the functional significance of the morphological findings. Lectin-treated or control cell suspensions were allowed to attach to the endocranial surface of 45Ca pre-labeled calvariae for 1 h. Following attachment, the samples were cultured for 72 h. The con A-treated cultures demonstrated a significant decrease in the release of 45Ca after 48 and 72 h in comparison to control cultures, while the 45Ca released from SBA-treated cultures did not differ significantly from controls. These results suggest that certain sugar residues common to membrane-associated glycoconjugates and the organic component of the bone matrix regulate the attachment of macrophages to bone and their subsequent bone-resorbing activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214631
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theoretical model for investigating the magnetic and electric fields produced during pulsed magnetic field therapy for nonunion of the tibia (1985)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 23 (1985), S. 293-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Bone ; Electric fields ; Magnetic fields ; Pulsed magnetic field therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Pulsed magnetic field therapy for tibial nonunion has become an established orthopaedic procedure in many centres. The field is generated by passing pulses of current through coils positioned one each side of the limb but the magnitudes of the magnetic and induced electric fields produced are not usually known. The paper describes a method of calculating the fields that gives good agreement between theory and measurement. An improved model of a bone in a limb has been developed and this model predicts that the peak induced electric field close to the fracture site is between 0·03 and 0·6 Vm−1, depending on which of the many clinically tested coil systems is used. The effect of changing geometry and the contribution of the outer surface of the limb are examined, and the implications for future experimental work are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441581
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrical characteristics of the electrode/bone interface (1987)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 25 (1987), S. 448-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Bone ; Capacitance ; Electrode ; Frequency ; Interface ; Polarisation ; Resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02443367
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of various storage methods on the dielectric properties of compact bone (1988)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 26 (1988), S. 199-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Bone ; Bone impedance ; Capacitance ; Dielectric properties ; Electrical properties ; Resistance ; Storage medium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In the study the effects of vanous storage environments on the dielectric properties of bone were evaluated. Fresh cortical bone specimens from canine femora and tibiae were prepared and divided into three groups, with one group maintained at room temperature (24°C), a second group stored in a refrigerator at 3°C, and a third group stored in a freezer at ≈10° to −20°C. In each group, both the resistance and the capacitance decreased with time, the percentage change being largest for the samples stored in the freezer. This suggests that storage of bone specimens in a refrigerator or freezer with repeated thawing at room temperature does affect the dielectric properties of bone, the effect being dependent on the method of storage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02442264
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of mineral-organic bonding effectiveness in bone-theoretical considerations (1985)
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 13 (1985), S. 119-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Keywords: Bone ; Orthopaedics ; Composite theory ; Composites ; Osteoporosis ; Metabolic bone disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract It is postulated that the effectiveness of bonding between the mineral and organic phases could be an important influence on the behavior of bone with respect to its mechanical properties, metabolic activity, and aging effects associated with these factors. Changes in bonding effectiveness might also be related to the etiology of osteoporosis. If this hypothesis is correct, it would be of interest to determine the amount of debonding present in bone. An analysis that employs both macromechanical and micromechanical composite theory is performed to show how this quantity could be calculated. The approach taken is first to determine the elastic moduli of a characteristic volume from bulk elastic properties of bone and the mineral crystallite orientation distribution. Voigt and Reuss type averages are used to obtain upper and lower bounds. Modifications of the Halpin-Tsai equations that apply to chopped fiber composites are then used to calculate the amount of debonding between the phases in the characteristic volume. All of the parameters employed in the theory are measurable using established techniques. To apply the theory quantitatively the following information must be known: 1) the density and elastic moduli of the bone (and its phases), and 2) the mineral orientation distribution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00000002
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Advances in noninvasive bone measurement (1989)
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 17 (1989), S. 177-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Keywords: Bone ; Densitometry ; Osteoporosis ; Fracture ; Skeleton
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Several noninvasive measurement methods are used for evaluation of metabolic disease. Single-photon (125I) scans of the peripheral skeleton are useful in some diseases but are ineffective in osteoporosis (even on the distal radius or os calcis) because they cannot predict spinal or femoral density. Also, peripheral measurements show high percentages of false negatives, that is many patients with fractures have normal peripheral density. Dual-photon (153Gd) scans of the spine, femur, and total skeleton are precise and accurate (2% error) and provide direct measurements of bone strength at fracture sites. This gives the best discrimination of abnormality and the most sensitive monitoring. Quantitative computed computed tomography (QCT) allows measurement of the spine but not the critical proximal femur area. QCT has a large accuracy error because (a) the limited are measured (under 5 cm3) fails to represent the total vertebral body, (b) technical errors and (c) variable fat and osteoid influence the results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02368026
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrasound attenuation in biological tissues using a bone transducer (1987)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 25 (1987), S. 689-692 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Attenuation ; Biological materials ; Bone ; Transducers ; Ultrasound
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02447341
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