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  • Heterocycles
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (20)
  • American Institute of Physics
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • National Academy of Sciences
  • 1985-1989  (5)
  • 1975-1979  (5)
  • 1965-1969  (10)
Collection
Publisher
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (20)
  • American Institute of Physics
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • National Academy of Sciences
  • Springer  (3)
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 8 (1969), S. 478-482 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Sesquifulvalenes ; Fulvalene ; Heterocycles ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Heterosesquifulvalenes containing sulfur or oxygen as hetero atom may be prepared, e.g., by condensation of cyclopentadienes with thiopyrones or pyrones in acetic anhydride. Heterosesquifulvalenes containing nitrogen can be obtained from the oxygen compounds by O,N-exchange. The ground state of all these compounds is determined mainly by the nonpolar resonance formula.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 6 (1967), S. 919-928 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Heteroaromatic compounds ; Hydration ; Heterocycles ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Many aromatic N-heterocycles add water across the C=N double bond. Methods are described for recognizing this phenomenon and for diagnosis of the site of attack. These methods are extended to the determination of (a) the ionization constants of unstable states (whether hydrated or anhydrous), (b) the ratio of hydrated to anhydrous forms at equilibrium, and (c) the rate constants of hydration. The features that stabilize hydration in a molecule are discussed. The literature through 1965 and 1966 is reviewed with special reference to the emergence of new principles, such as di-hydration and the shifting of hydration within a molecule.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Ketones ; Sulfur ; Amines ; Heterocycles ; Synthetic methods ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A large number of preparatively interesting compounds have become readily available by the simultaneous action of sulfur and ammonia or amines on ketones. Direct syntheses of Δ3-thiazolines, Δ3-imidazoline-5-thiones, 5,6-dihydro-4H-1,4-thiazines, and the 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexathiocane system from ketones, sulfur, and ammonia or amines, and further possibilities for the synthesis of these heterocyclic systems have been proposed. Other heterocycles containing N or N and S (thiazoles, thiophenes, thiazolidines, tetrahydrothiazolo[2,3-c]-1,4-thiazines, thiomorpholines, 4-amino-2H-imidazoles, etc.) are readily obtainable by further reactions of these compounds. Hydrolysis of the Δ3-thiazolines yields α-mercapto ketones, which are the starting materials for other syntheses. Most of the syntheses described proceed at room temperature and at normal pressure.
    Additional Material: 10 Tab.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 4 (1965), S. 543-557 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Hetarynes ; Heterocycles ; Alkynes ; Arynes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Investigations carried out during the last six years have shown that, as in the case of benzene, an extra bond can be introduced into heteroaromatic rings. Since this possibility does not appear to be confined to exceptional cases, the heterocyclic arynes (hetarynes) promise a much wider variety than the carbocyclic arynes. Hetarynes occur mainly as intermediates in nucleophilic substitutions on halogenated heterocyclic compounds. Since the replacement of a CH group in dehydrobenzene by a nitrogen atom and the condensation of benzene rings have stabilizing effects, the stability of hetarynes is expected to increase with the number of N atoms and with the number of condensed aromatic rings.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 16 (1977), S. 835-851 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Cycloelimination ; Nitrogen cycloelimination ; Carbenes ; Heterocycles ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cyclic azo compounds including heteroaromatics with a N=N bond of strong double-bond character can eliminate molecular nitrogen on addition of sufficient thermal energy or on electronic excitation. Some substrates decompose spontaneously, others are moderately or even extremely resistant to N2-elimination. From a preparative point of view this type of reaction opens a variety of interesting possibilities, e.g. the synthesis of small carbocycles or heterocycles, strained bi- and polycycles, as well as cage compounds. From a theoretical mechanistic viewpoint, current importance attaches to the primary fragments such as carbenes, diradicals, trimethylene, trimethylenemethane, dipoles, ylides, antiaromatic 4π-systems, unstable cycloalkynes, and arynes.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Ketenimines ; Carbene ligands ; Isocyanides ; Carbocycles ; Heterocycles ; Synthetic methods ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ketenimine complexes are readily available in great variety by reaction of isocyanides with carbene complexes. They have proven to be useful building blocks in new synthetic approaches to carbocyclic and N-heterocyclic four-, five-, and six-membered rings. The reactions involve new metal-induced bond formation patterns of the ketenimine ligands, which can be influenced across a wide range by varying the following five parameters: the metal, the ligands, and the three substituents on the N=C=C unit.
    Additional Material: 8 Tab.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 27 (1988), S. 1484-1508 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Phosphaalkynes ; Synthetic methods ; Phosphorus-carbon compounds ; Multiple bonds ; Heterocycles ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Organophosphorus compounds have been applied in two ways in chemical synthesis. They can either be used as a reagent in a step of the synthesis (for example, in the Wittig reaction) or they can be incorporated directly into the target molecule. This second application, in particular, has expanded greatly in the last few years with the preparation of low-coordination phosphorus compounds. These include the phosphaalkynes, which are of great interest to organic and inorganic chemists. Phosphaalkynes have been employed in the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds, phosphaarenes and their valence isomers, and polycyclic compounds. Further applications have been the use of phosphaalkynes as new ligand systems in complex chemistry and their cyclooligomerization with organometallic reagents. While the chemical properties of phosphaalkynes have little in common with those of nitriles, they are in many ways very similar to those of the isoelectronic acetylenes.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Heterocycles ; Aromaticity ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The terms “aromatic” and “antiaromatic” have attracted widespread interest in recent years. After all the discussion about the meaning of words, one fact remains: the energy content of planar systems displaying cyclic electron delocalization depends upon the number of, and the orbital interactions between, the participating electrons. The concept underlying this progress report is that the electronic destabilization of systems having eight π-electrons should be especially pronounced in the case of six-membered rings for steric and electronic reasons. Such systems are found primarily in anionic, but also in neutral, heterocycles containing hetero ring members which possess electron pairs capable of delocalizing into the π-system. The production and reactivity of such systems are investigated and their biological significance discussed.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 18 (1979), S. 1-19 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Areno-analogy ; Heterocyclopolyaromatic compounds ; Heterocycles ; Heteroaromatic compounds ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Organometallic linkage of heteroaromatic compounds provided a means of synthesizing complicated combinations of heteroaromatic compounds; not only nucleophilic aromatic substitution, but also “Ar—Cu/Ar—Hal linkage”, “organometallic oxidative linkage”, and “metal amide linkage” have been employed. The heterocyclopolyaromatic compounds are made of one, two, or three kinds of heteroaromatic species as ring members. These syntheses illustrate the construction of heterocycles from large, performed structural units. Competition experiments showed that the reactivity typical of the individual species is enhanced in open-chain combinations (ArNu)n and (ArE)n (ArNu, ArE: nucleo- and electrophilic heteroaromatic systems, respectively); the opposite situation is mostly encountered in the case of ArNu—AE combinations. - Cycloocta[1,2-b:4,3-b′5,6-b″:8,7-b‴]tetrathiophene, the only heterocyclopolyaromatic system yet to have been studied in detail, proved surprisingly inclined to undergo monosubstitution reactions.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 4 (1965), S. 292-300 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Pyridazones ; Heterocycles ; Mucochloric acid ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new synthesis of mucochloric acid by chlorination of butynediol has facilitated the preparation of a series of 4,5-dichoropyridazones. The high reactivity of these compounds has been investigated and applied in several ways. New classes of compounds, some with biological activity, were obtained by displacement of the chlorine atoms. New heterocyclic systems were prepared by condensation and rearrangement reactions.
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  • 11
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Photochromism ; Electrocyclic reactions ; Cyclization ; Pentadienyl anions ; Heterocycles ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The molecular process whereby light induces color changes in certain substances, namely photochromism, is currently a topic of active research. Many reactions - mainly monomolecular - have been reexamined in greater detail from the standpoint of photochromism. Those found to be especially suitable for such studies include cis-trans isomerizations, pericyclic reactions, tautomerizations and dissociations. The most important in this group are undoubtedly the electrocyclization reactions. In this paper we present spiro[fluorene-9,1′-[1,8a]-dihydroindolizine] and its bis- and tris-aza analogues as examples of a promising new system with a wide range of variability. Not only the classical uses, but also those in new fields such as frequency doubling of laser radiation, holography or molecular microcircuit chips can now be considered.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 8 (1969), S. 962-974 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Heterocycles ; Aziridinium salts ; Azetidinium salts ; Cycloaddition ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis and important reactions of stable aziridinium salts are described in this article. The more stable azetidinium salts, which undergo similar reactions, have also been studied. Polar and dipolar cycloadditions produce heterocycles by ring expansions that can be represented as .
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  • 13
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Sulfonyl hydrazones ; Amides ; Azo sulfones ; Heterocycles ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Sulfonyl hydrazones of cyclic amides undergo oxidative coupling with phenols and reactive methylene components. The reaction proceeds via the azo sulfones, which may be used as such, and which, as ambident cations, enter into many reactions with nucleophiles and extend the scope of oxidative coupling. The reaction with phenols is a two-step process, in which the limiting cases k1 ≪ k2, k1 ≈ k2, and k1 ≫ k2 can be realized by slight variation of the reactants.
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  • 14
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: Heterocycles ; Benzazoles ; Amino Derivatives ; Cation formation ; 1H and 13C ; NMR ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 1H and 13C NMR spectral data of benzimidazole, benzoxazole, benzothiazole and N-methylbenzimida-zole and of their 2-N,N-dimethylamino derivatives are reported. The spectra were recorded in acetone-water solution. The chemical shifts of these molecules are compared with those of the corresponding cations obtained by N-protonation and N-methylation of the neutral molecules. The carbon atoms C-4, C-5, C-6 and C-4a show a qualitatively identical behaviour, moving to higher field when the cations are formed from the benzazoles examined, but a different behaviour is found for C-2, C-7 and C-7a, which depends on the heterocyclic ring, on the presence of the substituent in position 2 and on the type of cation formed (N-protonation and N-methylation cause different effects). The conversion of benzazoles into the corresponding cations causes all 1H chemical shifts to move to lower field.
    Additional Material: 8 Tab.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 14 (1975), S. 665-679 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Heterocycles ; Optical brighteners ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Optical brighteners are used in detergents, textiles, paper, plastics, and paints. Most optical brighteners contain heterocycles such as coumarins, 2-pyrazolines, naphthalimides, pyrazoles, triazoles, oxadiazoles, and triazines. In this article the syntheses, properties, and applications of new optical brighteners are described with references to patent literature.
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  • 16
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Phosphinidenes ; Phosphanediyl compounds ; Heterocycles ; Cyclophosphanes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Formation and detection of phosphinidenes (R—P̈:) in the decomposition of cyclophosphanes and in the reaction of dichlorophosphanes with metals are considered critically. Only in the thermolysis of pentaphenylcyclopentaphosphane can phenylphosphinidene be detected with certainty by pyrolysis-mass spectroscopy. “Trapping reactions” such as “insertion” into S—S or As—As bonds, and addition reactions with 1,2-diketones, 1,3-dienes, or alkynes can also be interpreted without the assumption of free phosphinidenes. The pyrolysis products of cyclophosphanes add to 1,3-dienes and alkynes, yielding five- and six-membered heterocycles that contain one to three phosphorus atoms.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 25 (1986), S. 1-20 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Cycloaddition ; Trimethylenemethane ; Synthetic methods ; Cyclopentanes ; Heterocycles ; Natural products ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The power of cycloadditions for ring formation derives from the potential for chemo-, regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivity. Trimethylenemethane (TMM) and its equivalents offer the possibility of extending such benefits to the synthesis of five-membered rings. Three types of conjunctive reagents appear to be promising candidates: (1) selected 4-alky-lidene-4,5-dihydro-3H-pyrazoles, (2) 2-[(trimethylsilyl)methyl]allyl esters and halides, and (3) alkylidenecyclopropanes. Thermal reactions, especially intramolecular ones, effect the cycloaddition of the pyrazoles to olefins-especially electron-poor olefins. The latter two precursors require a catalyst, notably a palladium complex, to unlock the synthetic potential. With the 2-[(trimethylsilyl)methyl]allyl esters, a general chemo-, regio-, and diastereoselective cycloaddition with typical Diels-Alder dienophiles forms methylenecyclopentanes in both inter- and intramolecular fashion. A tin analogue allows extension of this cycloaddition to aldehydes, and, in a related sequence, to ketones and imines to form 3-methylenete-trahydrofurans and 3-methylenepyrrolidines with excellent diastereoselectivity. The 2-[(tri-methylsilyl)methyl]allyl esters also serve to effect net methylenecyclopentane annulation to cyclic enols. Such adducts can further undergo three-carbon intercalation or combined ring contraction-spiroannulation simply by the use of either a nucleophilic or electrophilic trigger. Alkylidenecyclopropanes undergo cycloadditions to both electron-rich and electron-poor olefins when stimulated by metal catalysts, especially palladium. A complementary regiochemistry to the approach based upon silicon conjunctive reagents is observed. The availability of these cycloadditions provides new strategies for the synthesis of natural products.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 4 (1965), S. 1023-1038 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Heterocycles ; Phosphorus ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The preparation of heterocycles containing phosphorus is described. The chemical behavior of ring systems containing trivalent phosphorus is mainly determined by their phosphine character; heterocyclic behavior in the ordinary sense is shown by rings containing functional groups. Syntheses and reactions of cyclic compounds of pentavalent and hexavalent phosphorus are particularly interesting.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 5 (1966), S. 35-39 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Heterocycles ; Pyrimidines ; Quinazolines ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Some syntheses of heretofore unknown pyrimidines, tetrahydroquinazolines, and quinazolines are described. These methods are uniquely simple one- or two-step reactions, general and versatile in scope, and give high yields. Some interesting chemistry associated with these heterocyclic systems is discussed.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 5 (1966), S. 760-776 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Silicon-nitrogen heterocycles ; Heterocycles ; Cyclosilazanes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Great progress has recently been made in the chemistry of the silicon-nitrogen bondC. Eaborn: Organosilicon Compounds. Butterworths, London 1960, p. 339.R. Fessenden and J. S. Fessenden, Chem. Reviews 61, 361 (1961).K. A. Andrianov, I. Haiduc, and L. M. Khananashvili, Uspekhi Khim. 32, 563 (1963); Chem. Abstr. 59, 8782 (1963).U. Wannagat, Advances inorg. Chem. Radiochem. 6, 265 (1964).I. Haiduc: Westep do Chemii Nieorganicznych Zwiazkow Pierscieniowyrh. WPN, Warsaw 1964, Chap. 10 (in Polish).. Whereas attention was formerly concentrated on open-chain silazanes and silylamines, growing interest is now being shown in the cyclic SiN compounds. A major factor which has contributed to the rapid development in this field is the need for better polymers and liquids for use above 350 °CCf. E. G. Rochow, Chim. et Ind. 85, 897 (1961).. The present article deals with monomeric cyclic compounds containing at least one silicon-nitrogen bond in the ring, as well as the polycyclic compounds derived from these.
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