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  • Wheat  (219)
  • Springer  (219)
  • Elsevier
  • Institute of Physics
  • Wiley
  • 1985-1989  (111)
  • 1980-1984  (108)
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Keywords
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Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of nitrogen and phosphorus-enriched paddy straw compost and its effect on yield and nutrient uptake by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (1989)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 8 (1989), S. 339-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Wheat ; Paddy straw compost ; N and P enrichment ; Rock phosphate ; Pyrite ; Triticum aestivum ; Nutrient uptake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A nutrient-rich compost from paddy straw was prepared using urea and Mussoorie rock phosphate for N and P enrichment respectively. Inorganic N was partly conserved in the compost by the addition of pyrite. Citric-acid-soluble P also increased with the addition of pyrite. Compost containing about 1.6% total N and 3.3% total P was found to be a good source of P for a wheat crop and also supplied a significant amount of N to the plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263166
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of herbicides on three vesicular-arbuscular fungi associated with winter wheat (Riticum aestivum L.) (1989)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 7 (1989), S. 113-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza ; Herbicides ; Wheat ; Glomus spp. ; Spore germination ; Root infection ; Triticum aestivum L. ; Bifenox ; Mecoprop ; Difenzoquat methyl sulphate ; Chlortoluron
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary We studied the effects of field application rates of four herbicides (Avenge, Ceridor, Dicurane, and Harrier) on spore germination and infection of wheat roots by three species of Glomus grown under conditions of low P availability. Low concentrations of Ceridor (bifenox, mecoprop) and Harrier (mecoprop, ioxynil, clopyralid) inhibited spore germination while higher concentrations were stimulatory. Avenge (difenzoquat methyl sulphate) prevented spore germination completely, while Dicurane (chlortoluron) had no effect. The herbicide applications had no significant effect on the infection rates of any of the three fungi except Harrier on G. geosporum. The herbicide treatments did, however, affect plant growth and ear yields. Ceridor and Harrier increased ear yields, while Dicurane showed marked phytotoxic effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00292568
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crop growth and nitrogen transformations in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) planted after wetland rice (Oryza sativa L.) (1989)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 7 (1989), S. 263-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Dentrification ; Immobilization ; Tillage ; N leaching ; Wheat ; Wetland rice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A field study was undertaken to examine the effects of various management strategies on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) performance and N cycling in an intensively cropped soil. Microplots receiving 100 kg N ha−1 as15NH4 + 15NO3 − at sowing, tillering or stem elongation were compared with unfertilized microplots. Stubble from the previous rice crop was either incorporated, burnt without tillage, burnt then tilled or retained on the surface of untilled soil. Wheat grain yield ranged from 1.5 to 5.1 t ha− and was closely related to N uptake. Plant accumulation of soil N averaged 36 kg N ha−1 (LSD 5% = 10) on stubble-incorporation plots and 54 kg N ha−1 on stubble-retention plots. Fertilizer N accumulation averaged 18 kg N ha−1 (LSD 51% = 6) on stubble-incorporation plots and 50 kg N ha−1 on stubble-retention plots. Tillage had little effect on burnt plots. Delaying N application from sowing until stem elongation increased average fertilizer N uptake from 26 to 39 kg N ha−1 (LSD 5% = 6), but reduced soil N uptake from 50 to 37 kg N ha− (LSD 5% = 10). Immobilization and leaching did not vary greatly between treatments and approximately one-third of the fertilizer was immobilized. Less than 1% of the fertilizer was found below a depth of 300 mm. Incorporating 9 t ha−1 of rice stubble 13 days before wheat sowing reduced net apparent mineralization of native soil N from 37 to 3 kg ha−1 between tillering and maturity. It also increased apparent denitrification of fertilizer N from an average 34 to 53 kg N ha−1 (LSD 5% = 6). N loss occurred over several months, suggesting that denitrification was maintained by continued release of metabolizable carbohydrate from the decaying rice stubble. The results demonstrate that no-till systems increase crop yield and use of both fertilizer and soil N in intensive rice-based rotations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00709659
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Varietal and fertilizer effects on straw phytotoxins (1986)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 2 (1986), S. 109-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Straw ; Phytotoxins ; Acetic Acid ; Wheat ; Barley ; Cultivar ; Nitrogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Acetic acid production over 10 days from fresh barley straw was greater than that from fresh wheat straw, but there were only minor consistent differences between different cultivars. The effect depended on the soil type on which the straw had been produced and acid production was greatest with the largest amounts of N fertilizer which had been used. The fertilizer also affected the C:N ratio of the straw
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00257588
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of wheat (Triticum aestivum) roots on mineralization rates of soil organic matter (1988)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 7 (1988), S. 67-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Root activity ; Soil C mineralization ; 14C-labelled plant material ; Decomposition stages ; Wheat ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Two different soils were amended with 14C-labelled plant material and incubated under controlled laboratory conditions for 2 years. Half the samples were cropped with wheat (Triticum aestivum) 10 times in succession. At flowering, the wheat was harvested and the roots removed from the soil, and a new crop was started. Thus, the soil was continuously occupied by predominantly active root systems. The remaining samples were maintained without plants under the same conditions. The aim of the experiment was to study the effects of active roots on C-mineralization rates during different stages of decomposition and during long-term incubation. During the first 200 days, corresponding to the active decomposition stages, the roots weakly reduced 14C mineralization. With a lower level of decomposition, when more than 60% of the initial 14C was mineralized and when the available nutrients were markedly exhausted by plant uptake, the roots stimulated 14C mineralization.[/ p]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00260735
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Root activity and carbon metabolism in soils (1988)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 7 (1988), S. 71-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Root activity ; Rhizosphere ; C metabolism ; Microbial biomass ; Microbial activity ; Wheat ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Two different soils were amended with 14C-labelled plant material and incubated under controlled laboratory conditions for 2 years. Half the samples were cropped with wheat (Triticum aestivum) 10 times in succession. At flowering, the wheat was harvested and the old roots removed from the soil, so that the soil was continuously occupied by predominantly active root systems. The remaining samples were maintained without plants under the same conditions. During the initial stages of high microbial activity, due to decomposition of the labile compounds, the size of the total microbial biomass was comparable for both treatments, and the metabolic quotient (qCO2-C = mg CO2-C·mg−1 Biomass C·h−1) was increased by the plants. During the subsequent low-activity decomposition stages, after the labile compounds had been progressively mineralized, the biomass was multiplied by a factor of 2–4 in the presence of plants compared to the bare soils. Nevertheless, qCO2-C tended to reach similar low values with both treatments. The 14C-labelled biomass was reduced by the presence of roots and qCO2-14C was increased. The significance of these results obtained from a model experiment is discussed in terms of (1) the variation in the substrate originating from the roots and controlled by the plant physiology, (2) nutrient availability for plants and microorganisms, (3) soil biotic capacities and (4) increased microbial turnover rates induced by the roots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00260736
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inoculation of field-grown wheat (Triticum aestivum) with Azospirillum spp. in Brazil (1987)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 4 (1987), S. 37-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Azospirillum brasilense ; Azospirillum amazonense ; rate reductase ; Inoculation ; Wheat ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Three field experiments with wheat were conducted in 1983, 1984, and 1985 in Terra Roxa soil in Paraná, the major Brazilian wheat-growing region, to study inoculation effects of various strains of Azospirillum brasilense and A. amazonense. In all three experiments inoculation with A. brasilense Sp 245 isolated from surface-sterilized wheat roots in Paraná produced the highest plant dry weights and highest N% in plant tops and grain. Grain yield increases with this strain were up to 31 % but were not significant. The application of 60 or 100 kg N ha−1 to the controls increased N accumulation and produced yields less than inoculation with this strain. Another A. brasilense strain from surface-sterilized wheat roots (Sp 107st) also produced increased N assimilation at the lower N fertilizer level but reduced dry weights at the high N level, while strain Sp 7 + Cd reduced dry weights and N% in the straw at both N levels. The A. amazonense strain isolated from washed roots and a nitrate reductase negative mutant of strain Sp 245 were ineffective. Strains Sp 245 and Sp 107st showed the best establishment within roots while strain Cd established only in the soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00280348
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decomposition of wheat and barley straw treated with urea-sulfuric acid (1987)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 4 (1987), S. 199-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Wheat ; Barley ; Urea ; Sulfuric acid ; Straw decomposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Wheat straw treated with 0.5 or 1.0 ml/g urea-sulfuric acid (1:1 acid in water v/v) and incubated in Protneuf or Woodburn silt loam soils in the laboratory decomposed faster than nontreated straw the first 4–6 weeks but at 12 weeks the nontreated straw had decomposed 25%–45% more. In a field experiment, urea-sulfuric acid treated straw, removed at 40-day intervals over 160 days, decomposed faster than nontreated straw. The differences were attributed to salt buildup in the laboratory samples, where electrical conductivities up to 17.6 dS/m were observed. In the field, leaching removed the excess salts. Nitrification produced up to 1875 mg NO 3 − N/kg Portneuf silt loam soil in the laboratory, indicating that nitrifying bacteria were not suppressed by the salt. Total plate counts with no straw were 1.8 × 106 microorganisms/g and with urea-sulfuric acid treated straw were 15.7 × 106/g soil after 14 days incubation. The respective actinomycete counts were 0.3 × 106 and 6.7 × 106/g for the no straw and straw-treated soils, respectively. The urea-sulfuric acid treatments suppressed straw decomposition in the laboratory and accelerated straw decomposition in the field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00270941
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localisation of genes for components of photosystem II in chloroplast DNA from pea and wheat (1985)
    Springer
    Current genetics 10 (1985), S. 329-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Pea ; Wheat ; Chloroplast genes ; Photosystem II
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The genes for three components of photosystem II have been localised in chloroplast DNA from pea and wheat by hybridisation with gene-internal sequences from spinach chloroplast DNA. In both pea and wheat, the gene for the 51 kDa polypeptide is located close to the genes for cytochrome b-563 and the 15 kDa polypeptide of the cytochrome b-f complex. The genes for the D2 and 44 kDa polypeptides are located close together, approximately 55 kbp from the gene for the 51 kDa polypeptide, in both pea and wheat chloroplast DNA. The location and orientation of the genes for the D2 and 44 kDa polypeptides in wheat chloroplast DNA indicate that the rearrangement of the wheat genome with respect to the spinach genome is the result of at least two inversions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00365629
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Homology in the region containing a tRNATrp gene and a (complete or partial) tRNAPro gene in wheat mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes (1987)
    Springer
    Current genetics 12 (1987), S. 91-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Organellar genomes ; tRNA genes ; Wheat ; Maize
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We have used bean mitochondrial (mt) and chloroplast (cp) tRNATrp as probes to locate the corresponding genes on the mt and cp genomes of wheat and we have determined the nucleotide sequences of the wheat mt and cp tRNATrp genes and of the flanking regions. Sequence comparisons show that the wheat mt and cp tRNATrp genes are 97% homologous. On the wheat cp DNA, a tRNA Pro UGG gene was found 139 by upstream of the cp tRNATrp gene. On the wheat mt DNA, a sequence of 23 nucleotides completely homologous with the 3' end of this cp tRNAPro gene was found 136 by upstream of the rut tRNATrp gene, but there is only 38% homology between cp and mt wheat genomes in the intergenic regions. The overall organization of this region in the chloroplast genome (a tRNATrp gene separated by about 140 by from a tRNAPro gene) is also found in the mitochondrial genome, suggesting that this mitochondrial fragment might have originated from a chloroplast DNA insertion. A comparison of the genes and of the intergenic regions located between the tRNATrp gene and the tRNAPro (or partial tRNAPro) gene shows that there is an almost complete conservation of these sequences in the mitochondrial DNA of wheat and maize, whereas wheat mt and cp intergenic regions show more sequence divergence. Wheat mt tRNATrp gene is encoded by the main mt genome (accounted for by the master chromosome) but, in the case of maize mitochondria, this gene was found to be encoded by the 2.3 kb linear plasmid, indicating that this plasmid is not dispensable in maize mitochondria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00434662
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