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  • Articles  (14)
  • Soil respiration  (14)
  • 1985-1989  (14)
  • 1980-1984
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  • 1940-1944
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  • Articles  (14)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of the water regime on denitrification and aerobic respiration in soil (1986)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 2 (1986), S. 15-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Denitrification ; Aerobic respiration ; Water potential ; Soil respiration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The influence of soil moisture on denitrification and aerobic respiration was studied in a mull rendzina soil. N2O formation did not occur below −30 kPa matric water potential (Ψm), above 0.28 air-filled porosity (a) and below 0.55 fractional water saturation (Θv/PV ≙ volumetric water content/total pore volume). Half maximum rates of N2O production and O2 consumption were obtained between Ψm = −1.2 and −12 kPa,a = 0.05 and 0.23, and Θv/PV = 0.63 and 0.92. No oxygen consumption was measured at Θv/PC ≧ 1.17. O2 uptake and denitrification occurred simultaneously arounda = 0.10 (at Ψm = −10 kPa and Θv/PV = 0.81) at mean rates of 3.5 µl O2 and 0.3 µl N2 h−1g−1 soil. Undisturbed, field-moist soil saturated with nitrate solution showed constant consumption and production rates, respectively, of 0.6 µl O and 0.22 µl N2O h−1g−1 soil, whereas the rates of air-dried remoistened soil were at least 10 times these values. The highest rates obtained in remoistened soil amended with glucose and nitrate were 130 µl O2 and 27 µl N2O h−1g−1 soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00638956
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of water amendment on basal and substrate-induced respiration rates of mineral soils (1989)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 8 (1989), S. 242-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Soil respiration ; Soil water ; Substrate-induced respiration ; CO2 evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary We studied the effects of amending soils with different volumes of water or glucose solution on respiration rates measured as CO2 evolution. Basal respiration was not significantly affected by the volume of water amendment, but substrate-induced respiration in static soil solutions was significantly reduced by increasing water contents. Inhibition of substrate-induced respiration was removed by continuously agitating the incubation vessels. Estimates of substrate-induced respiration rates for six soils differed markedly, depending on whether the vessels were stationary or agitated during the incubation. Agitation allowed increased discrimination between substrate-induced respiration rates for the soils, while static incubation only differentiated the soil with the highest substrate-induced respiration rate from the other soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266486
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of seed inoculation with the rhizopseudomonad strain 7NSK2 on the root microbiota of maize (Zea mays) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) (1987)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 3 (1987), S. 153-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Rhizopseudomonads ; Seed inoculation ; Rhizosphere microbiota ; Coliform bacteria ; Soil respiration ; Zea mays ; Hordeum vulgare
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The addition of sugars or amino acids to the soil gave rise to the development of different groups of microorganisms. The increase in the number of different groups of microorganisms in the soil had an influence on the microbiota in the rhizoplane and endorhizosphere of maize and barley grown in that soil. Furthermore, growth of maize and barley decreased with increasing microbial activity and density in soil. This effect could be counteracted effectively by the rhizopseudomonad strain 7NSK2. The beneficial effect of the strain 7NSK2 correlated inversely with the microbial activity, as measured by soil respiration, in the bulk-pretreated soil. The effect of seed inoculation with the rhizopseudomonad strain 7NSK2 on the root microbiota of maize and barley was evaluated. The strain 7NSK2 was capable of colonizing the rhizoplane and endorhizosphere of the maize cultivar Beaupré and barley cultivar Than very effectively and of considerably altering their composition. The number of total bacteria, fungi, pseudomonads and coliform bacteria in the rhizoplane and endorhizosphere of both plants was strongly reduced by inoculating the seeds with the strain 7NSK2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255776
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioactivity in limed soil of a spruce forest (1987)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 3 (1987), S. 211-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Bioactivity ; Soil ; Lime ; Spruce forest ; ATP test ; Soil respiration ; Microcalorimetric measurements ; FDA hydrolysis ; Iron reduction test
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The stimulative effect of lime on the bioactivity of various soil horizons was demonstrated by the ATP test, and respiration and microcalorimetric measurements, but not by FDA hydrolysis or the iron reduction test. The latter showed clear inhibition. When the natural structure of layers was saved while sampling, a smaller stimulation of bioactivity was observed than in the case of mixing natural layers. No stimulation was recorded when the lime layer was removed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00640632
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon transfer in a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) ecosystem (1987)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 5 (1987), S. 76-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Biomass accumulation ; Decomposition ; Litter ; Soil organic matter ; Soil respiration ; 14C deposition ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In a field experiment with 14C-labeled winter wheat conducted in the north-central region of the United States, crop-accumulated carbon (grain excluded) returned to the soil was found to be 542 g m−2 year−1. Almost half of the carbon from the underground compartment was released in the form of CO2 during the first 3 months after harvest due to very favorable conditions for biological activity. After 18 months, no less than 80% of the carbon from the plant residues was mineralized. About 16% of straw carbon and 24% of root carbon was transferred into soil organic matter. The annual rate of soil organic matter decomposition was approximated as 1.7%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264350
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbial biomass and activity in urban soils contaminated with Zn and Pb (1988)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 6 (1988), S. 9-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Soil respiration ; ATP ; Heavy metal effects ; Dormant population ; Microbial biomass ; Urban soils
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effects of heavy metals on microbial biomass and activity were investigated in 30 urban soils, contaminated mainly with Zn and Pb to different extents, in terms of the physicochemical and biological characteristics of the soils. Evaluated by simple and multiple regression analyses, the microbial biomass was not affected significantly by easily soluble Zn + Pb (extractable with 0.1 NHCI). The biomass was accounted for as a function of cation exchange capacity (CEC), total organic C and the numbers of fungal colonies present (R 2 = 0.692). Carbon dioxide evolution from soils, which reflected microbial activity, was studied on soils incubated with microbial-promoting substrates (glucose and ammonium sulfate) or without. Carbon dioxide evolution was negatively related to Zn+Pb, and this inhibitory effect of the metals was greater in the soils incubated with substrates. Carbon dioxide evolution in soils with substrates was closely related to Zn+Pb, bacterial numbers and the numbers of fungal colonies (R 2 = 0.718). Carbon dioxide evolution in soils without substrates was accounted for as a function of Zn + Pb, biomass and the C/N ratio (R 2 = 0.511). Using these relationships, the effects of heavy metals on soil microorganisms are discussed in terms of metabolically activated and dormant populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00257913
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Threshold levels of cadmium for soil respiration and growth of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and difficulties with their determination (1989)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 7 (1989), S. 152-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Cadmium ; Threshold levels ; Soil respiration ; Microbial diversity ; Triticum aestivum L. ; Dose-response curve
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Inconsistent results were obtained from comparative studies on the impact of increasing Cd contamination in three soils on growth of spring-wheat plantlets and soil respiration. With identical soil Cd loads, plant growth was increasingly inhibited in the following sequence: Neutral sandy hortisol (pH 7.0) 〈 phaeosem (pH 6.9) 〈 acidic cambisol (pH 5.6), suggesting a strong dependence on pH. In contrast, oxidation of a glucose-glutamate mixture by these soils was increasingly inhibited in the sequence: Acidic cambisol 〈 neutral sandy hortisol 〈 phaeosem. Inhibition of plant growth was correlated with the extractability of Cd from soils by 0.1 M CaCl2. However, comparison of dose-response curves with dose-extractability and dose-uptake curves suggested the presence of a soil factor that modified plant uptake of available Cd. This factor, possibly the concentration of antagonistic cations, was apparently also active within the plants. The inconsistency in the responses of plant growth and of soil respiration with respect to the soil Cd load was ascribed to microbiological soil properties exceeding the importance of Cd availability. Relatively high in vitro sensitivity of prokaryotes and their biochemical interdependence together with relatively high diversities of streptomycetes and fungi were paralleled by a relatively strong inhibition of soil respiration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00292574
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil microbial effects of a Cu-Ni smelter in southwestern Finland (1989)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 8 (1989), S. 87-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Heavy metals ; Pollution ; Bacteria ; Soil respiration ; Litter decomposition ; Fungal hyphal length
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The influence of a Cu-Ni smelter on the soil microbial parameters: physiological groups of bacteria, soil respiration, fungal hyphal length, and green-needle litter decomposition, were investigated. The microbial parameters were reduced and this was significantly explained (P〈0.01) by the supplied environmental variables: exchangeable Ca, Mg, K, Mn, Cu, Ni, Cd, Zn, soil moisture, pH, and organic C as loss on ignition (Canoco, RDA-analysis). The importance of measuring exchangeable cations for major and trace elements appeared to be a relevant factor that must be considered when establishing relationships between microbial populations, their activity and the effect of heavy metals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00260522
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of artificial irrigation, acid precipitation and liming on the microbial activity in soil of a spruce forest (1987)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 4 (1987), S. 137-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Acid irrigation ; Spruce forest ; ATP test ; Soil respiration ; Microcalorimetric measurements ; FDA hydrolysis ; Iron reduction test
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effects of irrigation, acid precipitation and liming on the bioactivity in a spruce forest soil were measured with different tests. Except for the iron reduction test and the FDA hydrolysis, the highest activities were measured in the upper horizons and mostly decreased gradually in the deeper ones. The determination of heat output and respiration without additional energy supply and ATP measurement gave similar results: acid precipitation inhibits the bioactivity in O1 and Of1, layers; lime stimulated it mostly in Of2 horizons. Except for the results of ATP measurement, in Of2 horizons the influence of lime exceeded that of acid irrigation. The results obtained from respiration and microcalorimetric measurements after the introduction of an energy supply were similar: Humidity, derived either from acid precipitation or from irrigation, stimulated the activity as well as lime, clearly in Of2, to a smaller extent also in deeper horizons. The bioactivity in Oft increased significantly in the plots in the order: control, plot with acid irrigation, plot with normal irrigation, limed plot, limed plot with acid irrigation, and limed plot with normal irrigation. The difference between irrigated and acid-irrigated plots is due to the inhibitive effects of protons and SO 4 2− . The FDA hydrolysis test showed a clear stimulative effect of humidity in Of horizons of non-limed plots. With the iron reduction test, stimulation in acid-irrigated and inhibition in limed samples was demonstrated. The maximum bioactivity measured with this method was localized in deeper horizons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00256987
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil respiration in eucalypt forests of southeastern Australia (1989)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 8 (1989), S. 154-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Soil respiration ; Eucalyptus forests ; Glucose ; Water-soluble carbon ; Eucalyptus regnans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Soil respiration was measured in five eucalypt forests of southeastern Australia. Regardless of the type of forest, the rate of respiration in soils responded to the addition of an available C source (glucose) and did not to the addition of N or P. Addition of glucose, at up to 100% of the glucose equivalent in soil, increased the rate of respiration sigmoidally. The concentration of glucose needed to achieve the maximum rate of respiration in the topsoil (0–2 cm) of an Eucalyptus regnans forest was at least an order of magnitude greater than its equivalent in the soil. The results indicate that microbial respiration in soils from eucalypt forests is limited by an available source of C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00257759
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of microbial biomass and soil fauna in two contrasting soils cropped to barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (1989)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 8 (1989), S. 144-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Cryoboralf ; Cryoboroll ; Microarthropods ; Nematodes ; Protozoa ; Soil respiration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary This study compared the dynamics of shoots, roots, microbial biomass and faunal populations in two different soils cropped to barley. The dynamics of microbial C, protozoa, nematodes, acari, collembola, shoot and root mass were measured between July and October under barley at Ellerslie (Black Chernozem, Typic Cryoboroll) and Breton (Gray Luvisol, Typic Cryoboralf) in central Alberta. Very wet soil conditions in early July reduced the barley yield at Breton. The peak shoot mass was greater at Ellerslie (878 g m−2) compared to Breton (582 g m−2), but the root mass did not differ significantly between sites. Microbial C at 0–30 cm depth was greater at Ellerslie (127 g m−2) than Breton (68 g m−2). The average protozoa population (no. m−2) did not differ significantly between sites. The average nematode population at 0–20 cm depth was greater at Ellerslie (5.1 × 106 no. m−2) compared to Breton (1.0 × 106 no. m−2) Acari and collembola populations at 0–10 cm depth at Ellerslie (43 × 103 and 43 × 102 no. m−2), respectively) were greater than at Breton (2 × 104 and 9 × 102 no. m−2) respectively). Tenday laboratory incubations of 0–10 cm soil samples from Ellerslie evolved more CO2-C (120 μg g−1 soil) compared to samples from Breton (97 μg g−1 soil), but the CO2-C evolution did not differ when expressed on an area basis (g m−2) due to the greater soil bulk density at Breton. The soil from Breton respired twice as much CO2-C when expressed as a proportion of soil C and 1.5 times as much CO2-C when expressed as a proportion of microbial C, compared to the soil from Ellerslie. The greater CO2-C: microbial C ratio, lower flush C:N ratio, and greater protozoa population: soil C ratio at Breton compared to Ellerslie suggest that the food web was relatively more active at Breton and was related to greater C availability and water availability at Breton.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00257758
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzyme activity and carbon dioxide evolution from upland and wetland rice soils under three agricultural practices in hilly regions (1989)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 7 (1989), S. 359-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Soil enzymes ; Soil respiration ; Hill agriculture ; Wetland rice ; Dehydrogenase activity - Urease activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Dehydrogenase activity (a measure of microbial biomass), urease activity and CO2 evolution were measured in soils planted to rice (Oryza sativa L.) under three different agricultural practices prevalent in hill regions. The effects of hill slope, terrace and valley agriculture were investigated for two cropping seasons. The valleys and terraces were kept flooded during each cropping season while the hill slopes were cultivated with dryland practices. The type of agricultural practice and the date of observation had a significant influence on enzyme activity and CO2 evolution. A positive correlation was observed between dehydrogenase and urease activity and soil moisture content. Dehydrogenase and urease activity and soil respiration were positively correlated among themselves. The activity of both enzymes and CO2 evolution were highest in valley soils followed by terrace and hill-slope sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00257833
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Freezing as a means of preserving samples in soil respiration studies (1989)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 8 (1989), S. 95-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Soil respiration ; Substrate-induced respiration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Freezing was investigated as a means of preserving samples in soil respiration studies. Concentrations of CO2 in the headspaces of incubation bottles before and after freezing, and respiration rates derived from fresh or frozen samples were not significantly different over periods of up to 30 days. Freezing permits many samples to be assayed for respiratory activity at one time, increases the accuracy of the incubation period and defers the need to analyse headspace concentrations of CO2 until it is convenient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00260523
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zinc effects on soil microflora and glucose metabolites in soil amended with 14C-glucose (1985)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 1 (1985), S. 117-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Soil respiration ; 14C-glucose metabolites ; Zn effects ; bacterial and fungal populations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effects of zinc added to a diluvial sandy clay loam soil on its microflora and the metabolic products of amended glucose in the soil were investigated, and its influences on both biological and chemical turnover are discussed. Changes in the soil microflora were followed by counting the microbes and measuring their contributions to soil respiration. The transformations of 14C-glucose products were traced in five divided fractions. Amended glucose was readily assimilated into microbial tissues and transformed to metabolites in the control soil. Within the initial 24 h of the incubation, most of the glucose was decomposed and about 40% of the substrate evolved as carbon dioxide. This primary metabolism was attributed to the bacterial population, and the subsequent secondary metabolism was associated with fungal growth rather than bacteria. On the other hand, zinc (1000 μg/g) added as chloride prolonged the primary metabolism of glucose and a large part of the incubation period for 96 h was occupied by this metabolism, which was mostly dependent on the fungal population. Viable bacterial number noticeably within the first 24 h of the incubation. During the course of the subsequent incubation, however, this number increased and the selection for zinc tolerance was suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301778
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