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  • Biochemistry  (886)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (886)
  • 1985-1989  (519)
  • 1980-1984  (367)
  • 1965-1969
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 10 (1989), S. 495-502 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Basis sets ranging in size from (16, 10, 7) to (20, 14, 11) have been derived for the atoms Y-Cd. Separate sets represent the energy optimized wave functions for each of the s2dn, s1dn+1, and s0dn+2 configurations. The energies from the largest sets are within 3 mhartrees of the values obtained in numerical Hartree-Fock calculations. Reasonable Hartree-Fock s2dn- s1dn+1 and s2dn- s0dn+2 excitation energies may be obtained either using the largest basis sets, or using d-orbitals optimized for the s0dn+2 configurations. The basis sets are slightly unbalanced in favor of the s-functions and in disfavor of the d-functions, but various alternative basis sets may be derived by combining parts of the five parent sets. The convergence of radial expectation values is discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 10 (1989), S. 529-551 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: A method for fitting a smooth ribbon representation of DNA structures is proposed. Following a review of the relevant definitions for classical linear helical DNA and generalizations to curving helices, a parameterization of smooth ribbons is given, which leads to tractable expressions. In addition it suggests a new way to define twist, tilt, and roll for a base step that is free of the ambiguities caused by noncommutativity of finite rotations. A least squares fitting criterion for ribbons is then proposed. In some cases the optimal ribbon with respect to this criterion is not unique. This problem is analyzed, and the circumstances in which it can occur are specified. To resolve the nonuniqueness problem, a variational description of the optimal ribbon is proposed, namely the ribbon of lowest elastic energy achieving a specified level of fit with respect to the least squares criterion. The appropriate level of fit is decided using distances of backbone atoms from fitted ribbon axes. Theoretical tests of the fitting methodology are presented, and as a sample application a smooth ribbon is fit to an existing experimental structure.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 10 (1989) 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Molecular recognition in Rebek's cleft was studied with the MM2 force field. A new computational protocol was used to determine the free energies of substrate binding to this topologically unique model receptor. The energies and structural features of substrate-receptor complexes reveal that molecular recognition involves ammonium ion binding to the interior of the cleft and aromatic π-stacking on the exterior of the cleft.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 10 (1989), S. 635-647 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: The molecular mechanics calculations reported earlier for nitrogen heterocycles have now been extended to include the title compounds, and related molecules. It is in general possible to calculate these structures with an accuracy that compares favorably with experiment.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 10 (1989), S. 748-748 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 10 (1989), S. 798-816 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: A procedure that finds the most probable conformational states of a protein chain is described. Single-residue conformations are represented in terms of four conformational states, α, ∊, α*, and ∊*. The conformation of the entire chain is represented by a sequence of single-residue conformational states; the distinct conformations in this representation are called “chain-states.” The first article in this series described a procedure that computes tripeptide conformational probabilities from the amino acid sequence using pattern recognition techniques. The procedure described in this article uses the tripeptide probabilities to estimate the probabilities of the chain-states. The chain-state probability estimator is a product of conditional and marginal probabilities (obtained from the tripeptide probabilities), with a penalty factor to eliminate conformations containing α-helices and ∊-strands of excessive length. The probability estimator considers short-range conformational information, medium-range sequence information and some simple long-range information (through the restrictions on helix and strand lengths). Energy minimization calculations can be carried out in the region of conformational space corresponding to a particular chain-state. By selecting the most probable chain-states, the search can be focused on the most probable, or “important,” regions of the conformational space. These energy calculations are described in the third article of the series. The complete procedure described by the three articles is called PRISM, for pattern recognition-based importance sampling minimization.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 10 (1989), S. 817-831 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: A procedure that generates random conformations of a protein chain, and then applies energy minimization to find the structure of lowest energy, is described. Single-residue conformations are represented in terms of four conformational states, α, ∊, α*, and ∊*. Each state corresponds to a rectangular region in the φ, ψ map. The conformation of an entire chain is then represented by a sequence of single-residue conformational states. The distinct “chain-states” in this representation correspond to multidimensional rectangular regions in the conformational space of the whole protein. A set of highly-probable chain-states can be predicted from the amino acid sequence using the pattern recognition procedure developed in the first two articles of this series. The importance-sampling minimization procedure of the present article is then used to explore the regions of conformational space corresponding to each of these chain-states. The importance-sampling procedure generates a number of random conformations within a particular multidimensional rectangular region, sampling most densely from the most probable, or “important,” sections of the φ, ψ map. All values of φ and ψ are allowed, but the less-probable values are sampled less often. To achieve this, the random values of φ and Φ are generated from bivariate gaussian distributions that are determined from known X-ray structures. Separate gaussian distributions are used for proline residues in the α and ∊ states, for glycine residues in the α, ∊, α*, and ∊* states, and for ordinary residues involved in 29 different tripeptide conformations. Energy minimization is then applied to the randomly-generated structures to optimize interactions and to improve packing. The final energy values are used to select the best structures. The importance-sampling minimization procedure is tested on the avian pancreatic polypeptide, using chain-states predicted from the amino acid sequence. The conformation having the lowest energy is very similar to the X-ray conformation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 10 (1989), S. 856-860 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Formulas are derived for analytical first and second energy derivatives with respect to nuclear coordinates in molecular mechanics force fields employing lone-pair pseudoatoms. These derivatives may further be used for the calculation of normal modes and vibrational frequencies while properly accounting for the presence of pseudoatoms. The equations are applied using the MM2 force field to calculate the vibrational spectrum of methanol to illustrate the applicability of the method. The results are compared to both experiment and a numerical approximation in which small masses are assigned to the lone-pair pseudoatoms.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 10 (1989), S. 887-895 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: An equation is formulated on the basis of theoretical INDO/FPT calculations which describes the angular dependence of the propanic long-range coupling constant 4JMeH in substituted HCCCH3 fragments. This equation is a truncated Fourier series in the torsion angle φ, HCCMe, which takes into account the dependence of the Fourier coefficients on the bond angle θ, CCMe. The substituent effects are assumed to be additive. Some parameters in the equation may be obtained from the 4JMeH couplings in propane and neopentane derivatives. The calculated effect upon 4JMeH of changes in the bond angle θ is significant and it seems to be in part the cause of some effects which have been attributed to conformational dependence.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 10 (1989), S. 911-920 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: The conformations of various cyclic peroxides have been determined using a molecular mechanics force field developed by the authors and previously applied to linear peroxides. Comparison of the results with those of experimental and ab initio studies shows that this force field may be employed without correction for cyclic compounds.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 10 (1989), S. 928-934 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: This article shows that with our Hylleras-functional based method1 for generating correlation orbitals, we can determine electronic structures for small polyatomic systems very accurately. The procedure is ab initio, uses conventional Gaussian basis sets, and solves the electronic Schrödinger equation with the coupled cluster method. A comparison is made with MRCI results obtained in equivalent basis sets for the HF, H2O, and NH3 molecules.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 10 (1989) 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 10 (1989), S. 939-950 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Several improvements have been made to the gradient algorithms commonly used to optimize equilibrium and transition-state geometries at the semiempirical level. A gradient algorithm derived from a combination of a variable metric method (Davidon-Fletcher-Powell/Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno) and Pulay's direct inversion in the iterative subspace method for geometry optimization (GDIIS) is compared with the variable metric method combined with an accurate linear search algorithm. The latter method is used routinely in the standard semiempirical program packages, MNDO, MOPAC, and AMPAC. The combined variable metric and GDIIS algorithm is also compared with GDIIS which uses a static metric. The performance of these algorithms is examined for a wide range of systems with respect to both choice of coordinate system (for cyclic molecules) and guess for the initial Hessian. The results show that the GDIIS method is up to ca. 40% more efficient than the variable metric combined with accurate line search algorithm: however, the exact savings vary depending on the coordinate system and initial Hessian. For noncyclic systems, variable-metric GDIIS is usually equal or superior to static-metric GDIIS, and consistently performs ca. 30% more efficiently than the variable metric combined with accurate line search algorithm. For the optimization of cyclic molecules, an improved estimate of the initial Hessian has increased the efficiency by at least a factor of two. Greater efficiencies (usually 〉40%) are also obtained when static-metric GDIIS is used to refine the geometry after the initial application of a transition-state search based on the variable metric combined with line search algorithm. On the basis of these results, we recommend several changes to the algorithms as currently implemented in the standard semiempirical program packages.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 10 (1989), S. 957-962 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: In this article the matrix elements can be grouped into classes by means of the molecular symmetry. By introducing the concepts of symmetry-matrix and symmetry-supermatrix and determining their operation rules, the storage of the supermatrix can be asymptotically reduced by a factor of ca. g2 (g is the order of the molecular symmetry group) and the calculation of Fock matrix during each SCF cycle can be reduced proportionally. Besides, by using the DIIS method combined with the symmetry-matrices, the convergence behavior for highly symmetric molecules can be improved.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 10 (1989), S. 975-981 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: The potent neuromuscular blocker, gallamine, possesses three chemically equivalent, flexible side chains, the motion of which has been proposed as important in its mode of action on the acetylcholine receptor in vivo. The flexibility of the side chains has been investigated in the present initial study by a combination of quantum mechanics and molecular dynamics on the isolated, unsolvated molecule. Net atomic charges for the gallamine molecule have been calculated using the semiempirical program MOPAC for use in the molecular dynamics simulation. The flexibility of the side chains has been shown to correlate with the range of fluctuations in torsion angles observed in the crystal structure of gallamine.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 10 (1989), S. 982-1012 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: A molecular mechanics force field implemented in the Sybyl program is described along with a statistical evaluation of its efficiency on a variety of compounds by analysis of internal coordinates and thermodynamic barriers. The goal of the force field is to provide good quality geometries and relative energies for a large variety of organic molecules by energy minimization. Performance in protein modeling was tested by minimizations starting from crystallographic coordinates for three cyclic hexapeptides in the crystal lattice with rms movements of 0.019 angstroms, 2.06 degrees, and 6.82 degrees for bond lengths, angles, and torsions, respectively, and an rms movement of 0.16 angstroms for heavy atoms. Isolated crambin was also analyzed with rms movements of 0.025 angstroms, 2.97 degrees, and 13.0 degrees for bond lengths, angles, and torsions respectively, and an rms movement of 0.42 angstroms for heavy atoms. Accuracy in calculating thermodynamic barriers was tested for 17 energy differences between conformers, 12 stereoisomers, and 15 torsional barriers. The rms errors were 0.8, 1.7, and 1.13 kcal/mol, respectively, for the three tests. Performance in general purpose applications was assessed by minimizing 76 diverse complex organic crystal structures, with and without randomization by coordinate truncation, with rms movements of 0.025 angstroms, 2.50 degrees, and 9.54 degrees for bond lengths, angles and torsions respectively, and an average rms movement of 0.192 angstroms for heavy atoms.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 10 (1989), S. 1031-1037 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: A continuum and a discrete-continuum models are used to determine the solvation energies of FCH2COO-, FCH2COOH, and F2CHCOO-. For the anions, the continuum model provides results closer to the experiment, while for the acid, the addition of one water molecule improves the continuum-only energy.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 8 (1987), S. 663-673 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Basis set superposition error (BSSE) remains one of the major difficulties besetting current ab initio calculations of molecular interactions. Despite the widespread notion that lowering of the BSSE to negligible magnitude requires extremely large basis sets, we show that simple modifications of basis sets of only moderate size (e.g., 6-31G**) can accomplish the same end at much reduced computational expense. These modifications include reoptimization of the orbital exponents within the framework of the relevant molecules, plus addition of a single diffuse shell of sp orbitals on nonhydrogen centers. Subsequent addition of a second set of d-functions further lowers the SCF BSSE, bringing it below 0.1 kcal/mol for both (HF)2 and (H2O)2. It is notable that addition of the latter d-functions without prior reoptimization of the valence orbitals produces the opposite effect of an increase in the BSSE. Although the MP2 BSSE is also substantially decreased by the above modifications, it appears difficult to reduce this quantity below about 0.4 kcal/mol.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 8 (1987), S. 674-682 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Modifications of the standard 6-31G** basis set as recommended in the accompanying paper are found to markedly lower the basis set superposition error (BSSE) in the title complexes, in contrast to enlargement to a triple-ζ scheme or by addition of a diffuse sp shell or a second set of d-functions without prior optimization, all of which lead to BSSE increase. After appropriate correction for correlation and superposition effects, all basis sets (with the exception of the standard 6-31G** and 6-311G** with their very large BSSE) predict the cyclic geometry of NH3 dimer to be more stable than the linear arrangement. Correlation and BSSE can shift the equilibrium intermolecular distance in H3CH-OH2 by up to 0.4 Å. Failure to correct for superposition error leads to a drastic exaggeration of both the SCF and MP2 components of the interaction energy in this complex. Much better estimates are furnished by our recommended basis sets with their smaller superposition errors.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Tab.
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  • 21
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: We have analyzed two approaches to reproduce the resonance expansion of the scattering matrix appropriate for the calculation of molecular resonance states. The first is based on the resonance theory of Siegert-Humblet-Rosenfeld (SHR) and the second on the Fano-Feshbach formalism. The direct method of calculating the resonance expansion characteristics, devised on the basis of the SHR theory, makes it possible to obtain the energies and partial widths (detailed decay rate constants) of resonances. The Fano-Feshbach formalism, on the other hand, elucidates the resonance state as a concept and facilitates the interpretation of calculation results. The use of computational methods is illustrated by the study of the decay of a model triatomic system and of gas-phase nucleophilic substitution reactions. Used in the latter case is the division of all degrees of freedom of the reacting system into the adiabatic and dynamic ones along with an algorithm of inclusion of the restricted dynamical treatment in the calculation of reaction rate constants.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 8 (1987), S. 700-717 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: The present article addresses the problem of identifying the structure of a parent compound through its chemical fingerprints such as the various numbers of isomeric substitution patterns, along the lines of Kekulé when he arrived at his benzene formula. In a pioneering paper (1929), Lunn and Senior laid out the conceptual framework for the permutation group description of substitution isomerism. It remained, however, for Pólya's celebrated contribution (1937) to initiate the actual mathematical realization of their vision. Pólya supplied the tools for solving the isomer enumeration problem: given a (symmetrical) parent compound, enumerate its spectrum of substitution patterns. The converse problem, though ranked the more interesting one by Lunn & Senior, hardly received any mathematical attention. The present article offers a complete and effective solution.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 8 (1987), S. 718-726 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Stereochemistry deals primarily with distinctions based on rigid geometry, e.g., bond angles and lengths. But some chemical species have molecular graphs (such as knots, catenanes, and nonplanar graphs K5 and K3.3) that reside in space in a topologically nontrivial way. For such molecules there is hope of using topological methods to gain chemical information. Viewing a molecular graph as a topological object in space makes it unrealistically flexible; but if one proves that a certain graph is “topologically chiral” or that two graphs are “topological diastereomers,” then one has ruled out interconversion under any physical conditions for which the molecular graph still makes sense. In this paper, we consider several kinds of topological questions one might ask about graphs in space, methology and results available, and specific topological properties of various molecules.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 8 (1987), S. 727-735 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: The Hartree-Fock instablities of S2N2 are reported and compared with those of S3N3- and S4N42+. These unsaturated sulfur nitrogen planar rings are π electron rich and although the symmetry adapted HF solutions are singlet stable at the experimental bond lengths they become unstable with only a very modest increase in bond length. The broken symmetry solutions for S2N3, S3N3-, and S4N42+ are of planar C2v type with one of the nitrogens stripped of its π electrons, producing a π hole.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 8 (1987) 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 26
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: To study molecular decomposition pathways it is necessary to use ab initio multireference determinant-configuration interaction or MCSCF (multiconfiguration SCF) calculations. The MRD-CI (multireference double excitation-configuration interaction technique of Buenker and Peyerimhoff) calculations on the decomposition pathway of nitrobenzene were carried out using all of the occupied molecular orbitals in the region of the bond being dissociated, plus all of the virtual orbitals. An effective CI Hamiltonian was used into which were folded the effects of all of the occupied molecular orbitals from which excitations were not allowed. So far we have investigated the lowest 1A1, 3A1, 1A2, 3A2, 1B1, 3B1, 1B2, 3B2 states and are investigating the higher states. Our results show a wealth of structure in the potential energy surfaces for the various electronic states of nitrobenzene as a function of distance. A number of the states are predissociative and change dominant configuration one or more times along these potential energy surfaces.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 27
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: A recently proposed Hamiltonian approach to phenomenological chemical kinetics [T. Georgian and G.L. Findley, Int. J. Quantum Chem., Quantum Biol. Symp. 10, 331 (1983); T. Georgian, J.M. Halpin, and G.L. Findley, Int. J. Quantum Chem., Quantum Biol. Symp. 11, 347 (1984)] is applied to all consecutive first-order, single-step reactions, and to all reactions possessing one autocatalytic intermediate. The reaction Hamiltonians presented are shown to be consistent with the phenomenological rate equations and the relationship between reaction form and the form of the reaction potential is discussed. In particular, we show: (1) that the interaction between consecutive reactions manifests itself as a coupling term in the reaction potential, a term which may be eliminated via transition to “normal reaction coordinates” for the chemical system; and (2) that coupled sets of autocatalytic reactions give rise to coupling terms in the reaction Hamiltonian which are characteristic of the reaction mechanism.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 8 (1987), S. 753-760 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Conformational features of a chiral stationary phase used in column chromatography are discussed. The syn forms invoked in chiral recognition models are consistent with MNDO and MM2 calculations. It is speculated that the inherent flexibility of the syn form makes these phases effective templates for analyte binding.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 8 (1987), S. 761-771 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Ab initio electronic structure calculations have been carried out for the He(1S)-Li2 (X̃, 1∑g+) interaction both by the single-configuration SCF and correlated second-order MP2 methods using an extended basis set. From these calculations, an estimate of the isotropic (V0) and first two anisotropic (V2 and V4) terms of the He-Li2 potential surface has been obtained. An assessment of the leading induced-dipole-induced-dipole dispersion energy is presented from the MP2 energies. Where possible, a comparison is made with previous unpublished ab initio calculations by Staemmler and Stahl using the CEPA method.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 8 (1987), S. 772-777 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Force constants for both anomers of glucose are evaluated using CNDO/Force method.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 8 (1987), S. 778-787 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Algorithms for a finer description of cavities in continuous media and for a more efficient selection of sampling points on the cavity surface are described. Applications to the evaluation of solute surface and volume and to the calculation of the solute-solvent electrostatic interaction energy, as well as of the cavitation energy are shown as examples.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 8 (1987), S. 788-793 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: A variety of basis sets have been used for geometric and electronic structure studies. Electronic effects were measured using integrated spatial electron populations (ISEP). The two largest basis sets used, 6-31G* and DZ+P, give significantly different results. Use of two d-orbital sets (6-31G*[dd]) or decontraction of the 2sp shell on phosphorus has little further effect. d-Orbitals on oxygen are required for consistent electronic structure results, and d-orbitals on fluorine have a small but significant effect. Use of diffuse functions, required for anions, is not recommended with small basis sets on neutral molecules. Large negative charges (≈-1.5) on oxygen are given by all of the larger basis sets by the ISEP procedure and indicate that the PO bond in these compounds is largely semi-polar. The best simple symbolic representation of phosphine oxide is H3P+—0-, rather than H3P=0.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 8 (1987), S. 794-800 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: The mechanism of the A2 acid hydrolysis of methyl carbamate was investigated using MNDO method. The reaction was found to proceed in two steps: (1) the rate-determining nucleophilic attack of water on the carbonyl carbon of the N-protonated tautomer involving the tetrahedral TS; and (2) the fast subsequent proton abstraction by the leaving group, NH3, to form products. The mechanism is similar to that involved in the A2 hydrolysis of acetamide. Effects of substituents, R1, R2, and R3 in R1OCONR2R3, on rates can be predicted by the changes in electron densities on alkoxy oxygen and N, in complete agreement with the experimental results. We concluded that there is no need for invoking two different mechanisms for amides and carbamates since a common mechanism can easily accommodate all the experimental results.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 8 (1987), S. 916-916 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 8 (1987) 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 8 (1987), S. 906-915 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: The enumeration of polyhexes can be easily carried out by utilizing a compact name (CN) approach to code chemical structures. The Fortran program performing generation of benzenoid hydrocarbons with 1-10 rings is presented. The computed structures are divided into various classes according to their cata- or peri- as well and non- or radicaloid character. Use of the additive nodal increments (ANI) approach leads to algorithm producing representative samples of the polyhexes' sets which can be applicable in testing of various topological formulae.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Tab.
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 8 (1987), S. 1016-1024 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Techniques from numerical analysis and crystallographic refinement have been combined to produce a variant of the Truncated Newton nonlinear optimization procedure. The new algorithm shows particular promise for potential energy minimization of large molecular systems. Usual implementations of Newton's method require storage space proportional to the number of atoms squared (i.e., O(N2)) and computer time of O(N3). Our suggested implementation of the Truncated Newton technique requires storage of less than O(N1.5) and CPU time of less than O(N2) for structures containing several hundred to a few thousand atoms. The algorithm exhibits quadratic convergence near the minimum and is also very tolerant of poor initial structures. A comparison with existing optimization procedures is detailed for cyclohexane, arachidonic acid, and the small protein crambin. In particular, a structure for crambin (662 atoms) has been refined to an RMS gradient of 3.6 × 10-6 kcal/mol/Å per atom on the MM2 potential energy surface. Several suggestions are made which may lead to further improvement of the new method.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 38
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: The computer program PRODIS is used to find low energy conformations of flexible molecules by searching the potential energy surface(s) of one or more torsion angles via rigid rotation. The n-dimensional grid of energy versus torsion angles is then converted to a Boltzman probability distribution, with the probability being represented not as a function of torsion angle, but rather a distance between two atoms. These atoms are chosen by comparison with a known, active analogue in which certain atoms have previously been determined as requirements for drug activity. PRODIS produces a list of low energy conformations, their corresponding interatomic distances and the Boltzman probability for each distance ±0.125, as well as the total probability for each conformation. The user also specifies a target interatomic distance and range (usually derived from a more rigid analogue) for which PRODIS lists all conformations and their Boltzman probability that meet this distance.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988) 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 11-17 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: The positions and orientations of water molecules in violuric acid crystals have been determined with the Metropolis Monte Carlo method. The interaction potentials between water and violuric acid needed in the simulation have been developed using ab initio calculations corrected for the basis set superposition error with the C.P. technique and fitted to atom-atom pairwise potentials. The agreement between experimental data and simulation results is good, proving that the interaction potentials can be used with confidence.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 1-10 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Ab initio SCF-LCAO-MO computations using a minimal basis set have been carried out on the acetylcholine ion in different conformations. The rotational barrier around the C9-C8-O1-C2 dihedral angle (τ1) has been also calculated: the curve presents a broad minimum. SCF calculations have been carried out on the system Ach-water at 468 different separations and/or orientations; the interaction energies were then fitted to a pair potential function used in Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of Ach water solution. The rdfs indicate a global first hydration shell with about 38 waters. Details about the hydration shell are presented. The overall MC results indicate that for the Ach ion in water solution at room temperature relative free rotation is possible around τ1, and that Ach is well represented as a large positively charged hydrated globe with a small mobile tail free of strong interactions with the surrounding water molecules.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 18-24 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: This article examines the numerical estimation of molecular surface areas within the model of overlapping atomic spheres. One has the choice of either basing the estimate on all elements that contribute to the surface, or of ignoring systematically some elements in the interatomic clefts. It is argued that the second choice, even though more approximate, implicitly improves on the model and is to be preferred. Since surface areas are not measurable, the demonstration is unavoidably roundabout, relying mostly on correlation analysis. Among the regressors occur two compounded parameters. One, ratio of the surface area of the equivalent sphere to the surface area, is interpreted as a measure of molecular globularity. It reflects the molecular axis-ratio and surface convolution. The other, ratio of the surface area to the volume, is interpreted as a measure of the global congestion of a chemical residue. Together with a measure of the local congestion at the point of attachment, it affects the steric hindrance that a residue offers. The relation between the surface area and the number of valence electrons is also discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 148-157 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Compression of two-electron integral data is used to reduce integral storage and I/O requirements with FPS M64 Series (formerly FPS-X64) processors. Schemes are developed and implemented in assembly language to compress floating-point values to a fixed-point accuracy, and unsigned integer numbers. The floating-point scheme stores only the significant bits of the mantissa and a short, biased exponent. The unsigned integers are packed into fixed-length fields just long enough to hold the largest value. The packing procedures are tested on FPS-164 and FPS-264 processors (since renamed M64/145 and M64/60 by FPS) and incorporated into HONDO to compress two-electron integral files. Reduction factors of 0.2-0.4 are obtained for floating-point compression and 0.3-0.5 for index packing, with typical overall factors around one-third. The advantages of improved I/O and storage efficiency are accompanied by a small increase in processor time to perform the packing and unpacking. Timing changes for HONDO are presented, and both packing schemes dramatically reduce SCF elapsed times with FPS-264 processors. It is concluded that compression effectively extends external storage capacities, improves I/O efficiency, and can reduce the elapsed time of I/O bound calculations.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Tab.
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 356-361 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: A least-squares procedure for the construction of four 2s-2p hybrid orbital direction vectors that deviate least from four given bond vectors emanating from a tetravalent atom is described. The procedure is used as a tool for the interpretation of structural data from X-ray diffraction, electron diffraction, and microwave experiments.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 362-368 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Characteristics of the Watson-Crick-type hydrogen-bonded base pairs, thymine-adenine and cytosineguanine, are presented. These were established using an ab initio molecular orbital method. Base-base interactions are revealed to have dominant roles in the structures of nucleic acids and also in their functions. The most stable conformations in Watson-Crick-type base pairs are almost in accord with the structure observed in fiber X-ray diffraction study. Explanations are given of the origin of the sequencedependent local structures which differ from one base pair to the next, as observed in single-crystal X-ray analyses. In the case of the thymine-adenine base pair, it is shown that various geometrical parameters having almost the same stability are available. According to the propeller twist, the instability is not large enough for a base pair to be twisted readily.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 369-377 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Equilibrium twist angles, rotational barriers around essential single bonds, and preferred conformations for over 60 conjugated organic molecules were calculated using the semiempirical AM1 (Austin model 1) method. Comparison with ab initio and experimental data shows that AM1 can be applied quite successfully to conformational problems of this type. Relatively large errors are, however, found for compounds in which lone pair-hydrogen and especially lone pair-lone pair interactions are decisive for their conformational behavior. AM1-calculated rotational barriers in conjugated molecules, however, are found to be much too low. Moreover, AM1 does not seem to even correctly reproduce the trend of rotational barriers within a series of structurally related compounds. E/Z energy differences obtained by AM1 are also frequently considerably too low. In contrast to rotational barriers, their trends and thus conformational preferences, however, are quite satisfactorily calculated by this method. Ionization potentials obtained by AM1 are too high by about 0.5 eV. However, trends are quite well predicted.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 343-355 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: A general algorithm is described which exhaustively searches conformational space using an internal coordinate tree search. Using only geometrical operations and a set of criteria for eliminating chemically unreasonable structures, the algorithm generates starting geometries for optimization by molecular mechanics. An implementation of this algorithm is exceedingly fast and finds all known minima, as well as several new ones, for four test alkanes. This method makes feasible global conformational searches for molecules with up to 109 conformational possibilities.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 378-386 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: This article describes the use of the ICL Distributed Array Processor (DAP) for the automatic classification of chemical structure databases using the Jarvis-Patrick clustering method. This method is based upon the calculation of a table containing the nearest neighbors for each of the molecules in the database which is to be clustered. These nearest neighbors can be identified very efficiently using the DAP since it allows up to 4096 molecules to be compared with a specified molecule in parallel. Experiments with files of 4096 and 8192 structures from the Fine Chemicals Database show that clustering with the DAP is up to 6.7 times as fast as using a highly efficient, inverted file algorithm on an IBM 3083 mainframe.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 399-405 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: A simple electronegativity method is used to calculate atomic charges for molecules of interest to biochemistry. These include purines, pyrimidines, and amino acids. Results are compared to those obtained from other theoretical methods (ab initio and semiempirical) as well as to nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data. Correlation is fair with CNDO results but very good for ab initio, DelRe, and other electronegativity methods. Good correlation was also achieved with NMR data. It is shown that a correction factor may be required in some cases and that important resonance effects need to be taken into account. Because of the small amount of calculational effort involved, these results suggest that this method could be quite useful in this field.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 50
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: The monocyclic β-lactam [[4(S)-methyl-2-oxo-1-azetidinyl]thia]acetic acid was studied by the semiempirical molecular orbital methods AM1, MNDO, and MINDO/3. Using the reaction coordinate option in the program MOPAC on VAX and Cray X-MP computers, the potential energy curve was calculated for rotation of the C2-N1-S-C torsional angle in the conformationally flexible side chain while optimizing all other geometrical variables in the molecule. The trajectory taken during geometry optimization was found to be sensitive to the computer, the program version, the convergence criteria, and the degree of code optimization used in the calculation. In order to reduce the likelihood of spurious results, conformational or reaction energy hypersurfaces need to be calculated with the more precise SCF convergence and minimization criteria available in programs for MINDO/3, MNDO, and AM1 calculations. The nitrogen in the model β-lactam antibiotic is predicted to invert periodically as the dihedral angle to the exocyclic N-substituent sweeps through 360°.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 476-487 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Electrical interactions between molecules are important effects in weak and long-range attractions. With quantum mechanical techniques now capable of yielding values of all multipole polarizabilities, hyperpolariabilities, and beyond, exhaustive treatment of electrical interaction is no longer out of the question. An efficient computational strategy is presented for the evaluation of electrical interaction energies to any desired level for small, medium, and large (ca. 100 molecules) clusters. With incorporation of repulsive, hard-wall potentials, global surfaces may be examined. Example calculations are presented.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 443-454 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: The results of complete Hartree-Fock (HF)/6-31G geometry optimization and HF/6-31G//HF/6-31G force fields evaluations of three rotamers of the H2C=CH-HC—N—H molecule (s-trans-d-trans-, s-trans-d-cis- and s-cis-d-trans-2-propen-1-imine) and the H2C=N-H molecule are reported. All three conformers were found to be planar with the s-trans-d-trans conformer lowest in energy. This was corroborated by further complete optimizations of the geometries of the s-trans-d-trans and s-trans-d-cis conformers at the HF/6-31G*(5D) level as well as single-point MP4/6-31G*//HF/6-31G*(5D) calculations. The assignment of the vibrational frequencies of the propenimine rotamers and some isotopomers of methanimine are also reported. The majority of the experimental frequencies of propenimine in the gaseous phase are found to belong to the s-trans-d-trans form, but a few frequencies are attributed to the high-energy s-trans-d-cis conformer.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 488-494 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: The optimized geometries for the rotamers of propanal, 2-butanone, isobutyraldehyde, methyl isopropyl ketone, and isobutyric acid obtained using the 3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets are compared, and systematic changes are noted. The relative 6-31G* energies using the 3-21G and 6-31G* geometries are generally the same within 0.1 kcal/mol. The effect of electron correlation on the relative energies is generally small. These and related data show that 6-31G* relative energies obtained using 3-21G geometries are generally satisfactory when studying rotation about C—C bonds. However, this is not the case for C—O bonds. The calculated relative energies of isomeric compounds are reproduced only with the full MP4 correction for electron correlation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 495-504 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Tatewaki and Huzinaga's [J. Comput. Chem. 1, 205 (1980)] basis sets, constructed to minimize superposition error, were used to calculate infrared (IR) frequencies and intensities. They were found inferior to Pople bases such as 3-21G and 6-31G*. The question of whether a theoretical vibrational spectrum should be computed at experimental or theoretical bond lengths was also investigated. If the magnitude of the correlation energy increases with bond length, Hartree-Fock bond lengths are expected to be shorter than experimental, and frequencies computed there will be higher than those computed at experimental lengths. Conversely, if this magnitude decreases with R, computed lengths should be longer than experimental and should give lower computed frequencies.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 55
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: A general algorithm of calculating the eigenstates of a rigid molecule trapped in an external potential is reported. The wave function and the potential are expanded about a common reference configuration. The expansion coefficients of the wave function are variationally determined. Contracted basis functions may be used to restrict the number of expansion coefficients. The use of the algorithm is illustrated by calculations of intermolecular eigenstates of benzene-water complexes.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 539-553 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Donor-acceptor pairs form EDA complexes that exist as conformational isomers exhibiting different ground-state and photochemical properties. We have sought a rapid, general, and accurate quantum mechanical computational method to generate potential energy surfaces that are representative of the donor-acceptor intermolecular interactions at the self-consistent field (SCF) level. The semiempirical molecular orbital (MO) method MNDO has been compared to ab initio methods to assess its behavior with respect to energy, dipole moment and ionization potential shifts. MNDO correctly distinguishes between repulsive and bound EDA complex states at the SCF level and produces potential curves that are smooth and free of spurious minima or cusps. MNDO curves are systematically more repulsive than those for ab initio STO-3G calculations; calculated interaction energies exhibit a mean absolute deviation of 2.90 kcal/mol. MNDO appears to provide a reliable qualitative estimate of the nondispersion portion of the interaction energy. Limitations and errors arising from minimal basis sets, single determinants, and neglect of dispersion are discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 57
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Molecular mechanics energy calculations coupled with nuclear magnetic resonance-determined distance and torsion angle constraints have been used to determine the three-dimensional structure of tyrocidine A, a cyclic decapeptide which exists largely as a single conformation in solution. Two open-chain polyalanine models were used to represent separate halves of the peptide backbone and a combinatorial method of searching conformation space used to generate candidate structures consistent with experimental distance constraints. These structures were energy-minimized using the AMBER molecular mechanics forcefield and the resulting conformations classified by factor analysis of their Cartesian coordinates. Representative low-energy conformers of the two halves of the backbone were fused together and two candidate conformations of the completed backbone refined by further minimization using both distance and torsional constraints. Side chains were then added as their experimentally preferred rotamers and the whole molecule minimized without constraints to give the final model structure. This shows type II' and III ß turns at residues 4-5 and 9-10, respectively, coupled by twisted antiparallel strands which show hydrogen bonds between all four pairs of opposing peptide groups. The backbone conformation of residues 2-6 closely resembles that found in the crystal structure of gramicidin S.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 702-707 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: The use of AM1, MNDO, and MNDOC semiempirical MO methods for calculation of heats of formation and ionization potentials of a series of 38 radicals are described. AM1 and MNDO calculations are reported using both half-electron (HE) and Unrestricted Hartree Fock (UHF) wavefunctions. Results show the MNDOC method to give lowest overall errors, being slightly better than the HE-AM1 method. In all cases, the AM1 method shows considerable improvement over MNDO.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 709-718 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: The standard MM2 force field and program have been modified to include Si—O groups, the force constants being derived from ab initio wavefunctions, and using partial atomic charges calculated from the empirical algorithm CHARGE2. Molecular mechanics calculations have been carried out on disiloxane, dimethoxy-dimethylsilane, methyl silyl ether, and cyclotrisiloxane, and reasonable agreement has been obtained between the observed and calculated geometries. In addition, the energies obtained using the modified force field have been tested against experimental data on alkyl silanes where energetic and structural information is available. Again good agreement is obtained. The application of the force field to extended Si—O systems will also be discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 810-818 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: In this article, a modification of a procedure proposed by Zirrilli et al. for solving nonlinear equations is presented. The method permits the computation of minima and saddle points of energy functionals. The Müller-Brown test potential and the quantum chemical description of some proton transfer reactions are given as examples.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 803-809 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Small Sin and Aln clusters (n = 3-10) were studied with the semiempirical molecular orbital method (MO) method SINDO1. For each n, various structures were optimized to determine the most stable structure. To obtain good qualitative agreement with available ab initio calculations d orbitals had to be omitted from the basis set. Both silicon and aluminum tend to build three-dimensional structures rather than two- or one-dimensional structures, except for n = 3 or 4. The structure growth was studied by approaching various sites of stable structures with one or more atoms. It was found that silicon and aluminum exhibit different structure growth, and consequently, different most-stable structures. Ionization potentials, HOMO-LUMO energy differences, binding energies per atom, and average atomic valencies are presented.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 819-826 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Monte Carlo statistical thermodynamic computer simulations are reported for several clusters Fe+ (H2O)n at different temperatures and for a dilute aqueous solution of Fe+ at 298 K. The energy of each configuration has been calculated in the pairwise additivity approximation using the MCY potential for the water-water interaction and an ab initio analytical potential built by us for the Fe+-H2O interaction. Energy and structural analysis of the generated configurations lead to the prediction of a coordination number of six for the first hydration shell of the Fe+ ion, both in clusters and in dilute solution. Finally, the variation in the distance to the Fe+ ion of the energy and orientation of water molecules in the solution are discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 851-860 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: A force field has been developed for use in MM2 calculations of geometric and energy data for linear peroxides R1—O—O—R2 and tested in some of them (R1, R2 = H, Me, Et, Pri, But). The field obtained yield results that agree considerably better with experimental and ab initio data than those afforded by the only set of estimated parameters hitherto available.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 844-850 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: The determination of the vibration-rotation eigenvalues (for an electronic state of a diatomic molecule) is done using various algorithms, where the differential equation y″ + f(r)y = 0 (with given initial values yo and y′o at an origin ro) is to be integrated, that is, to be replaced by a “convenient” difference equation (DE). The best known are those of: Numerov (N), Runge-Kutta (RK), and the Taylor series expansion (TS). Each algorithm is commonly associated with an “appropriate” DE, and the conventional comparisons of algorithms and/or DE are often misleading. This work compares different DE used in the same algorithm for the same potential and with the same tests. It considers the mentioned conventional DE, and three nonconventional ones: Hajj et al. (HKN) [J. Comp. Phys., 16, 150 (1974)], Cash and Raptis (CR) [Comput. Phys. Commun., 32, 299 (1984)], and Kobeissi “integrals superposition” (IS) [J. Phys. B, 15, 693 (1982)]. A convenient test of these DE is presented and applied. It is shown that: (i) if ∊ is the average error by using Numerov DE, it is of 4∊ for RK, 2∊ for TS, ∊ × 10-3 for HKN, 4∊ × 10-4 for CR and ∊ × 10-6 for IS; (ii) if τ is the average computing time by using Numerov DE, it is of 2.9τ for RK, 3.4τ for TS, 1.5τ for HKN, 2.7τ for CR and 0.9τ for IS.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 836-843 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: The possible Cs, C2v, and C∞v structures of AlO2 corresponding to the two lowest electronic states which dissociate into the neutral Al(2P) and O2(3Σg-) fragments have been investigated at the ab initio self-consistent field (SCF) and CI levels using nonempirical pseudopotentials. The most stable structure corresponds to a C2v symmetry in the 2A2 electronic state. However, this structure presents the three-center three-electron Hartree-Fock instability and CASSCF calculations were necessary to unequivocally characterize it as true minimum. Moreover, only another stable structure, of C2v geometry, was found to be a minimum, corresponding to a low-lying excited state of 2A1 symmetry. The optimized C∞v structures were not minima on the corresponding potential energy surfaces and no evidence of any stable Cs structure was found. Calculating values are compared with the different experimental data obtained from the reaction of Al and O2 in frozen gas inert matrices.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 890-892 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: The multiple scattering Xα(R) method with the scaling parameter α expressed as a function of the internuclear distance is applied to the Li2, N2, and F2 molecules. Compared with the results obtained by the Xα method, the calculated Xα(R) equilibrium distances are smaller, the total energies are lower, and the dissociation energies are larger.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 9 (1988), S. 893-904 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: A method has been developed which uses a rapid connectivity-based calculation to give a reasonable approximation of CNDO σ and π charges for most carbons in saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. In this calculation an appropriately parameterized Del Re method is used to calculate the σ charges, and if the molecule is unsaturated, these charges are used to modify the diagonal elements in a Hückel matrix, reducing the normally exaggerated π charges. The CNDO charges are obtained from “single point” calculations, using optimized geometries derived from molecular mechanics. The Del Re/Hückel method is most reliable where steric and hyperconjugative effects are absent.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 1 (1980), S. 30-35 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: A number of cyclobutane derivatives containing one or more double bonds in endo- or exocyclic positions have been studied by the molecular mechanics method within the context of the MM2 force field. Generally speaking, the structures and energies of these compounds are well calculated in cases in which they are known experimentally and are predicted in others. Examples are shown of the use of the moments of inertia of molecules, which are known from microwave studies, in conjunction with molecular mechanics calculations to yield better structures than could be obtained by either method alone. Compounds examined include cyclobutene, methylenecyclobutane, Dewar benzene, and related compounds.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 1 (1980), S. 36-45 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: The variable-size simplex optimization method is used to reparametrize the I + A and β parameters of an INDO approximation to the perturbed Hartree-Fock calculation of 13C chemical shifts in hydrocarbons. The absolute shifts for 39 nuclei in a set of molecules containing up to four carbons are reproduced within a standard error of 9.9 ppm for an unconstrained optimization and to a standard error of 10.0 ppm for an optimization constrained to yield gross atomic charges in agreement with double-zeta ab initio calculations.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 70
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: A topological model which provides a unifying framework for chemical reactions and molecular structure is proposed. Such basic concepts as overlap, orthogonality, reaction continuity, reaction reversibility, and orbital correspondence are incorporated into the model in a logical fashion. A chemical reaction pathway is regarded as a function that transforms a reactant topological space into its equivalent product space. The unique character usually ascribed to reactants, products, and their wavefunctions is superfluous. The model also allows considerable approximation of the wavefunctions and the reaction pathway without affecting the overall result. A simple orbital mapping technique consistent with the model which traces the transformation of orbitals using intermolecular overlaps of the orbitals is also proposed. The suitability of a given pathway (“allowed” or “forbidden”) can be deduced explicitly without invoking symmetry (or other) rules and without resorting to detailed calculation of reaction energy surfaces. The validity of the mapping procedure has been confirmed by several thermal electrocyclic reactions: the ring-opening isomerizations of substituted cyclopropyl cations, cyclopropyl anion, cyclopropanone, cyclobutene, benzocyclobutene, Dewar benzenes, and 1,3-cyclohexadiene. Orbital mapping with EHT and CNDO/2 MOs correctly predicts the reaction stereochemistry (conrotatory or disrotatory) in every case.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 1 (1980), S. 46-58 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Current efforts to determine the nature of the interactions that influence protein folding involve, among other things, minimization of an appropriate empirical conformational energy function (ECEPP, Emprical Conformational Energy Program for Peptides) to obtain the native structure. Because of the prohibitive cost of such a massive computational project, either on a conventional large-scale machine at a self-supporting installation or on a dedicated minicomputer, an alternative computer hardware system has been developed to aid in the conformational analysis of proteins. It consists of a Floating Point Systems AP-120B array processor and a Prime 350 minicomputer host. A version of ECEPP has been adapted to run on the AP-120B. The data structures and algorithms chosen for this version reflect the highly unusual parallel architecture of this machine. Benchmark comparisons with BPTI (Bovine Pancreatic Trypsin Inhibitor), a protein of 58 residues and a known structure, have been carried out on this system as well as on an IBM 370/168. They show a significant advantage in speed for the AP-120B/Prime 350 system as well as a substantially lower cost. An energy minimization of BPTI with 154 variable dihedral angles is reported, an effort heretofore prohibited by the computer costs involved.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 1 (1980) 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 1 (1980), S. 205-228 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Four minimal Gaussian basis sets are generated for the second-row atoms Li through Ne. The first one, MINI-1, consists of a 3-term contraction of primitive Gaussian-type orbitals for 1s, 2s, and 2p atomic orbitals. The convenient shorthand notation would be (3,3) for Li—Be and (3,3/3) for B—Ne. The second one, MINI-2, can be represented by (3,3/4) for B—Ne. In the same way, MINI-3 is described as (4,3) for Li—Be, and MINI-3 and MINI-4 are represented by (4,3/3) and (4,3/4) for B—Ne, respectively. Although the four basis sets are the minimal type, they give the valence shell orbital energies which are close to those of DZ. These four and other sets derived from them are tested for the hetero- and homodiatomic molecules and some organic molecules. They are found to give the orbital energies that agree well with those given by extended calculations. Atomization energies and other spectroscopic constants are also calculated and compared with those of extended calculations. The results clearly indicate that the present basis sets can be used very effectively in the molecular calculations.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 1 (1980), S. 240-256 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: The optical activity of conjugated dienes is investigated by means of ab initio SCF-CI calculations. The computed electronic spectrum of trans-1,3-butadiene is shown to be in good agreement with the results of more rigorous calculations of the valence transitions and in satisfactory agreement with experiment. The optical rotatory strengths of the lower electronic transitions of twisted 1,3-butadiene as a function of dihedral angle are presented and simulated CD spectra are produced. The N → V1 (π2 → π3*) transition is predicted to have a positive rotational strength for all dihedral angles that correspond to a right-handed twist of the chromophore, in accord with the empirically deduced “diene rule” although for a twist angle of 60°, the rotatory strength is calculated to be almost zero. The role of the orientation of allylic bonds is investigated in the model system 1-butene in which the rotational strength of the π → π* transition as a function of rotation about the 2,3 bond is determined. The effect of allylic bond disposition in dienes on the optical activity of the long-wavelength π2 → π3* transition is simulated by use of the exciton coupling model of Harada and Nakanishi in which two 1-butene molecules with suitable geometries are coupled via interactions of the electric dipole transition moments of their π → π* transitions. The model systems 1,3-butadiene and 1-butene are used to rationalize the apparently anomalous optical activity of (-)-α-phellandrene and (-)-β-phellandrene, both of which should have a diene chromophore with a right-handed twist in their most stable conformers and so should be dextrorotatory. The experimental CD spectrum of α-phellandrene is determined at several temperatures down to -180°C. The observed variation of the apparent rotational strength of the N → V1 transition is in good agreement with that predicted by use of the exciton coupling model.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 1 (1980), S. 189-191 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: A MINDO/3 study of homoaromaticity in the 3-cyclobutenyl cation and the Mobius 3-cyclobutenyl anion has been used to evaluate cationic and anionic homoaromaticity quantitatively. π Homodelocalization energies of the two are found equal in isostructural planar comparisons. In planar optimized structures, the homodelocalization energy of the cation is slightly (about 4 kcal) greater than that of the anion, a consequence of the greater 1,3 distance in the latter. Full optimization produces a highly puckered and further stabilized cation, but engenders no change in the Mobius anion. The total stabilization of the cation relative to the anion is 13 kcal, in accord with the generalization that cationic homoaromaticity is more potent than the anionic variety. The fully optimized cation is revealed to actually have a much smaller π homodelocalization energy than the optimized anion, in contrast to the order of overall stabilities. σ-Nonclassical effects, which are stabilizing in the cation but destabilizing in the Mobius anion, provide the rationale for the above.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 1 (1980), S. 192-198 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: The energies of various conformations have been calculated by molecular mechanics for cis and trans isomers of 2,4,7,9-tetraoxabicyclo[4.4.0] decane and 3,5,8,10-tetraoxabicyclo[5.3.0]decane and their methyl derivatives. These molecules are models for reaction products from formaldehyde and the tetrols, pentitols, and hexitols. The conformational equilibria were analyzed for the cis-bicyclo [4.4.0] and cis-bicyclo[5.3.0] systems and compared with available experimental data. The thermodynamic stability of bicyclo[4.4.0] products was found to be higher than that of bicyclo[5.3.0] derivatives in the gas phase in every case studied. Discrepancies with experimental data that exist in a few cases can be ascribed to solvent effects.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 1 (1980) 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 78
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Ab initio molecular orbital theory is used to examine the effect of substituents on bond lengths in mono- and disubstituted methanes. The relative importance of electrostatic and orbital interaction terms are assessed. The results suggest that for substituents (X) which show powerful σ effects and weak π interactions (e.g., F), the changes in bond length are due primarily to the electrostatic component except in some disubstituted methanes in which case the change in the hyperconjugative ability of the C - X bond is also important. On the other hand, substituents X which show weak σ effects but powerful π interactions (e.g., NH2) affect bond lengths primarily through hyperconjugative interaction of a filled or vacant π-type orbital on X with the adjacent bonds.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 1 (1980), S. 334-340 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Equilibrium geometries, force constants, barriers to linearity, charge distributions, dipole moments, and electron spin density of HOO, HOS, HSO, and HSS radicals are calculated by CNDO/2 and INDO methods using respectively the original and some recently introduced scheme of parametrization. Three sets of calculations, namely, CNDO/2(sp), CNDO/2(spd), and INDO, are performed, and the results are compared with the ab initio and experimental values, wherever available. A good agreement is obtained for geometry in the case of CNDO/2 (sp) and INDO calculations. The performance of CNDO/2 (spd) calculations in this regard is quite unreliable. The stretching force constants are considerably overestimated by all the methods, while the bending force constants are in reasonable agreement with the ab initio values. With respect to dipole moments, the CNDO/2 values are in better agreement with the ab initio results than the INDO values. In all the cases, the dipole moment vector directions are in complete disagreement with the ab initio predictions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 1 (1980), S. 358-367 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: The localized molecular orbitals (LMOs) of thiophene, furan, and pyrrole are derived from ab initio 4-31G wavefunctions using Boys' criteria for localization. From the transferability point of view, these LMOs are classified as (i) completely different and nontransferable LMOs (these are the lone-pair orbitals on O and N on one hand and those on S on the other hand), (ii) chemically similar lone pairs and inner shells on O and N (of furan and pyrrole, respectively), and (iii) chemically equivalent C—C, C=C, and C—H LMOs in the three heterocycles. The sp3 hybridization of the L core of sulfur, its appreciable polarization, and considerable involvement in bonding in the C—S bond region have been discussed. The present investigation indicates the limitation of the application of semiempirical MO methods to molecules that contain second-row atoms due to both the appreciable core - valence and π-σ interactions involving such atoms. Qualitative investigation of aromaticity and reactivity of the studied heterocycles agrees satisfactorily with experimental observations and shows that conclusions drawn based solely on static factor considerations (charge distribution in the noninteracting molecules) might very well be misleading and such factors determine the ease rather than the final orientation of the substituent.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 1 (1980), S. 373-385 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Ab initio calculations with full geometry optimization have been carried out on the planar cCc, cTc, tTc, tCt, tTt, and cCt conformers of β-hydroxyacrolein using the 4-21G basis set, and on the cCc and cCt conformers using the 4-31G basis set. The hydrogen-bonded cCc conformer is the most stable and the cCt conformer the least stable, with the other conformers following the above sequence. β-Hydroxy substitution has scarcely any influence on the geometry of the trans-acrolein structure, whereas the geometry of the cis-acrolein structure shows significant changes which depend on whether the O—H group is cis or trans with respect to the CHO group about the C=C bond. The ΔET values for cis → trans isomerization about the C—C bond in cCt and cTc support the hypothesis that these changes in geometry are the result of a destabilizing interaction in cCt and a stabilizing interaction in cTc. The geometry of the hydrogen-bonded structure cCc sets it apart from all the other conformers: it has by far the longest C=C, the longest C=O, the longest O—H, the shortest C—C, and the shortest C—O. Its formation from cCt involves a lengthening of C=C, C=O, and O—H and a shortening of C—C and C—O, indicating a delocalization of charge within the ring. 4-21G calculations have also been made for a distorted cCt structure that has the same bond lengths and angles as the equilibrium cCc structure, and the distortion energy, cCt (equm. geom.) → cCt (distorted geom.), is found to be +13.1 kJ mole-1. Taking the energy of this distorted cCt structure as the baseline, the hydrogen-bonding energy in cCc is found to be  - 80.3 kJ mole-1.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 2 (1981), S. 87-95 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: The carboxylat anion, involved in the structure of numerous compounds of biological interest, participates in a number of intermolecular interactions involving water, cations, and other cellular constituents. A set of ab initio SCF computations have been carried out with an extended polarized basis set on HCOO-, its molecular electrostatic potential, and its interaction with Li+, Na+, K+, and H2O. The results are compared with those of a minimal good quality basis set. An evaluation of the basis set superposition error is made in the two basis as well as that of the contribution of the dispersion energy to the hydration. The analogies and differences in the nucleophilic character of the formate and the phosphate groups are discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 2 (1981), S. 73-82 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: The effect of the basis set superposition error (BSSE) on the calculated electronic structure of a molecular stacking complex is analyzed with the counterpoise correction method. The complex between para-hydroxyaniline (PHA) and formamidinium cation (FAM) is calculated ab initio with the STO-3G and Whitman-Hornback minimal bases, and with two split valence basis sets: 4-31G and STO-3G(D). When the counterpoise correction is applied, the charge redistribution in the PHA/FAM complex calculated with all four basis sets suggests that the complex is electrostatic in nature and that the main polarization is from the PHA toward FAM. The FAM cation is polarized away from the intermolecular region, thus causing further increase in the electrostatic interaction. This picture is not evident with the STO-3G related bases if the counterpoise correction is not applied. Thus, the BSSE in the charge redistribution is shown to be particularly large in the STO-3G basis and in the diffuse, split valence, STO-3G(D). Both these basis sets suffer from an inappropriate description of the core region. Where there is an improved description of the electron density in the core region, as in the calculations with the energy-optimized Whitman-Hornback basis and with the 4-31G basis, the counterpoise correction has only a very small effect on the charge redistribution. After the counterpoise correction is applied, the two minimal basis sets yield nearly identical charge redistribution results, as do the two split valence bases. It is therefore suggested that basis sets used in the calculation of molecular complexes might be classifiable according to criteria such as the degree of contraction and the quality of the description of angular polarization. This would help in the comparative evaluation of results obtained with different bases since minimal basis sets (or split valence bases) would become directly identifiable as groups yielding qualitatively similar results.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 2 (1981) 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 2 (1981), S. 149-156 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: The geometry and energy of tetra-tert-butylethylene have been determined by the molecular mechanics method. A twisting of the double bond by 45.5° was found. The ground state of the molecule should be a singlet. The calculated strain energy is higher than those of tri-tert-butylmethane and tetra-iso-propylethylene, but the possibility of synthesis of the compound is not excluded.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 2 (1981), S. 177-181 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: The empirical potential EPEN/2 has been used to establish the structures of isolated hydrogen-bonding ammonia clusters. The most stable forms of the dimer have a linear or near-linear structure. The trimer has a closed structure with zero dipole moment. Two stable tetramer forms were found: one with a closed structure and zero dipole moment in agreement with experimental findings, and one with a pyramidal structure with nonzero dipole moment which may be an artifact of the EPEN/2 potential. The relation of the dimer structures to the limited available experimental information is discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 87
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Hydrogen bonding of uracil with water in excited n → π* states has been investigated by means of ab initio SCF-CI calculations on uracil and water-uracil complexes. Two low-energy excited states arise from n → π* transitions in uracil. The first is due to excitation of the C4—O group, while the second is associated with excitation of the C2—O group. In the first n → π* state, hydrogen bonds at O4 are broken, so that the open water-uracil dimer at O4 dissociates. The “wobble” dimer, in which a water molecule is essentially free to move between its position in an open structure at N3—H and a cyclic structure at N3—H and O4 in the ground state, collapses to a different “wobble” dimer at N3—H and O2 in the excited state. The third dimer, a “wobble” dimer at N1—H and O2, remains intact, but is destabilized relative to the ground state. Although hydrogen bonds at O2 are broken in the second n → π* state, the three water-uracil dimers remain bound. The “wobble” dimer at N1—H and O2 changes to an excited open dimer at N1—H. The “wobble” dimer at N3—H and O4 remains intact, and the open dimer at O4 is further stabilized upon excitation. Dimer blue shifts of n → π* bands are nearly additive in 2:1 and 3:1 water:uracil structures. The fates of the three 2:1 water:uracil trimers and the 3:1 water:uracil tetramer in the first and second n → π* states are determined by the fates of the corresponding excited dimers in these states.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 2 (1981), S. 212-217 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Ab initio calculations with a minimal (STO-3G) basis set on a number of sulfur-containing molecules are used to show that Koopmans' theorem and minimal basis calculations may be a simple but adequate way of obtaining inner-shell ionization potentials and chemical shifts of large molecules. The x-ray photoelectron spectrum of (C6H5)2SNSO2C6H4CH3 is discussed with reference to an ab initio SCF minimal basis calculation on the model molecule H2SNSO2H.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 2 (1981), S. 225-230 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Ab initio molecular orbital (MO) calculations for two series of sulfur-oxygen compounds are reported: the S(IV) system of SO2, H2SO3, HSO3-, and SO32-, and the S(VI) system of SO3, H2SO4, HSO4-, and SO42-. Geometries about the sulfur atoms were optimized using the STO-3G* basis set; energies at these geometries were computed by the STO-3G and 44-31G basis sets both with and without five Gaussian d orbitals on S. The sulfur-oxygen bond lengths and the angles about the central atoms agree fairly well with experiment. The stabilization energy associated with the addition of the d orbitals was found to be a constant amount per bond (ca. 54 and 28 kcal mole-1 in the minimal and extended bases, respectively) in hypervalent compounds. The isomer HSO3- was predicted to be more stable than SO2(OH)-, but the reverse was true for HSO2(OH) compared to SO(OH)2. The deprotonation energies for the acids and the hydration energies for the oxides also were computed and discussed with reference to experimental data.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 2 (1981), S. 261-265 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Ab initio molecular orbital calculations are reported for H2S, its radical cation, and the H2SSH2+ radical cation. At the MP2/4-31G level the S—S three-electron bond is 2.85 Å long, and has a dissociation energy of 31.2 kcal mole-1. The performance of MNDO semiempirical molecular orbital theory is compared with the ab initio results.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 2 (1981), S. 251-260 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Ab initio SCF and SCF-CI calculations have been performed to investigate substituent effects on ground- and excited-state properties of 4-R-pyrimidines, and to compare these with substituent effects in 2- and 4-R-pyridines, with R including the π donating and σ withdrawing groups CH3, NH2, OH, F, and C2H3 and the σ and π electron-withdrawing groups CHO and CN. Substitution leads to significant changes in the internal angles of the pyrimidine ring, which are independent of the nature of the substituent. The geometry of the pyrimidine ring is more sensitive to substitution in the 4 position than the pyridine ring geometry is to substitution in either the 2 or the 4 position. The isodesmic reaction energies for substituent transfer from the 4 position of pyrimidine to the 2 or 4 position of pyridine indicate that all R groups except CN have a relative stabilizing effect in pyrimidine. The presence of a π donating group leads to an increase in the n→π* transition energy of 4-R-pyrimidines, while the π withdrawing group CN leads to a decrease in the transition energy relative to pyrimidine. Orbital energy differences and virtual excitation energies tend to correlate with n→π* transition energies of 4-R-pyrimidines with saturated R groups, but such correlations are masked by π conjugation, n orbital interaction, and configurational mixing when the unsaturated groups C2H3, CHO, and CN are present. The electronic effects of a π donating group are stronger when the group is bonded to pyrimidine than to pyridine, but those of a π withdrawing group are weaker when the group is bonded to pyrimidine.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 2 (1981), S. 347-355 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: The molecular spin-orbit coupling operator is brought into a simplified form through a convenient choice of origin for the orbital angular momentum operator. The eigenvalue problem of the Hamiltonian that includes the spin-orbit (SOC) operator as a perturbation is solved by means of a linear variational procedure in the basis of the spin-pure molecular eigenstates. Test calculations on benzophenone are presented and the results are compared to experiment. We discuss the minimal size of the spin-pure variational basis needed to achieve stable results as well as the amount of single-excitation configurational mixing needed to describe the spin-pure molecular eigenstates.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 2 (1981) 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 2 (1981), S. 376-383 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Quantum chemical calculations of polymers and solids, especially on an ab initio level, represent a large computational task and therefore necessitate efficient computing methods. This is particularly true for the oscillatory integrals appearing in such calculations. For these integrals efficient integration methods based both on the Chebyshev series and the spline representation of the nonoscillatory part of the integrand are considered; they are found far superior compared with more standard integration rules. In two- and three-dimensional systems, directions with maximum oscillatory behavior can be selected along which these new efficient integration techniques can be used advantageously. The ideas are illustrated by Hückel crystal orbital (HCO) bond orders for the polyacetylene chain and the graphite layer. In the latter example, also, a method for the integration of oscillatory integrands with a singularity is given.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 2 (1981), S. 402-409 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: A Monte Carlo algorithm, capable of simulating numerically the time and space dependence of chemical concentrations in a reacting system, is presented. This method is used to study the phenomenon of trigger waves in the Oregonator model of the Belousov-Zhabotinskii reaction, including the diffusion of species X and Y in one dimension. The results show that a small disturbance in a homogeneous mixture can grow into a chemical (trigger) wave propagating in space at constant velocity. The dependence of this velocity on several factors is studied, namely, initial concentrations, the diffusion of Y, and the stoichiometry of the autocatalytic step of the model. A comparison of the Monte Carlo results with a previous simulation also is discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 2 (1981), S. 416-421 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Ab initio SCF calculations with the STO-3G basis set have been performed to determine the structure and stability of a 6:1 water:uracil heptamer in which water molecules are hydrogen bonded to uracil at each of the six hydrogen-bonding sites in the uracil molecular plane. The structure of the heptamer describes a stable arrangement of these six water molecules, which are the primary solvent molecules in the first solvation shell, and is suggestive of the arrangement of secondary solvent molecules in that shell in the nonpolar region of the uracil molecular plane. The stabilization energy of the heptamer is 49.6 kcal/mol, or 8.3 kcal/mol per water molecule. The hydrogen bonds between uracil and water are the primary factor in the stabilization of the complex, although water-water interactions and nonadditivity effects are also significant.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 2 (1981), S. 422-432 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Ab initio SCF calculations with the STO-3G basis set have been performed to investigate substituent effects on the structures and stabilization energies of water:4-R-pyrimidine complexes, with R including CH3, NH2, OH, F, C2H3, CHO, and CN. Except for the cyclic water:4-aminopyrimidine complex hydrogen bonded at N3, these complexes have open structures stabilized by a nearly linear hydrogen bond formed through a nitrogen lone pair of electrons. When hydrogen bonding occurs at N3, the complexes may have planar or perpendicular conformations depending on the substituent, but when hydrogen bonding occurs at N1, the perpendicular is generally slightly preferred, and there is essentially free rotation of the 4-R-pyrimidine. Primary substituent effects alter the electronic environment at the nitrogens, and tend to make N3 a poorer site for hydrogen bonding than N1, primarily because of a stronger π electron-withdrawing effect at N3. However, the relative stabilities of complexes hydrogen bonded at N1 and N3 are also influenced by secondary substituent effects, which may be significant in stabilizing complexes bonded at N3. Substitutent effects on the structures and stabilization energies of the water:4-R-pyrimidine complexes are similar to substitutent effects in water:2-R-pyridine and water:4-R-pyrimidine complexes are similar to substitutent effects in water:2-R-pyridine and water:4-R-pyridine complexes. Configuration interaction calculations indicate that although absorption of energy by the pyrimidine ring destabilizes the water:4-R-pyrimidine complexes, these may still remain bound in the excited n → π* state. This is in contrast to the fate of open water:2-R-pyridine and water:4-R-pyridine complexes, which dissociate in this state.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 2 (1981), S. 460-469 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: The conformational behavior of the C-terminal neurotensin pentapeptide, Arg-Pro-Tyr-Ile-Leu OH [NT(9-13)], was investigated using empirical energy calculations. A special aim was to display the specific contribution of each residue to induce conformations able to interact with biological receptors. Restrictions were then introduced in intramolecular interactions involving the Arg side chain and the terminal COOH group. The stablest conformations include in the order of decreasing stability: a distorted helical form for the C-terminal tetrapeptide, a (Pro2-Tyr3) β turn I, an α helix, an extended form, and a (Tyr2-Ile3) β turn III, which are energetically rather close (ΔE 〈 3 kcal/mol). The NT(9-13) peptide appears then as a rather flexible molcule with a noteworthy ability of adaptation to a substrate. Extended forms would be in agreement with a zipper model of interactions with receptors, whereas folded forms involving helices and β, γ turns would support a lock and key model. The specific contribution of side chains, specially those of Tyr and Arg residues as well as the key position of the Pro residue emerge clearly from this study.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 99
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: Closed-shell SCF calculations on the ground states and direct SCF calculations on the ionized doublet states were carried out for a series of ten-electron hydrides. The correlation of ionization potentials with the degree of protonation and the nuclear charge has been studied for hole states derived from excitation out of both the core and valence molecular orbitals. Calculated proton affinities of the ground states and hole states derived from a given symmetry orbital show a similar trend to that of the ionization potentials.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 2 (1981), S. 446-459 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik
    Notizen: In this article an algorithm to generate self-avoiding chains fitting a predefined lattice is described. The lattice has to fulfill some mild conditions but can be one, two, or many dimensional. The chains are random in the sense that they are calculated in such a way that every chain fitting the lattice has the same chance to be constructed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 19 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
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