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  • Articles  (29)
  • Nitrification  (28)
  • Ecology
  • 1990-1994  (29)
  • Geosciences  (29)
  • Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of bamboo harvest on dynamics of nutrient pools, N mineralization, and microbial biomass in soil (1994)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 18 (1994), S. 137-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Microbial biomass ; Bamboo savanna ; N mineralization ; Nutrient pools ; Temporal variations ; Nitrification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effect of harvesting bamboo savanna on the dynamics of soil nutrient pools, N mineralization, and microbial biomass was examined. In the unharvested bamboo site NO inf3 sup- -N in soil ranged from 0.37 to 3.11 mg kg-1 soil and in the harvested site from 0.43 to 3.67 mg kg-1. NaHCO3-extractable inorganic P ranged from 0.55 to 3.58 mg kg-1 in the unharvested site and from 1.01 to 4.22 mg kg-1 in the harvested site. Over two annual cycles, the N mineralization range in the unharvested and harvested sites was 0–19.28 and 0–24.0 mg kg-1 soil month-1, respectively. The microbial C, N, and P ranges were 278–587, 28–64, and 12–26 mg kg-1 soil, respectively, with the harvested site exhibiting higher values. Bamboo harvesting depleted soil organic C by 13% and total N by 20%. Harvesting increased N mineralization, resulting in 10 kg ha-1 additional mineral N in the first 1st year and 5 kg ha-1 in the 2nd year following the harvest. Microbial biomass C, N and P increased respectively by 10, 18, and 5% as a result of bamboo harvesting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336460
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Urea losses in flooded soils with established oxidized and reduced soil layers (1990)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 9 (1990), S. 283-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Nitrogen transformations ; Flooded soil ; Nitrogen loss ; Nitrification ; Dentitrification ; Urea ; NH3 volatilization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Laboratory batch incubation experiments were conducted to determine in fate of urea-15N applied to floodwater of four rice soils with established oxidized and reduced soil layers. Diffusion-dependent urea hydrolysis was rapid in all soils, with rates ranging from 0.0107 to 0.0159 h-1 and a mean rate of 0.0131 h-1. Rapid loss of 53%–65% applied urea-15N occurred during the first 8 days after application, primarily by NH3 volatilization. At the end of 70 days, an additional 20%–30% of applied urea-15N was lost, primarily through nitrification-denitrification processes. The soil types showed significant differences in total applied urea-15 recovery. Conversion of urea-15N to N2-15N provided direct evidence of urea hydrolysis followed by nitrification-denitrification in flooded soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00634101
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Voucher specimens: A way to protect the value of your research (1990)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 9 (1990), S. 93-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Voucher specimens ; Biology ; Ecology ; Taxonomy ; Soil animals ; Soil biologist
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Voucher specimens ensure that the identity of organisms studied in the field or in laboratory experiments can be verified, and ensure that new species concepts can be applied to past research. Guidelines on the collection, preparation, and deposition of voucher specimens and means of referral to them are given. Type specimens and the nomenclature of species names are briefly described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335789
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potential variation of nitrogen transformations in pinyon-juniper ecosystems resulting from burning (1990)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 10 (1990), S. 35-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Pinus edulis ; Juniperus osteosperma ; Carbon ; Nitrogen ; Nitrification ; Microbial N ; N immobilization ; Fire ecology ; Nitrifying bacteria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Forest floor litter, duff, and underlying soils were assembled in laboratory microcosms representing pinyon, juniper, and interspace field conditions. Burning removed more than 95% of both N and C from the litter, with losses from the duff dependent on soil moisture conditions. No significant changes in total N or C were noted in the soil. Immediate increases were observed in soil NH inf4 sup+ , decreasing with depth and related to soil heating. The greatest increases were noted in both the pinyon and juniper soils that were dry at the time of the burn, with interspace soils exhibiting the least changes. Soil NH inf4 sup+ closely approximated the controls on day 90 after the burns in all treatments. Ninety days after the burn microbial biomass N was highest in the controls, followed by the wet and then the dry-burned soils, in both the pinyon and juniper microcosms. This was inversely related to the levels of accumulated NO inf3 sup- . Nitrifying bacteria populations were indirectly correlated to soil temperatures during the burn. Population levels 90 days after the burn showed increases in both the wet- and the dry-burn treatments, with those in the pinyon treatments exceeding those found in the nitial controls of pinyon soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336122
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Can acidification associated with nitrification increase available soil phosphate or reduce the rate of phosphate fixation? (1990)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 10 (1990), S. 145-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Nitrification ; Soil acidification ; Carbonate dissolution ; Available P ; Phosphate precipitation ; Intensive agriculture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary It is often proposed that soil acidification by microorganisms dissolves unavailable soil phosphates, especially crystalline Ca phosphates. Unavailable phosphates, it is suggested, could thus become available to crops. Microorganisms that oxidize one ammonium ion to one nitrate ion excrete two protons into the soil solution. In the present study, this universal biological process of soil acidification was used to measure, in neutral and calcareous soils, the effect of acidification on available soil phosphate and on the rate of phosphate fixation when water-soluble phosphate fertilizers are added to soils. During nitrification the Ca2+ and Mg2+ ion concentrations in soil solutions increase but the phosphate ion concentration remains constant. The excreted protons preferentially dissolve soil Ca and Mg carbonates. Soil Ca phosphates are not dissolved; they remain unavailable. When P fertilizers were applied, the rate of fixation of phosphate ions was not slowed down by acidification associated with nitrification. This biological acidification may have a long term effect, over many years, on the slow accumulation of available phosphate in soils under native grasslands, but it cannot have a significant effect on the availability of soil P under intensive agricultural practices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336251
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of pH on the release of NO and N2O from fertilized and unfertilized soil (1990)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 10 (1990), S. 139-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Denitrification ; Nitrification ; Chemodenitrification ; Ammonium ; Nitrite ; Nitrate ; Nitric oxide ; Nitrous oxide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary NO and N2O release rates were measured in an acidic forest soil (pH 4.0) and a slightly alkaline agricultural soil (pH 7.8) after the pH was adjusted to values ranging from pH 4.0 to 7.8. The total release of NO and N2O during 20 h of incubation was determined together with the net changes in the concentrations of NH 4 + , NO 2 − and NO 3 − in the soil. The release of NO and N2O increased after fertilization with NH 4 + and/or NO 3 − ; it strongly decreased with increasing pH in the acidic forest soil; and it increased when the pH of the alkaline agricultural soil was decreased to pH 6.5. However, there was no simple correlation between NO and N2O release or between these compounds and activities such as the NO 2 − accumulation, NO 3 − reduction, or NH 4 + oxidation. We suggest that soil pH exerts complex controls, e.g., on microbial populations or enzyme activities involved in nitrification and denitrification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336250
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decomposition of sawdust and bark treated with cellulose-decomposing microorganisms (1991)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 11 (1991), S. 105-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Compost ; Sawdust ; Bark ; Cellulolysis ; Ammonification ; Nitrification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The decomposition of coniferous sawdust and bark with added N and P was studied in relation to its capacity to serve as a substrate for plant growth. With sawdust as a substrate, there was more microbial biomass, greater CO2 evolution, more ammonification and more actinomycetes but less nitrification and less fungi compared with bark. All groups and activities were greater in sawdust and bark compared with soil used as the substrate. Inoculation with cellulolytic strains of Bacillus sp. Cephalosporium sp. and Streptomyces sp. sometimes increased these activities but only marginally. The derived sawdust and bark composts increased the yields of tomato compared with soil to which the same nutrients had been added.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336373
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variations in the rates of nitrification and denitrification during the growth of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) in soil with different carbon inputs and the effect of these inputs on soil nitrogen and plant yield (1991)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 11 (1991), S. 157-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Carbon ; Denitrification ; Immobilisation ; Mineralisation ; Nitrification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A potato crop (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Maris piper) was grown in a soil to which N was added, as NH4NO3, with or without added C, as sucrose or straw. Shortly after amendment the soil, in all treatments, contained only relatively low levels of mineral N. However, these levels increased later. The increase, which was greatest in the absence of added C and least with added sucrose, occurred before the emergence of the plant canopy. The addition of C to the soil had no effect on plant yield, measured either as dry matter or total N content. The potential nitrification rate was high early in the season, and decreased significantly as the plants developed. The potential denitrification rate showed two significant peaks in activity, possibly related to plant development, the first to the development of new roots and the second to root senescence. It seems probable that the amount of C released by the potato plants was only about one-quarter of that required for the maximum microbial activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336382
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of nitrification in soil by gaseous hydrocarbons (1991)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 11 (1991), S. 231-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Nitrification ; Hydrocarbons ; Methane ; Ethane ; Ethylene ; Acetylene ; Nitrosomonas europaea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Recent work has shown that gaseous hydrocarbons such as methane, ethane, and ethylene are competitive inhibitors of the monooxygenase enzyme responsible for oxidation of ammonia by chemoautotrophic nitrifying microorganisms such as Nitrosomonas europaea. Because methane, ethane, and ethylene are produced by microbial activity in soil, we studied the possibility that they may inhibit oxidation of ammonia by the nitrifying soil microorganisms. We found that all three of these gaseous hydrocarbons inhibited nitrification in soil and that their ability to inhibit nitrification decreased in the order: ethylene 〉 ethane 〉 methane. Ethylene was much more effective than ethane or methane for inhibiting nitrification of ammonium in soil, but it was much less effective than acetylene, and it seems unlikely that the amounts of ethylene produced in soils will be sufficient to cause significant inhibition of nitrification by soil microorganisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335773
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple gas chromatographic approach to evaluate CO2 release, N2O evolution, and O2 uptake from soil (1991)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 12 (1991), S. 1-4 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Microbial activity ; Gas chromatographic analysis ; Soil atmosphere ; N2O release ; CO2 evolution ; O2 uptake ; Denitrification ; Nitrification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary We have developed a simple method for the determination of gaseous compounds that reflect microbial activity in soil, as affected by factors such as the presence of an organic amendment (peat) or a variation in soil moisture. The method is based on a gas chromatographic analysis of the headspace of vials containing the soil under examination. A single gas chromatograph can detect up to 10 different gases. As expected, after peat was added to the soil, CO2 evolution and O2 uptake increased significantly. Positive relationships were found between the evolution of N2O, and soil moisture and the amount of peat added to the soil. Both the these variables influenced the CO2:O2 ratio. The results given by this method show high reproducibility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00369380
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