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  • Inorganic Chemistry  (3,613)
  • Chemical Engineering  (3,294)
  • SPACE SCIENCES
  • 1990-1994  (6,907)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SPC and the measurement process (1994)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 16 (1994), S. 71-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper presents the basic principles of SPC charts and how to employ SPC techniques in performing simple measurement accuracy and precision studies. Information on the concepts of variation, basic statistics, the normal distribution, and the central limit theorem are presented to set the foundation for SPC. With these concepts in place, it is possible to introduce the two SPC charts on which accuracy and precision studies can be based - individuals charts and X-bar charts. Many other types of control charts exist that are not described in this paper, specifically, control charts for attributes data. These are generally not applicable to measurement accuracy and precision studies, and numerous texts are available that sufficiently detail control charts for attributes data.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730160204
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The structure of highly oriented high modulus polyethylene (1992)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 32 (1992), S. 1316-1324 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A comparative study of the structure of uniaxially-oriented bulk samples of linear PE of various molecular weights over a wide range of draw ratios has been carried out by means of small and wide angle X-ray analysis, NMR-spectroscopy and DSC. The structure of oriented high molecular weight PE samples, prepared by drawing single crystal mats to draw ratios up to 200, have also been studied. A large number of unfolded tie-molecules have been found to exist in the trans-conformation in PE amorphous regions. These tie-molecules, which connect the adjacent crystallites along the axis of orientation, and are not large crystals, account for the high mechanical properties of these samples. It has been shown that in the course of the orientation process, chain unfolding in the amorphous regions is accompanied by the formation of continuous linear systems consisting of several coherent crystallites and tie-molecules. These are coherently aligned along the macromolecular axis.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760321720
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthese und Kristallstrukturen der Phosphanimin-Komplexe MCl2(Me3SiNPMe3)2 mit M = Zn und Co, und CoCl2(HNPMe3)2 (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 620 (1994), S. 431-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Phosphaneimine Complexes of Zinc and Cobalt ; Synthesis ; IR spectra ; Crystal Structures ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Syntheses and Crystal Structures of the Phosphaneimine Complexes MCl2(Me3SiNPMe3)2 with M = Zn and Co, and CoCl2(HNPMe3)2The molecular complexes MCl2(Me3SiNPMe3)2 (M = Zn, Co) have been prepared by the reaction of the dichlorides of zinc and cobalt with Me3SiNPMe3 in CH3CN and CH2Cl2, respectively, whereas the complex CoCl2(HNPMe3)2 has been prepared by the reaction of CoCl2 with NaF in boiling acetonitrile in the presence of Me3SiNPMe3. All complexes were characterized by IR spectroscopy and by crystal structure determinations. The complexes MCl2(Me3SiNPMe3)2 crystallize isotypically.ZnCl2(Me3SiNPMe3)2: Space group P212121, Z = 4, 2677 observed unique reflections, R = 0.024. Lattice dimensions at -70°C: a = 1243.6; b = 1319.0; c = 1464.7 pm.CoCl2(Me3SiNPMe3)2: Space group P212121, Z = 4, 3963 observed unique reflections, R = 0,071. Lattice dimensions at -80°C: a = 1236.3; b = 1317.4; c = 1457.6 pm.CoCl2(HNPMe3)2 · CH2Cl2: Space group Pbca, Z = 8, 1354 observed unique reflections, R = 0.055. Lattice dimensions at -80°C: a = 1247.3; b = 998.4; c = 2882.4 pm.All complexes have monomeric molecular structures, in which the metal atoms are coordinated in a distorted tetrahedral fashion by the two chlorine atoms and by the nitrogen atoms of the phosphaneimine molecules.
    Notes: Die Molekülkomplexe MCl2(Me3SiNPMe3)2 (M = Zn, Co) entstehen aus den wasserfreien Dichloriden von Zink und Cobalt mit Trimethylsilyl-trimethylphosphanimin in Dichlormethan bzw. Acetonitril, während der Trimethylphosphanimin-Komplex CoCl2(HNPMe3)2 aus CoCl2 mit Natriumfluorid in Gegenwart von Me3SiNPMe3 in siedendem Acetonitril gebildet wird. Die Verbindungen werden durch ihre IR-Spektren und durch Kristallstrukturanalysen charakterisiert. Die Komplexe MCl2(Me3SiNPMe3)2 (M = Zn, Co) sind miteinander isotyp.ZnCl2(Me3SiNPMe3)2: Raumgruppe P212121, Z = 4, Strukturlösung mit 2677 beobachteten unabhängigen Reflexen, R = 0,024. Gitterkonstanten bei -70°C: a = 1243,6; b = 1319,0; c = 1464,7 pm.CoCl2(Me3SiNPMe3)2: Raumgruppe P212121, Z = 4, Strukturlösung mit 3963 beobachteten unabhängigen Reflexen, R = 0,071. Gitterkonstanten bei -80°C: a = 1236,3; b = 1317,4; c = 1457,6 pm.CoCl2(HNPMe3)2 · CH2Cl2: Raumgruppe Pbca, Z = 8, Strukturlösung mit 1354 beobachteten unabhängigen Reflexen, R = 0,055. Gitterkonstanten bei -80°C: a = 1247,3; b = 998,4; c = 2882,4 pm.Alle Komplexe haben monomere Molekülstrukturen, in denen die Metallatome verzerrt tetraedrisch von den beiden Chloratomen und den N-Atomen der beiden Phosphaniminmoleküle koordiniert sind.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19946200305
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isomerisierung bei der Komplexbildung von 3-Acetyl-tetramsäure: Struktur und magnetische Eigenschaften des CuII- und NiII-Komplexes von 2,7-Bis(1′, 5′, 5′-trimethylpyrrolidin-2′, 4′-dion-3′ -yl)-3, 6-diazaocta-2, 6-dien (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 614 (1992), S. 87-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chelating agent: CuII and NiII complex ; complexation ; relaxation times ; 13C-n. m. r. ; magnetic properties ; X-ray analysis ; structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Isomerization at the Complexation of 3-Acetyltetramic Acid: Structure and Magnetic Properties of the CuII- and NiII-Complex of 2,7-Bis (1′, 5′, 5′ -trimethylpyrrolidin-2′,4′ -dion-3′ -yl)-3,6-diazaocta-2,6-dien2,7-Bis(1′, 5′, 5′ -trimethylpyrrolidin-2′, 4′ -dion-3′ -yl)-3,6-diazaoctadien formes CuII and NiII complexes with different constitutions (because of the Z/E isomerization). Results of X-ray analysis of N,N′ -ethylenbis(1′, 5′, 5′ -trimethylpyrrolidin-2′, 4′ -dion-3′ -acetiminato)nickel(II) 1 respectively -copper(II) 2 shows, that the complexing agent in 1 occurs in the E-form, whereas the ligand of the CuII complex forms the Z-form. Magnetic susceptibility and shift effects of the 13C-NMR signals point to a weak paramagnetism of the NiII complex. ESR-spectra are obtained from 2 only. Furthermore, the CuII complex reduces the relaxation times T1 and T2 of 1H and 17O nuclei spins from water. From the temperature dependence of the shortening of the relaxation times an activation energy is calculated which describes the reorientation of the copper complex in the “water matrix”.
    Notes: 2,7-Bis(1′, 5′, 5′ -trimethylpyrrolidin-2′, 4′ -dion-3′ -yl)-3,6-diazaocta-2,6-dien bildet aufgrund der Z/E-Isomerisierung als Ligand CuII- und NiII- Komplexe unterschiedlicher Konstitution. Die Ergebnisse der Röntgenstrukturanalyse von N,N′ -Ethylen-bis- (1′, 5′, 5′ -trimethylpyrrolidin-2′, 4′ -dion-3′ -acetimina-to)-Nickel-(II) 1 bzw. -Kupfer-(II) 2 zeigen, daß bei 1 der Ligand in der E-Form hingegen beim Kupferkomplex in der Z-Form vorliegt. Die magnetische Suszeptibilität und die Verschiebungseffekte der Ligandensignale in den 13C-NMR-Spektren deuten einen schwachen Paramagnetismus des Nickelkomplexes an. EPR-Spektren konnten nur vom Kupferkomplex 2 erhalten werden. Des weiteren verkürzt 2 die Relaxationszeiten T1 und T2 der Kernspinzustände von 1H und 17O des Wassers. Aus der Temperaturabhängigkeit der Relaxationszeitverkürzung wird eine Aktivierungsenergie berechnet, die zur Beschreibung der Reorientierung des Kupferkomplexes in der „Wassermatrix“ dient.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19926140816
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    γ-anti-Effekt an 1-Phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-Derivaten mit Substituenten am Phosphor. Synthese und Struktur von Pentacarbonyl(1-phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan)chrom (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 610 (1992), S. 127-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: γ-anti effect ; 1-phosphabicyclo 3.3.1 nonane derivatives ; pentacarbonylchromium complex ; structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: γ-Anti Effect in 1-Phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Derivatives with Substituents at Phosphorus. Synthesis and Structure of Pentacarbonyl(1-phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) ChromiumIn 1-phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane derivatives of the composition C8H15P(X) the CC-conformation always dominates. Changes in the chemical shifts of the bridge-head carbon atom C(5) in the 13C-NMR spectrum are only originated by the electronic influence of the substituent X at the phosphorus centre. Based on a homogeneous interpretation of the electronic interactions and with regard to Pearsons's definition of electronegativity the electronegativities of substituents at the phosphorus atom X = Cr(CO)5, Fe(CO)4, and Ni(CO)3 are estimated. These groups are placed in antiperiplanar orientation to the carbon atom C(5).The molecular structure of (1-phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]-nonane) Cr(CO)5 3 was elucidated by X-ray diffraction analysis. The molecule features the 1-phosphabicyclononane ligand in the CC-conformation, which has a nearly undistorted Cr(CO)5 unit coordinated to the phosphorus atom (d Cr—P = 2.368(1) Å).
    Notes: Bei 1-Phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-Derivaten C8H15P(X) dominiert stets die CC-Konformation. Änderungen der chemischen Verschiebung des C(5)-Brückenkopfatoms im 13C-NMR-Spektrum werden alleine durch den elektronischen Einfluß des Substituenten X am Phosphoratom hervorgerufen. Auf der Grundlage einer einheitlichen Interpretation der elektronischen Wechselwirkungen und unter Anwendung des Elektronegativitätsbegriffs von Pearson konnte die Elektronegativität der in antiperiplanarer Position zu C(5) stehenden Phosphorsubstituenten X = Cr(CO)5, Fe(CO)4, Ni(CO)3 abgeschätzt werden.Die Molekülstruktur von (1-Phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]-nonan) Cr(CO)5 (3) wurde mittels Röntgenbeugung ermittelt. Das Molekül zeigt das Bild eines 1-Phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonans in der CC-Konformation, an dessen Phosphoratom eine nahezu unverzerrte Cr(CO)5 Einheit (d Cr—P = 2,368(1) Å) koordiniert ist.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19926100121
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Stereoselektivität der intramolekularen Diels-Alder-Reaktion von 1,7,9-Decatrien-3-onen zu Octalonderivaten (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 123 (1990), S. 363-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Diels-Alder reaction, intramolecular / 1,7,9-Decatrien-3-ones / Octalone derivatives / Siloxycyclopropanes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Stereoselectivity of Intramolecular Diels-Alder Reactions of 1,7,Q-Decatrien-3-ones to Octalone Derivatives2-Alkenyl-substituted 2-siloxycyclopropanes 1 and 2 serve as protected enone equivalents and are converted into key building blocks 5-8 in excellent yields. After desilylation and ring cleavage these compounds provide 1,7,9-decatrien-3-ones 9-12, which undergo smooth intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction at room temperature or approximately 100°C. The resulting octalone derivatives 13-16 are formed with exclusive or preferred cis connection of the rings. The relative configurations of the cycloadducts are secured by equilibration experiments and NMR spectroscopy (selective proton decouplings). For 11 → 15 and 12 → 16 the cis selectivitiy can remarkably be enhanced by trifluoroacetic acid catalysis. This high noninduced diastereoselectivity is caused by the endo approach of the reactive molecular sites, whereas the configuration of the third stereogenic centre (C-2) is determined by the folding of the linking carbon chain. Preference of a boat conformation with equatorial ester group endo-Beq may be assumed and appears to be general for intramolecular cycloadditions of such trienones. This effect as well as the influence of further substituents at the diene or dienophile portion on stereoselectivity and the reactions of other model compounds are discussed.
    Additional Material: 8 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19901230223
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PVC-based polymer blends: A review of the methods of study (1993)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 15 (1993), S. 132-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Since blending or alloying can provide new PVC-based materials with tailor-made properties, it would be interesting to review the general methods of studying this topic. This paper deals with the thermodynamics and miscibility testing methods of PVC-based blends. Although a large amount of literature has been published dealing with PVC blends, special attention is given here to significant examples of the most common and some unusual methods that lead to understanding the basic scientific features of these systems.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730150305
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Emulsion polymer technology. By Robert D. Athey, Jr., Marcel Dekker, New York, 1991, 320 pp., $110.00 (U.S. and Canada), $125.50 (other countries) (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1305-1306 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380822
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthese und Kristallstruktur von Quecksilber(II)-N,N′-bis(trimethylsilyl)benzamidinat, Hg[Ph—C(NSiMe3)2]2 (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 596 (1991), S. 47-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Mercury-N,N′-bis(trimethylsilyl)benzamidinate ; synthesis ; i.r. spectrum ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Mercury(II)-N,N′-bis(trimethylsilyl)benzamidinate, Hg[Ph—C(NSiMe3)2]2The title compound has been synthesized by the reaction of N,N,N′-tris(trimethylsilyl)benzamidine with mercury(I)-acetate in boiling acetonitrile because of redox disproportionation, forming white crystal needles, which were characterized by IR spectroscopy as well as by an X-ray structure determination. Space group P1; Z = 2; 6846 observed unique reflections; R = 0.048. Lattice dimensions at -90 ° C: a = 1091.9, b = 1212.8, c = 1433.5 pm; α = 106.89°, β = 109.25°, γ = 90.62°. The compound forms a nearly centro-symmetric molecule structure with sp-hybridized Hg atom (r Hg—N = 207 pm).
    Notes: Die Titelverbindung entsteht bei der Reaktion von N,N,N′-tris(trimethylsilyl)-benzamidin mit Quecksilber(I)-acetat in siedendem Acetonitril durch Redox-Disproportionierung in Form weißer Kristallnadeln, die durch das IR-Spektrum und durch eine röntgenographische Kristallstrukturanalyse charakterisiert werden. Raumgruppe P1, Z = 2, 6 846 beobachtete unabhängige Reflexe; R = 4, 8%. Gitterabmessungen bei -90 °C: a = 1091,9; b = 1212,8; c = 1433,5 pm; α = 106,89α β = 109,25°; γ = 90,62°. Die Verbindung bildet eine nahezu zentrosymmetrische Molekülstruktur mit sp-hybridisiertem Hg-Atom (r Hg—N = 207 pm).
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19915960107
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Kristallstruktur von [Cl3PNPCl3][VOCl4] (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 591 (1990), S. 137-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Crystal Structure of [Cl3PNPCl3][VOCl4]The title compound was obtained from VOCl3 and [Cl3PNPCl3]Cl in CH2Cl2, it was characterized by its IR spectrum and by an X-ray crystal structure determination. Space group Pbca, Z = 8,689 observed reflexions, R = 0.100 (high R value due to the presence of two intergrown crystal individuals). Lattice parameters at -72°C: a = 981.0(5), b = 1578.9(8), c = 1974(1) pm. The compound consists of Cl3PNPCl3+ ions (PNP angle 138(2)°) and VOCl4- ions having a nearly tetragonal-pyramidal structure (bond length VO 161(2) pm, mean bond angle OVCl 101.0(9)°).
    Notes: Die Titelverbindung wurde aus VOCl3 und [Cl3PNPCl3]Cl in CH2Cl2 hergestellt und durch das IR-Spektrum und eine röntgenographische Strukturanalyse charakterisiert. Raumgruppe Pbca, Z = 8, 689 beobachtete unabhängige Reflexe, R = 10% (hoher R-Wert wegen Verwachsung von zwei Kristallindividuen). Gitterabmessungen bei -72°C: a = 981,0(5), b = 1578,9(8), c = 1974(1) pm. Die Verbindung besteht aus Cl3PNPCl3+-Ionen (Bindungswinkel PNP 138(2)°) und Anionen VOCl4- mit annähernd tetragonal-pyramidaler Struktur (Bindungslänge VO = 161(2) pm; Bindungswinkel OVCl im Mittel 101,0(9)°).
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19905910115
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