ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Articles  (56,423)
  • Springer  (56,423)
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • 1990-1994  (56,423)
  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (46,467)
  • Economics  (9,956)
Collection
  • Articles  (56,423)
Keywords
Years
Year
Journal
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 16 (1991), S. 59-74 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: Unemployment Insurance ; Risk Sharing ; Social Security
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Two models of spot labor markets are presented in which labor suppliers have heterogeneous attitudes towards effort and in which uncertainty prevails on labor productivity and growth. The problem of selecting efficient rules to manage unemployment insurance (UI) systems is considered. We show that there does not exist any system which combines an efficient allocation of labor with an efficient allocation of risks among employees, unemployed workers and capital-owners. Pareto-efficient policy rules are a best compromise between these two conflicting objectives. It implies that productive efficiency could be improved in periods of mass unemployment by reducing UI benefits. That would be at the expense of more inefficiencies in the sharing of macroeconomic risks. At the optimum, the UI benefit is positively correlated to growth and it is negatively correlated to labor productivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 16 (1991), S. 137-138 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 16 (1991), S. 139-141 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 16 (1991), S. 143-165 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: Social Insurance ; Redistribution ; Incentives
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract We extend the familiar income taxation model à la Mirrlees, so as to include income uncertainty, due for instance to a risk of illness. Following a line of research initiated by Blomqvist and Horn [1984] we prove that the existence of a Social Health Insurance system may be justified even when the insurance market is efficient. Moreover, if there is a negative statistical dependence between probability of illness and labor productivity, then the optimum of a Utilitarianist Social Welfare function implies that Social Insurance provides a complete coverage for every household.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 16 (1991), S. 167-177 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: Risk Taking ; Taxation ; Complete Conventional Securities Markets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract In general equilibrium, with complete conventional securities markets and endogenous asset supply, taxes on risk remuneration are ineffective but harmless. They do not alter the real allocation of goods or the distribution of wealth, they impose no excess burden, and, in particular, have no impact on risk taking.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 17 (1992), S. 7-191 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: Risk ; Insurance Demand ; Deterministic Transformations ; Stochastic Dominance ; Expected Utility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract The consequences of a change in a random parameter are determined for a decision model with more than one source of randomness. The two cases of independent and stochastically dependent sources of risk are discussed. Four comparative static theorems are given. These state the effect of first degree stochastically dominant shifts or risk decreases for one random variable while the other random variable is held fixed. Deterministic transformations are used to represent random parameter changes. The results are presented in the context of the coinsurance demand model with a risky insurable asset and background risk.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 17 (1992), S. 21-33 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: Insurance Demand ; Multiple Sources of Risk ; Comparative Statics ; Increases in Risk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we propose an answer to the following problem of comparative statics in models with multiple sources of risk: How a risk averse agent will change his coinsurance demand when the distribution of the insurable loss is shifted? To answer the question, we first comment on Jack Meyer's results and then we show how an alternate approach leads to more definitive comparative statics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 17 (1992), S. 35-60 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: Ambiguity ; Pricing ; Actuaries ; Decision Processes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper reports on the results of a questionnaire study of pricing decisions made by professional actuaries when the probabilities of a loss are either ambiguous or nonambiguous. Theoretical hypotheses derived from the expected utility model were compared with the implications of procedures described by practicing actuaries. Actuaries were asked to act as consultants to a computer manufacturer concerning the price of a warranty. The suggested prices were considerably higher when probabilities were ambiguous than when they were well-specified. These pricing decisions were consistent with the procedures described by actuaries but inconsistent with predictions from expected utility theory when the risks are perfectly correlated. Further insight into the actual decision process is provided by interviews with actuaries and an analysis of comments written on the questionnaire forms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 17 (1992), S. 61-75 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: Saving ; Borrowing ; Increases in Risk Aversion ; Increases in Risk ; Multivariate NonExpected Utility Model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract We adopt the multivariate non-expected utility approach proposed by Yaari [1986] to provide a characterization of the comparative statics effects of greater risk aversion and of mean-preserving increases in risk on saving and borrowing in the presence of income and interest rate risk. We show that in Yaari's model, it is possible to extend the applicability of the Diamond and Stiglitz [1974] and Kihlstrom and Mirman [1974] (DSKM) single-crossing property to establish a relationship between greater risk aversion and saving (or borrowing) on the basis of the individual's ordinal preferences as long as the two risks are independent. We also demonstrate that the comparative statics effects of a joint mean-preserving increase in random income and interest rate on saving and borrowing can be determined by an extension of the DSKM single-crossing property.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 15 (1990), S. 5-16 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 15 (1990), S. 73-79 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract When assets are nominal, non-informative rational expectations equilibria exist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 18 (1993), S. 103-105 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 15 (1990), S. 55-71 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract We recast the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) in the broader context of general equilibrium with incomplete markets (GEI). In this setting we give proofs of three properties of CAPM equilibria: they are efficient, asset prices lie on a “security market line”, and all agents hold the same two mutual funds. The first property requires a riskless asset, the latter two do not. We show that across all GEI only one of these three properties of equilibrium is generally valid: asset prices depend on covariances, not variances. We extend CAPM to many consumption goods in such a way that all three properties hold. But now the definition of a riskless asset depends on preferences and endowments, and so cannot be specifieda priori.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 15 (1990), S. 115-139 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 15 (1990), S. 81-109 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Market coordination breakdowns can be formulated in terms of Incomplete Market Structures, whatever is the assumption made about market power (monopoly or competition). When the assumption of competition is made, and financial assets generate an incomplete market structure, there are, generically, an infinite number of equilibria. It is shown that after embedding the model of incomplete markets in a more general model based on the absence of double coincidence of wants, a game theoretic concept of equilibrium, like the Core, allows us to prove an equivalence theorem, i.e. to show that indeterminacy is caused by the fact that the returns of financial assets have no direct utility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 15 (1990), S. 159-169 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Conventional liability rules do not lead to a first best allocation. Optimal bilateral risk control can be achieved by not compensating any losses and, in addition, charging each party a fine equal to the loss suffered by the other party. In this way, each party internalizes the full accident loss. This paper investigates the properties of this “double liability” rule under risk neutrality and risk aversion of the parties. Finally the use of this rule in the context of multiple-party accidents is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 15 (1990), S. 141-157 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we present a partial economic equilibrium model of the labor market in which we maximize the workers' expected discounted utility level, while implying a zero expected profit for the firms. The model we use for the labor market takes into consideration transitions between the various states of employment and the time periods spent in each state. The probability distribution of these time periods may be arbitrary, not restricted to being exponential, as is the case for ordinary time-continuous Markov processes. The basic principles and difficulties arising from monitoring problems and moral hazard are discussed. In order to analyze unemployment insurance schemes that include incentives for workers to avoid unemployment, we depart from the simplest form of the principle of equivalence in insurance. Several different alternatives are discussed, all giving rise to partial insurance and thus incentives. We also analyze the effects that early retirement have on unemployment. Here, we include social security benefits in the economic model. Finally, we show that the optimal solutions entail quantity rationing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 15 (1990), S. 171-192 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract A peculiar feature of insurance is its marketing through a variety of channels about whose performance rather little is known. This paper examines two of the more important variants prevailing in Continental Europe, exclusive and independent agencies (the latter typically having contractual relationships with several companies). Two types of contract governing their behavior are examined for their incentives in terms of growth and cost control. Data covering insurance agencies of both types operating in the Swiss market are used to test for differences while holding constant contract provisions operating on the revenue side. The hypothesis that exclusive agents are less concerned about cost control than independent agencies receives a large measure of confirmation, while no evidence of better performance both in terms of growth and loss ratio can be found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 15 (1990), S. 193-202 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Conclusion Jacques Drèze has participated significantly in many fields of economic analysis. The book we have reviewed is limited to his main contributions to the economics of uncertainty and information. It is rich in ideas, models, and results for graduate students and researchers who are interested in this now basic dimension of economic analysis. We hope that its publication will permit the public at large to better appreciate the importance of its author's contributions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 16 (1991), S. 75-102 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 16 (1991), S. 45-58 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: Default Risk ; Reliability ; Risk Aversion ; Risk Management
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper examines the three main tools of risk management in a setting where reliability cannot be guaranteed. Thus, for example, insurers might be insolvent, sprinkler systems might be inoperative and alarm systems might be faulty. These types of nonreliability are shown to have significant consequences for risk management. In particular, the relationships between increased risk aversion and the use of the various risk management tools do not carry over from models with full reliability. Moreover, the well-known result of Ehrlich and Becker, that market insurance and selfinsurance are substitutes, is shown to fail in the presence of nonreliability risk.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 16 (1991), S. 7-43 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: Multivariate Risk Aversion ; Uninsurable Risks ; Global Interpersonal Comparisons of Attitudes Towards Risk ; Multivariate Risk-Sharing ; Expected Utility ; Non-Expected Utility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract The objective of this paper is to develop conditions for global multivariate comparative risk aversion in the presence of uninsurable, or background, risks, and thus generalize Kihlstrom and Mirman [1974] and Karni [1979,1989]. We analyze von Neumann-Morgenstern (VNM) utility functionsas well as smooth preference functionals which are nonlinear in distribution but locally linear in probabilities. In each case we provide an economic application which illustrates how our theorems can be used. We analyze a risk sharing, a portfolio choice, and a labor supply problem for VNM utility functions, and the optimal allocation of effort to risky technologies in the presence of a random supply (or quality) of a public good for nonlinear preference functionals. We consider thecase where the random variables are mean-independent as well as the case where they are independent. In the labor supply application for VNM utility functions, we show that if the two risks are independent, the comparative statics effect of greater risk aversion on labor supply in the presence of a background non-wage income risk is determined by a monotonic relationship between labor supply and the wage rate under certainty. That is, we extend the applicability of the Diamond-Stiglitz [1974]-Kihlstrom-Mirman [1974]single-crossing property to the case where an independent background risk is present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 16 (1991), S. 113-131 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 16 (1991), S. 133-135 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 16 (1991), S. 201-203 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 16 (1991), S. 179-200 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: Divisia Index ; Productivity ; Insurance ; Translog
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This research provides (bilateral) divisia and multilateral divisia indexes of output, input, and productivity for the property-liability (P-L) insurance industry for the following countries: United States, West Germany, Switzerland, France, and Japan. The time period studied is 1975 to 1987. The results indicate that considerable diversity exists among different countries, with Japan showing the weakest productivity growth. The United States and West Germany are associated overall with high productivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 15 (1990), S. 17-46 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Traditional analyses with incomplete markets take the securities that are traded as exogenous. In this paper we endogenize the market structure by considering incentives to introduce (costly) options exchanges which issue derivative securities. The method of financing the exchange is critical in determining whether the market structure is socially efficient. If the exchange can charge fees to all agents and make every agent's participation a necessary condition for establishing the exchange then the market structure chosen in equilibrium is efficient. However, if either of these conditions is not satisfied then an inefficient market structure may be chosen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 15 (1990), S. 47-53 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract The traditional pricing methodology in finance values derivative securities as redundant assets that have no impact on equilibrium prices and allocations. This paper considers a model with incomplete markets in which the valuation of derivative securities cannot be treated independently from the valuation of the primary securities. The model constitutes a framework for the analysis of the consequences of financial innovation (creation of new contracts or modification of existing contracts). We provide a numerical counterexample to the popular belief that financial innovations that increase the volatilities of traded securities are “bad”. In this example the introduction of an option increases the volatility of the rate of return on the underlying stock, yet the creation of this asset is unanimously supported by investors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 17 (1992), S. 77-851 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: Preventive Investment ; Employment Level ; Occupational Injuries ; Compensation ; Firm Strategy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper an economic model of the firm's behaviour is presented, examining the interrelationship between prevention activities and employment level. A competitive firm with a fixed capital stock is considered. Two decisions must be made: the level of employment of homogeneous workers (L) and the level of prevention activities (I). Although many simplifying assumptions are adopted, the impact of wage rate and compensation level on both decision variables is sign ambiguous. Moreover the case where injured workers are irreplaceable is more difficult than its counterpart with perfect substitutability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 17 (1992), S. 137-145 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: Insurance ; Commitment ; Subsidy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Consumers who believe that government will provide them with some public medical care, even if they did not purchase medical insurance, may choose to purchase no such insurance. The amount of medical care consumed will then be less than the first-best optimum. Under specified conditions government can then increase the welfare of consumers by subsidizing insurance, or by providing public health care at a more generous level than the minimum it would otherwise give.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 17 (1992), S. 147-158 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: Self-Protection ; Expected Utility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract We investigate the possibility of ordering expected utility-of-wealth maximizers according to their propensities to purchase self-protection. We define one agent as “more cautious” than another (toward a loss of specific size given a specific initial wealth) if the first agent would spend more on self-protection than the other, so long- as the technological relationship between spending and loss probability belongs to a broad class of functions. We show that the expected-utility-of-wealth model does not allow for the possibility that one agent could be “more cautious” than another.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 17 (1992), S. 93-136 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: Reinsurance ; Exchange Equilibrium ; Intertemporal Economic Model ; Market Marginal Utility Process ; Densities for Stochastic Processes ; Random Measure ; Marked Point Processes ; Dynamic Optimization ; Term Structure of Interest Rates ; Incomplete Models ; Non-Proportional Treaties
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we present an economic equilibrium analysis of a reinsurance market. The continuous-time model contains the principal components of uncertainty; about the time instants at which accidents take place, and about claim sizes given that accidents have occurred. We give sufficient conditions on preferences for a general equilibrium to exist, with a Pareto optimal allocation, and derive the premium functional via a representative agent pricing theory. The marginal utility process of the reinsurance market is represented by the density process for random measures, which opens up for numerous applications to premium calculations, some of which are presented in the last section. The Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations of individual dynamic optimization are established for proportional treaties, and the term structure of interest rates is found in this reinsurance syndicate. The paper attempts to reach a synthesis between the classical actuarial risk theory of insurance, in which virtually no economic reasoning takes place but where the net reserve is represented by a stochastic process, and the theory of equilibrium price formation at the heart of the economics of uncertainty.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 17 (1992), S. 159-169 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: Multivariate Risk Aversion ; Intertemporal Substitution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Researchers often assume that preferences over uncertain consumption streams are representable by $$E\left[ {\left( {{1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 \gamma }} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} \gamma }} \right)\sum\limits_{t = 0}^x {\delta ^t \tilde c_t^\gamma } } \right]$$ , where $$\tilde c_t $$ , is (random) period t consumption. It is moreover often asserted that estimates of γ cannot be unambiguously interpreted, since the quantity 1 − γ measures both relative risk aversion and the reciprocal of the elasticity of substitution. Clearly, this ambiguity arises only if 1 − γ indeed measures risk aversion. Although changes in γ cannot reflect changes in risk aversion according to standard definitions of comparative multivariate risk aversion, we show that γ is rationalizable as a risk aversion measure provided that the “acceptance set” of sure prospects is restricted. We also show, however, that there is essentially no relationship between changes in γ and optimal consumption, even in a simple two period model; this finding casts doubt upon the interpretation of γ as a risk aversion measure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 17 (1992), S. 171-179 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: Demand for Insurance ; Risk Aversion ; First-Degree Stochastic Dominance Shifts ; Mean-Preserving Shifts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper is an extension of Jack Meyer's paper titled “Beneficial Changes in Random Variables Under Multiple Sources of Risk and Their Comparative Statics” published in the June 1992 issue of this journal. The extension consists of showing which of the sufficient conditions in Meyer's Theorems 1 and 3 are also necessary, and which are not. In addition, conditions are provided which are necessary and sufficient for general beneficial changes to imply a decrease in the demand for insurance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 18 (1993), S. 7-30 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: Insurance ; Intermediation ; Finance ; with Profits Policies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper is concerned with the role of the insurance company as a financial intermediary which offers securities to uninformed retail investors. The search costs of retail investors cause the demand for the securities offered by intermediaries to be inelastic, making possible an intermediary spread, the difference between the returns on primary securities and the rates offered on the secondary securities sold by intermediaries. It is argued that the intermediary spread is economically significant, and a simple model of its determination is offered: the spread is shown to be an increasing function of interest rates. The bonus policy of life insurance companies is analyzed and is shown to be inefficient under simple assumptions about asset returns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 18 (1993), S. 31-53 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: Advice quality ; Brokers' commissions ; Life assurance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract The paper examines the implications of the commission system for the price of life assurance products and the quality of advice provided by brokers. The competitive equilibrium is shown to be neither first best nor second best efficient. The sources of the inefficiencies are examined and the effects of policy measures considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 18 (1993), S. 55-76 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: Capital Income Taxation ; Optimal Taxation ; Risk-Taking
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract A simple portfolio model is used to examine the efficiency effects of capital income taxes when the economy faces aggregate risk. To achieve a first best optimum the use of state contingent lump sum taxes is required. Through the tax policy the riskiness of total consumption is partly assigned to the private consumption and partly to the public consumption. State independent income taxes may generate a misallocation of risk and distort the allocation of resources between assets. The second best optimum, representing a trade-off between these inefficiencies, is characterized. Uniform taxation is shown to be optimal only in very special cases. Finally, the second best optimality rule for public consumption is extended to the case of uncertainty.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 18 (1993), S. 77-91 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: Regulation ; Insurance ; European Economic Community
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract It is the stated objective of the European Commission to open hitherto protected industries to international competition by the end of 1992. To this end, national governments have ceded regulatory authority over insurance to the Commission. Rather surprisingly however, the Commission in its turn appears to delegate this authority to insurance associations in EEC member countries. In this contribution, an attempt is made to explain why a supranational government might take the dual decision not to wield newly-won powers and to choose industry associations rather than governments as its partners in the regulatory process. The paper also sheds some light on the implications of such delegated regulation both for the Commission and insurers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 18 (1993), S. 93-101 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: Freedom of Services ; Demand Diversion ; Demand Creation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract We study entry in markets which are characterized by adverse selection. The analysis is motivated by the introduction of freedom of services in insurance markets at the European Community (EC) level. We assume that entrants in each domestic market (large multinational firms) are more efficient due to scale/scope economies but suffer an informational disadvantage. Incumbent firms, on the other hand, have perfect information about risks but incur higher production costs. We show there may exist competitive equilibria in which both types of firms coexist. The idea is that each technology trades-off production costs with information costs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 18 (1993), S. 111-130 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: Deposit Insurance ; Option Pricing ; Asset Liability Management ; Interest-Rate Risk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Using a pricing formula for options on coupon bonds (Jamshidian [1989], El Karoui and Rochet [1990]) we are able to compute the actuarial pricing of deposit insurance for a commercial bank. Our formula takes into account the maturity structure of the bank's balance sheet, as well as market parameters such as the term structure of interest rates and the volatilities of zero coupon bonds. The relation with asset liability management methods is explored.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 18 (1993), S. 131-146 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: Self-Insurance ; Self-Protection ; Rank-Dependent Utility ; Limited Liability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper studies the comparative statics of self-insurance and self-protection for individuals with rank-dependent expected utility preferences. In particular, proportional wealth risks, background risk, and limited liability are considered. Limited liability has a major impact on self-insurance and self-protection. It can reverse seemingly robust comparative static results for the case of self-insurance and can eliminate some puzzling ambiguities for the case of self-protection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 18 (1993), S. 147-171 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: Adverse Selection ; Corporate Insurance ; Signaling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we examine the insurance decision of a firm with private information regarding its cash flows and insurable losses. We show that, even in the absence of bankruptcy costs and information production by insurers, the firm's attempts to hedge its information risk can induce it to demand insurance. If higher operating revenues are accompanied by a lower insurance risk, the firm will choose to self-insure. In contrast, if higher operating revenues are accompanied by a higher insurance risk, the firm will demand insurance. In fact, if its insurable losses are relatively small, the firm will fully insure its losses. Further, if there exists considerable uncertainty regarding the firm's insurance risk, the level of coverage demanded by the firm is dependent on its private information, with higher levels of coverage signaling favorable information regarding the firm's future operations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 18 (1993), S. 173-182 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: Adverse Selection ; First Best ; Information ; Loss Severity ; Nash Equilibrium ; Observability ; Second Best ; Self-Selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract With information asymmetry between contracting parties, adverse selection may result. A separation may be achieved if low-risk types can signal their identity—for example, by selecting from a menu of price-quantity contracts. In such models, signaling is costly and solutions are, at best, second best. These models characterize risk types by differences in the probability, rather than in severity, of the costs they impose. However, when severity differences also are considered, first best solutions become feasible. We identify the circumstances in which costly separating equilibria prevail and those in which full-information equilibria can be attained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 18 (1993), S. 183-184 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 18 (1993), S. V 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 19 (1994), S. 7-21 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: Economics of the art market ; price index ; financial markets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Art is priceless, but paintings, and other objects, have been sold on markets since the time of the Roman Empire. In this paper, we describe a method for constructing a price index for paintings and compare this index to the indices of various financial markets. In particular, we discuss whether the price of art is related to financial markets, whether the art market is weakly efficient, and whether it is more or less risky than financial markets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 19 (1994), S. 35-51 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: Preventive investment ; occupational injuries ; compensation ; risk-aversion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper analyzes the behavior of a competitive risk-averse firm that has to choose the optimal level of labor and preventive safety measures. If the firm's injury function includes a random component, then the firm is characterized by a lower demand for labor and by a higher demand for safety measures with respect to a firm whose injury risk is completely under its control. The comparative statics show that shifts in the parameters of the risk distribution will have effects that depend on the absolute risk-aversion functions. The introduction of safety standards will prompt a reduction in the demand for labor while a tightening of the compensation system will have ambiguous effects on the demand for the two inputs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 19 (1994), S. 53-72 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: Life insurance ; asset-liability management ; solvency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we develop a contingent claim model to evaluate the equity and liabilities of a life insurance company. The limited liability of shareholders is explicitly modelled. We focus on a specific type of life insurance policy—namely, the profit-sharing policy. In this policy, the policyholder is entitled to a guaranteed interest rate and a percentage of the company's yearly financial revenues. The implicit equilibrium interest rate and profit-sharing ratio are derived and analyzed. We finally discuss regulatory measures frequently encountered in the life insurance business such as rate ceilings, capital ratios, and asset restrictions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 49
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 19 (1994), S. 23-34 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: Insurance demand ; multiple sources of risk ; compulsory insurance ; standard risk aversion ; prudence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract The assumption usually made in the insurance literature that risks are always insurable at the desired level does not hold in the real world: some risks are not—or are only partially—insurable, while others, such as civil liability or health and workers' injuries, must be fully insured or at least covered for a specific amount. We examine in this paper conditions under which a reduction in the constrained level of insurance for one risk increases the demand of insurance for another independent risk. We show that it is necessary to sign the fourth derivative of the utility function to obtain an unambiguous spillover effect. Three different sufficient conditions are derived if the expected value of the exogenous risk is zero. The first condition is that risk aversion be standard—that is, that absolute risk aversion and absolute prudence be decreasing. The second condition is that absolute risk aversion be decreasing and convex. The third condition is that both the third and the fourth derivatives of the utility function be negative. If the expected value of the exogenous risk is positive, a wealth effect is added to the picture, which goes in the opposite direction if absolute risk aversion is decreasing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 19 (1994), S. 73-76 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 51
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 19 (1994), S. I 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 52
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 19 (1994), S. 93-95 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 53
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 19 (1994), S. 97-99 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 54
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 19 (1994), S. 81-92 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: Social insurance ; Redistribution ; Welfare state
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper first discusses the standard reasons why private insurance cannot be expected to function well and why public intervention in or public provision of insurance can improve on private market outcomes. These arguments are based on efficiency but also on equity considerations. Then the paper turns to new developments in modern societies that might affect the balance between social and private insurance. They pertain to the current working of labor markets, to the openness of our economies and the ensuing fiscal competition, and to the crediblity and commitment problems faced by the state. The paper concludes that the public sector will find it less and less affordable to provide both insurance and assistance and recommends that it focus on the latter objective by awarding tax-financed uniform benefits on the basis of specified contingencies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 55
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 19 (1994), S. 101-117 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: Reinsurance ; Profit taxation ; Optimal risk sharing ; Solvency ratios
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract We introduce profit taxation in Borch's [1962] model of a competitive insurance market. We analyze the impact of taxation on equilibrium prices and characterize the cases where optimal risk sharing is preserved. In the case of Constant Relative Risk Aversion (CRRA) utility functions, this abstract characterization is translated into simple conditions involving the solvency ratios of the companies. The case of Constant Absolute Risk Aversion (CARA) utility functions is also studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 56
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 19 (1994), S. 119-137 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: Financial guarantees ; Default risk ; Interest-rate risk ; Credit enhancement ; Private and public guarantees ; Deposit insurance ; Contingent claims analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract We extend the financial guarantee insurance literature by modeling, under stochastic interest rates, private financial guarantees when the guarantor potentially defaults. By performing numerical simulations under plausible parameters values, we characterize the differential impact of the incorporation of stochasticity of interest rates on the valuation of both public and private guarantees.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 57
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 19 (1994), S. 153-156 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 58
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 19 (1994), S. 139-152 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: Insurance policy characteristics ; insurance claims ; asymmetric information
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract The problem of establishing the amount of losses covered by public and private insurance is often characterized by asymmetric information, in which the claimant already knows the extent of a loss but this can be demonstrated to the insurer only at a cost. It is shown that a simple arrangement, which provides greater coverage whenever individuals demonstrate high losses, gives claimants an excessive incentive to establish the amount of their losses. This paper determines what insurance claims process, consistent with the form typically employed in existing insurance arrangements, is optimal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 59
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    OR spectrum 12 (1990), S. 24-24 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 60
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    OR spectrum 12 (1990), S. 42-42 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 61
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    OR spectrum 12 (1990), S. 25-34 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The Complex-Method of linear programming is a tool in computer aided planning and Decision-Support-Systems. This method qualifies the management for finding bottlenecks and disproportions and for computing optimal productivity by means of optimal variation of the production-, prices- and salesconditions. The paper describes its philosophy of application and the algorithms. The Complex-Method demands an effective Human-Computer-Dialogue, its software KOLIOP at personal computer is discussed. Finally experiences and an example are given.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Komplexmethode der linearen Optimierungist ein Instrument der interaktiven computergestützten Planung und Entscheidungsvorbereitung. Mit ihr kann in den Unternehmen die Erfüllbarkeit betriebswirtschaftlicher Zielvorgaben durch eine schrittweise Berechnung optimaler Modellverbesserungen analysiert und somit eine mathematisch begründete Entscheidungsvorbereitung gegeben werden. Die Komplexmethode befähigt die Unternehmensführung, Engpässe und Disproportionen aufzudecken und mit gezielten Veränderungen der Produktions-, Preis- und Absatzbedingungen den größtmöglichen Produktionseffekt zu ermitteln. In dieser Arbeit wird ihre Anwendungsphilosophie und Algorithmierung erläutert. Die Komplexmethode nutzt effektiv den Mensch-Computer-Dialog im Planungsprozeß, ihre rechentechnische Realisierung mit der Software KOLIOP auf Personal-computer wird vorgestellt. Anwendungserfahrungen und ein Anwendungsbeispiel beschließen die Arbeit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 62
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    OR spectrum 12 (1990), S. 1-23 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary This paper gives a review of some new developments in the field of economic quality control achieved since 1980. The main results are a generally applicable approach to optimal control of production processes together with the derivation of powerful and at the same time simple methods to solve the problem of determining the optimal control procedure for a given situation, and the development of a new generation of economic single sampling plans for product control, which take into consideration the nowadays tightened process control and consequently improved quality of incoming lots.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Dieser Artikel gibt eine Übersicht über einige neue Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der wirtschaftlichen Qualitätskontrolle. Die Hauptresultate sind ein allgemein anwendbares Konzept zur optimalen Prozeßkontrolle zusammen mit der Herleitung leistungsstarker und zugleich einfacher Methoden zur Bestimmung optimaler Kontrollpläne für eine gegebene Situation und die Entwicklung einer neuen Generation von einfachen Stichprobenplänen für die Produktkontrolle, die die heutige, schärfere Prozeßkontrolle und damit die verbesserte Qualität der angelieferten Warenpartien berücksichtigt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 63
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    OR spectrum 12 (1990), S. 35-41 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird ein stochastisches Modell für die Zirkulation eines wiederverwendbaren Materials untersucht. Dabei wird angenommen, daß zu festen Zeitpunktenn=1,2,... NachfragenX n auftreten, von denen am Ende der jeweiligen Periode ein fester Prozentsatz zum Verteiler zurückkehrt. Ein Beispiel ist das Pfandflaschensystem. WennX 1,X 2,... unabhängige, identisch verteilte Zufallsvariablen sind undY n die Menge des bereits verwendeten, aber wieder einsetzbaren Materials zur Zeitn bezeichnet, bildet (Y n)n ⩾ 1 eine Markovkette, die im einzelnen untersucht wird. Für gleichmäßig oder exponentiell verteilteX n wird die Grenzverteilung vonY n explizit bestimmt; im exponentiellen Fall werden auch geschlossene Formeln für die Verteilungsfunktion vonY n hergeleitet.
    Notes: Summary A stochastic model for the circulation of restorable materials is presented. A fixed portion of the material which is distributed at then-th time instant is assumed to be returned at the end of then-th period and can thereafter be redistributed. LetX n be the quantity needed at timen. If theX n are i.i.d. random variables, the accumulated amountY n of returned material forms a Markov chain which is analyzed in detail. For uniform and exponentialX n the asymptotic distribution ofY n is found explicitly. In the exponential case also closed formulas for the distribution function ofY n are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 64
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    OR spectrum 12 (1990), S. 50-50 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 65
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    OR spectrum 12 (1990), S. 59-59 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 66
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    OR spectrum 12 (1990), S. 43-49 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The contribution describes a complex man-machine-simulation-model. It simulates what happens, if on an oligopolistic one-product-market four companies make their decisions on the basis of decision-support-systems and act accordingly. The simulation model comprises as a first part the reaction model of a business game. This model computes the in-firm and market reactions as consequences of the decisions of these companies. A second component are the players of the game representing the enterprise managements. They make their decisions by using a decision-support system (DSS), the third element of the simulation model. The DSS has modules for planning, prognosis, optimization, providing of information, help as well as end user tools for their further development.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der Beitrag beschreibt ein komplexes Mensch-Maschine-Simulationsmodell. Simuliert wird, was geschieht, wenn vier Unternehmungen auf einem oligopolistischen Einproduktmarkt Entscheidungen auf der Basis von Entscheidungsunter-stützungssystemen fällen und entsprechend handeln. Das Simulationsmodell enthält erstens das Reaktionsmodell eines Unternehmensspiels. Dieses bildet die betrieblichen und marktlichen Reaktionen auf die Entscheidungen der Unternehmungen ab. Zweiter Bestandteil sind die, die Unternehmensleitungen repräsentierenden, Spielgruppen. Sie fällen ihre Entscheidungen unter Verwendung eines Entscheidungsunterstützungssystems (EUS), dem dritten Bestandteil des Simulationsmodells. Dieses EUS enthält Moduln zur Planung, Prognose, Optimierung, Informationsbeschaffung, Hilfe sowie Endbenutzerwerkzeuge zu deren Weiterentwicklung.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 67
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    OR spectrum 12 (1990), S. 60-60 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 68
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    OR spectrum 12 (1990), S. 51-58 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The project VULCAN is developing “Virtual Companies as a Teaching and Research Network” to support the training and analysis process at business schools. For the connection of these companies at different locations future solutions in office communication systems are used basing on the German Research Netzwork (DFN), where substantial financial support came from. At five universities companies are established which only exist in the computers but react like real ones except there is no warehouse and no production. There is no simulation of activities but only reaction on the base of data input and common used real life software for different concerns of business administration.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Im Forschungsprojekt VULCAN (Virtuelle Unternehmen als Lehr- ForsChungs- und AusbildungsNetz) wurde in dreijähriger Laufzeit ein Unternehmensverbund aufgebaut, der die universitäre Ausbildung und Forschung unterstützen soll. Dabei wurden zukunftsweisende Lösungen der Bürokommunikation auf der Basis der DFN-Dienste eingesetzt. Bis zum 31.12.1989 wird das Projekt aus öffentlichen Mitteln durch den DFN-Verein (Verein zur Förderung eines Deutschen Forschungsnetzes e.V.) finanziert. In Zusammenarbeit von fünf Universitäten in Deutschland wurde unter Einsatz von Standard- und Individualsoftware ein Verbund von Firmen entwickelt, die lediglich im Computer existent sind, also nicht am realen Markt auftreten. Sie unterscheiden sich von realen Unternehmen jedoch lediglich durch das Fehlen von realen Produkten, Lager- und Produktionsstätten. Die Unternehmen werden nicht in ihrem Verhalten am Markt simuliert, sondern es werden alle für ein Unternehmen wesentlichen betriebswirtschaftlichen Funktionen mit Hilfe eines Rechners real ausgeführt! Die Kommunikation zwischen den Unternehmen erfolgt papierlos mittels der DFN-Basisdienste.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 69
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    OR spectrum 12 (1990), S. 61-62 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 70
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    OR spectrum 12 (1990), S. 62-62 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 71
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    OR spectrum 12 (1990), S. 63-66 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 72
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    OR spectrum 12 (1990), S. 78-78 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 73
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    OR spectrum 12 (1990), S. 67-77 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The paper surveys recent developments in Group Decision Support Systems. We first consider a basic hierarchical model widely found in the literature, which distinguishes between individual and group processes. Using this model, we identify different classes of support for both levels and discuss the corresponding systems presented in the literature. We then consider non-hierarchical approaches, mainly those based on a joint problem evaluation by the group and explicit feedbacks between group and individual levels. From the issues raised in this survey, we then identify some topics for further research.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über neuere Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der Entscheidungsunterstützenden Systeme für Gruppen. Ausgehend von einem hierarchischen Modell, das zwischen individuellen Entscheidungsprozessen und Prozessen der Gruppenebene unterscheidet, werden zunächst unterschiedliche Formen der Unterstützung auf diesen beiden Ebenen sowie Systeme zu deren Realisierung betrachtet. Daran anschließend werden Ansätze zur Integration der beiden Teilprozesse wie Gruppen-Evaluationen und Rückkopplungen zwischen Gruppen- und Individualebene vorgestellt. Den Abschluß bildet ein Überblick über weiterführende Forschungsbereiche.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 74
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    OR spectrum 12 (1990), S. 102-102 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 75
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Algorithmen zur Erzeugung von Nebenbedingungen zur Identifizierung von Facetteninduzierten Ungleichungen, die von der Optimallösung der aktuellen LP-Relaxation verletzt werden, werden häufig benutzt, um ganzzahlige Optimierungsprobleme zu lösen. Für kapazitierte Standortprobleme hat Barcelo kürzlich bereits rechnerisch die Güte eines solchen Algorithmusses getestet. Hallefjord und Jörnsten haben gezeigt, wie diese Algorithmen zu besseren Schranken führen können, wenn sie mit Lagrange-Relaxationen anstelle von klassischen LP's benutzt werden. Wir beschreiben einen heuristischen Lagrange-Relaxationsalgorithmus für das kapazitierte Standortproblem, der in jeder Iteration den dualen Raum erweitert, indem zur dualen Lagrange-Funktion eine neue, für das Ausgangsproblem gültige Ungleichungen addiert wird. Diese Ungleichung wird aus der aktuellen Teillösung erzeugt. Beispiele und numerische Ergebnisse sind angefügt.
    Notes: Summary Constraint generation procedures for identifying facet-induced inequalities violated by the optimal solution to the current LP relaxation have been widely used to solve integer programming problems. For capacitated plant location problems, Barcelo has recently tested computationally the performance of one such procedure. Hallefjord and Jörnsten have shown how these procedures can lead to better bounds when used with Lagrangean relaxations instead of the classical LP ones. We describe a Lagrangean relaxation heuristic algorithm for the capacitated location problem that in each iteration expands the dual space by adding to the dual Lagrangean function a new valid inequality for the problem generated from the current partial solution. Examples and computational results are included.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 76
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    OR spectrum 12 (1990), S. 108-108 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 77
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    OR spectrum 12 (1990), S. 103-107 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Arbeit untersucht Eigenschaften der Normalenvektoren der im interaktiven Vektoroptimierungsverfahren von Fandel angewendeten Hyperebenen. Die Arbeit wurde durch ein numerisches Beispiel von Rietveld angeregt. In diesem Beispiel kann die Hyperebene zur Bestimmung einer effizienten Lösung nicht angewendet werden. Einige sich daraus ergebende Schlußfolgerungen für das Vektoroptimierungsproblem werden abgeleitet. Weiterhin werden zwei Möglichkeiten zur Fortsetzung des Verfahrens von Fandel bei Auftreten dieses speziellen Falles diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary The paper investigates properties of the normal vectors of hyperplanes, applied in the interactive vector optimization method of Fandel. This work was inspirated by a numeric example of Rietveld. In this example the corresponding hyperplane can not be used for the determination of an efficient decision. For this case we will give some conclusions concerning the properties of the vector optimization problem. Furthermore we propose two possibilities to continue the interactive method of Fandel if at the determination of the hyperplane this special case occurs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 78
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In dieser Arbeit beweisen wir eine gemeinsame scharfe worst-case Fehlerschranke für die bekanntesten in der Literatur beschriebenen effizienten Heuristiken zur Lösung des Steiner-Baum-Problems unter rektilinearer Metrik.
    Notes: Summary We derive in this paper a tight worst case upper bound for the performance ratio of the most efficient heuristics known in the literature for the minimum rectilinear Steiner tree problem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 79
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    OR spectrum 12 (1990), S. 112-112 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 80
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    OR spectrum 12 (1990), S. 89-101 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The structure of queueing models is characteristic for many situations in production planning; queueing networks give a good picture of situations arising in this context. There are, however, only few applications of such models in this area. This may be due to a certain discrepancy between the goals of production planning and the assumptions of queueing theory: Models relevant for production planning assume that at least interarrival times are exponentially distributed; on the other hand, traditional models of production planning aim at a regular flow of material through the production process. New fields of application of queueing models are opened, however, by recent developments of Hierarchical Production Planning: To avoid revisions of plans caused by discrepancies between goals defined on higher levels of tactical planning and potentials of the operative level, effective capacities have to be considered before sequencing and scheduling of orders are accomplished. In order to estimate idle times and other reductions of effective capacities, wellknown results of queueing theory, e.g. networks of queues, can be used. In many cases, the assumption of exponentially distributed interarrivaland servicetimes, which are essential for the solution of these models, can be justified, as routings and processing times of individual orders as well as mixture of orders are still unknown in the time of tactical planning.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Grundstruktur von Warteschlangenmodellen ist für viele Situationen der Produktionsplanung typisch. Insbesondere Warteschlangen-Netzwerke bilden typische Strukturen von Produktionsprozessen ab. Dennoch finden sich in diesem Bereich relativ wenige Anwendungen solcher Modelle. Dieses Defizit dürfte auf eine gewisse Antinomie zwischen den Zielen der Produktionsplanung und den Voraussetzungen der Warteschlangentheorie zurückzuführen sein: Einerseits setzen die für die Produktionsplanung relevanten Modelle der Warteschlangentheorie voraus, daß zumindest die Zwischenankunftszeiten exponentialverteilte Zufallsgrößen sind, andererseits streben die traditionellen Ansätze der Produktionsplanung gerade einen regelmäßigen Materialfluß im Produktionsprozeß an. Mögliche Anwendungen derartiger Modelle ergeben sich jedoch im Rahmen neuerer Ansätze der hierarchischen Produktionsplanung: Um zu vermeiden, daß Diskrepanzen zwischen Vorgaben der übergeordneten taktischen Ebene und den Möglichkeiten des operativen Vollzugs auftreten und nachträgliche Planrevisionen erzwingen, müssen die Netto-Kapazitäten der untergeordneten Ebenen berücksichtigt werden, ehe die Ablaufplanung auf diesen Ebenen begonnen wurde. Für eine ex ante Abschätzung der ablaufbedingten Leerzeiten und anderer Kapazitätsreduktionen können bekannte Ergebnisse der Warteschlangentheorie, insbesondere über Warteschlangen-Netzwerke herangezogen werden. Die zur Lösung derartiger Ansätze erforderlichen Annahmen der Unabhängigkeit und der Exponentialverteilung der Zwischenankunfts- und Bedienungszeiten können in vielen Fällen als Näherung gerechtfertigt werden, da im Zeitpunkt der taktischen Planung weder die genaue Auftragszusammensetzung noch der konkrete Produktionsablauf und die mit den Aufträgen verbundene Arbeitslast einzelner Maschinen bekannt sind.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 81
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    OR spectrum 12 (1990), S. 147-153 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ein Modell für Mehrpersonen-Mehrkriterien-Entscheidungsprobleme wird vorgeschlagen, indem jedes Individuum charakterisiert wird von einem Gewicht und gleichzeitig von einem Kriterien-Vektor. Eine Familie von Lösungen, parameterisiert von einem Parameter, wird entwickelt, wobei bestimmte Lösungen in dieser Familie bestimmten statistischen Konzepten entprechen. Unser Ansatz weist Parallelen mit dem Ansatz der Potentialfunktion in der Physik auf.
    Notes: Summary A model for multiperson multicriteria decision making is proposed, in which each individual is characterized by a weight together with a vector expressing that individual's position or preferences with respect to a number of criteria. Next, a one-parameter class of solutions is developed, of which specific members bear a strong resemblance to concepts from statistics. Our approach is related to the potential function approach in physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 82
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    OR spectrum 12 (1990), S. 162-162 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 83
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    OR spectrum 12 (1990), S. 155-161 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird ein Algorithmus entwickelt, der die Zahl von Biegungen in einem Fließband minimiert. Der Algorithmus kann mit vorhandenen Layoutplanungsmethoden kombiniert werden.
    Notes: Summary An Algorithm to minimize the number of bends in a production line is developed. This algorithm can be combined with existing methods to lay out industrial plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 84
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    OR spectrum 12 (1990), S. 180-180 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 85
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    OR spectrum 12 (1990), S. 173-179 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Produktion von Flüssigstahl bei den ARBED-Werken (Luxemburg) verursacht monatliche Kosten in Höhe von 50 Millionen US-$ und wird seit Jahren mit Hilfe eines LP-Modells optimiert. Dieses Model hat sich während der letzten Jahre schnell weiterentwickelt. Verschiedene Standard-softwares wurden eingesetzt und der allgemeine Modellaufbau veränderte sich zu wiederholten Malen. Der Aufsatz untersucht den heutigen Modelaufbau aus der Sicht des Endbenutzers mit besonderer Betonung auf den Kriterien Mächtigkeit, Benutzerfreundlichkeit und Anpassungsfähigkeit.
    Notes: Summary Liquid steel production at ARBED S.A. (Luxembourg) involves expenditure of US-$ 50 million per month and has been the subject of an optimization model for many years. During the last few years this model has rapidly evolved. Different basic softwares were tried and the general design of the model underwent repeated changes. This report examines the actual state of the model from a design perspective and tries to draw some lessons on what makes a model easy to use, flexible and powerful.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 86
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    OR spectrum 12 (1990), S. 163-172 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary This paper concerns optimal strategies for fighting chronic diseases, the main cause of death and disability in the industrialized world. Its focus is on the dynamics of multiple health programme cycles (e.g. screening cycles) up to a finite time horizon. Multiple cohorts are considered simultaneously. There may be overall and period-specific constraints for multiple resource categories. The underlying time frame is discrete. Our nonlinear-programming model has a linear objective function and quadratic constraints.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Betrachtet wird das Problem der strategisch optimalen zeitlichen Auslegung eines Programms zur Bekämpfung chronisch-degenerativer Erkrankungen, der Hauptursache für Leid und Tod in den Industrieländern. Von zentralem Interesse ist hier die Dynamik mehrerer Programmzyklen (z. B. von Filteruntersuchungen) innerhalb eines endlichen Planungshorizonts. Für alle Ressourcenkategorien sind sowohl perioden- als auch gesamtzeitraumsbezogene Restriktionen zugelassen. Unser Modell der Nichtlinearen Programmierung besitzt eine lineare Zielfunktion und quadratische Nebenbedingungen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 87
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    OR spectrum 12 (1990), S. 181-185 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine neue Methode zur Erzeugung standardnormalverteilter Zufallszahlen wird vorgestellt, die unter unterschiedlichsten Bedingungen — verschiedene Computer, verschiedene Programmiersprachen, verschiedene Gleichverteilungsgeneratoren, usw.-schneller ist als alle bekannten Algorithmen mit mäßiger Codelänge.
    Notes: Summary A new method for generating standard normal random variables is presented which in most circumstances, such as different computers, different programming languages, different uniform number generators, etc., is faster than all known algorithms with moderate code length.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 88
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    OR spectrum 12 (1990), S. 186-186 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 89
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    OR spectrum 12 (1990), S. 187-188 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    OR spectrum 12 (1990), S. 188-188 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    OR spectrum 12 (1990), S. 189-192 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    OR spectrum 12 (1990), S. 201-206 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es sei ein Funktional I(F) gegeben, bei demF einer Klasse von Verteilungsfunktionen angehört. Für die Bestimmung eines extremalenF wird ein Variationsverfahren entwickelt, das auf der Tatsache beruht, daß positive Potenzen vonF wiederum Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilungen sind. Die aus dieser Technik hergeleiteten notwendigen Bedingungen reduzieren sich auf die Euler-Lagrangeschen Gleichungen unter der Bedingung, daß das extremaleF eine stetige Ableitung besitzt. Wir wenden dieses Verfahren auf bestimmte quadratische Funktionale sowie auch auf das Maximale Entropie Problem an. Diese Variationsmethode läßt sich im allgemeinen auf positiv beschränkte, sowie positiv monotone Extremale anwenden. Als Beispiel wird bewiesen, daß die “stop-loss” Politik unter Standardbedingungen optimal ist.
    Notes: Summary LetI(F) be a functional whereF belongs to a class of distribution functions. In order to find an extremalF, a variational technique is developed which is based upon the fact that positive powers ofF remain probability distributions. The resulting necessary conditions derived from this technique reduce to the Euler-Lagrange equations under the condition that the extremal,F, has a continuous derivative. We apply this technique to certain quadratic functionals, and to the maximum entropy problem. This variational method applies generally to positive bounded, and to positive monotone extremals. This is illustrated by proving that the “stoploss” insurance policy is optimal under standard conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    OR spectrum 12 (1990), S. 207-218 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Subject of this paper is the development of an A* algorithm for the minimization of freight charged in the area of commercial road transportation. The paper describes the most important decisions for the design of an A* algorithm, and presents a concrete algorithm for the above problem. The presented algorithm is described by a specification of the results of the design decisions. The most important design decisions are the definition of a state space, of a heuristic function, and of some problem-specific modifications of the operators of the state space. The developed algorithm can be used for the exact and the approximate optimization of the given problem.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Gegenstand des Beitrags ist die Entwicklung eines A*-Verfahrens zur Lösung des Frachtoptimierungsproblems. Der Beitrag schildert einerseits die zentralen Entwurfsentscheidungen, die zur Entwicklung eines A*-Verfahrens getroffen werden müssen, und präsentiert andrerseits ein konkretes A*-Verfahren zur Frachtoptimierung. Das Frachtoptimierungsverfahren wird vorgestellt, indem die Ergebnisse der Entwurfsentscheidungen für dieses Verfahren beschrieben werden. Die zentralen Entwurfsentscheidungen bestehen in der Definition eines Zustandsraums, der Formulierung einer heuristischen Funktion und in einer eventuell zusätzlichen problemspezifischen Modifikation der Operatoren des Zustandsraums. Das entwickelte Verfahren dient gleichzeitig zur exakten und suboptimierenden Lösung des Frachtoptimierungsproblems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    OR spectrum 12 (1990), S. 252-254 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    OR spectrum 13 (1991), S. 36-36 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    OR spectrum 13 (1991), S. 15-30 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im ersten Teil der Arbeit werden verschiedene hinreichende Bedingungen für die Koinzidenz des Prenukleolus-Lösungskonzepts und der ENSC-Regel vorgestellt. Es wird dabei gezeigt, daß der Prenukleolus mit der ENSC-Lösung zusammenfällt, falls die maximalen Exzesse der ENSC-Lösung durch die (n-1)-Personen Koalitionen desn-Personenspiels bestimmt werden. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit untersuchen wir eine Klasse von Spielen, die sogenanntenk-Koalitions-n-Personenspiele und untersuchen die Zusammenhänge zwischen den Lösungskonzepten für diesen speziellen Typ von Spielen. Es stellt sich heraus, daß der Shapleywert einesk-Koalitions-n-Personenspiels beschrieben werden kann als eine Linearkombination der ENSC-Lösung und des Schwerpunktes der Auszahlungsmenge.
    Notes: Summary The first part is the study of several conditions which are sufficient for the coincidence of the prenucleolus concept and the egalitarian nonseparable contribution (ENSC-) method. The main sufficient condition for the coincidence involved requires that the maximal excesses at the ENSC-solution are determined by the (n-1)-person coalitions in then-person game. The second part is the study of both a new type of games, the so-calledk-coalitionaln-person games, and the interrelationship between solutions on the class of those games. The main results state that the Shapley value of ak-coalitionaln-person game can be written as a convex or affine combination of the ENSC-solution and the centre of the imputation set.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    OR spectrum 13 (1991), S. 31-35 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Keywords: Reliability ; cumulative damage ; tolerance level ; Zuverlässigkeit ; additive Belastung ; Toleranzgrenze
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Für einen kumulativen Schadensprozeß betrachten wir das Problem, den Prozeß so zu stoppen, daß ein gegebener Schwellenwert so exakt wie möglich erreicht, aber nur mit kleiner Wahrscheinlichkeit überschritten wird. Fragen dieser Art treten bei der Festlegung zulässiger Belastungshöchstgrenzen für medizinische Behandlungen auf; ein weiteres Beispiel ist die Bestimmung von Ersatzstrategien für verschleißende Materialien. Wir zeigen, daß eine Kontrollgrenzenstrategie optimal ist.
    Notes: Summary We consider the problem of optimal stopping in a cumulative damage model in which a prescribed level may be surpassed only with small probability, but should be approached as precise as possible. Questions of this kind occur, e.g., in the determination of tolerance levels of medical treatments and in coping with metal fatigue. A control limit policy is proved to be optimal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    OR spectrum 13 (1991), S. 1-14 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Keywords: Satellite placement ; network flows with one side constraint ; generalized network simplex algorithm ; Telekommunikationssatelliten-Placierung ; Netzwerkflüsse mit einer Nebenbedingung ; verallg-Netzwerk-Simplex Algorithmus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Placierung von Telekommunikationssatelliten im geostationären Orbit (GSO) führt auf NP-schwierige Optimierungsprobleme, die z. B. mit Nachbarschafts-Suchverfahren, insbes. Tabuverfahren angegangen werden können. Ein typischer Schritt darin besteht in der Festlegung einer Reihenfolge der Satelliten und anschließender Placierung mit linearer Programmierung. Bei solchen Verfahren ist die effiziente Lösung der großen Anzahl auftretender spezieller linearer Programme ausschlaggebend. Wir beschreiben diese linearen Programme, charakterisieren deren Dualprobleme als Netzwerkflußaufgaben mit einer Nebenbedingung und geben dafür ein effizientes Simplex-Verfahren an. Da diese Aufgaben meist stark degeneriert sind, erweitern wir Cunninghams Begriff einer stark zulässigen Basis auf unseren Fall und geben ein darauf basierendes, Zyklen vermeidendes Lösungsverfahren an. Numerische Experimente belegen unsere Behauptungen zur Effizienz der Verfahren.
    Notes: Summary The placement of telecommunication satellites in the geostationary orbit (GSO) gives rise to NP-hard optimization problems usually approached with iterative neighborhood (possibly tabu) search schemes. A typical iteration thereof consists in fixing an order for the satellites and determining their actual locations by linear programming. In such procedures it is crucial to efficiently solve the very large number of arising special linear programs. We describe those linear programs, characterize their duals as special network flow problems with one side constraint and then present an efficient network simplex method to solve them. Since these problems can be highly degenerate, we generalize Cunningham's concept of strongly feasible bases to our case and present a procedure based thereupon which prevents cycling. Computational experience with our algorithms substantiates our efficiency claims.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    OR spectrum 13 (1991), S. 55-57 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 100
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The following contribution describes the planning of the production in a metallurgical plant with four blast furnaces. Basing on a fixed demand for pig iron per day which is to be fulfilled, it is to decide, how the production is to distribute among the four blast furnaces, when the costs of production are to be minimized. Subsequently the problem is extended by changing the demand for pig iron step by step. The optimal solution of this problem is achieved by using the methods of linear programming and mathematical statistics.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der folgende Beitrag beschreibt die Produktionsplanung für ein Hochofenwerk mit vier Hochöfen. Ausgehend von einer fest vorgegebenen Erzeugungsmenge muß entschieden werden, wie die Produktion auf vier Hochöfen zu verteilen ist, damit die Produktionskosten das Minimum erreichen. Für die Lösungsdarstellung wird die zu erzeugende Roheisenmenge schrittweise verändert. Die optimale Lösung wird mit Hilfe der Linearen Optimierung und der mathematischen Statistik ermittelt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...