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  • Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry  (423)
  • Errata
  • Magnetism
  • Semiconductors II: surfaces, interfaces, microstructures, and related topics
  • Surface physics, nanoscale physics, low-dimensional systems
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (426)
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • 1990-1994  (426)
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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (426)
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • Springer  (5)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: K2Fe[P2S6] ; Hexathiodiphosphate(IV) ; Hexathiohypodiphosphate ; Crystal Structure ; Magnetism ; Vibrational Spectrum ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthese, Kristallstruktur, Magnetismus und Schwingungsspektrum von Dikaliumeisen(II)hexathiodiphosphat(IV), K2Fe[P2S6]K2Fe[P2S6] wurde aus den Elementen bei 1173 K in evakuierten, abgeschmolzenen Quarzampullen dargestellt. Die Verbindung bildet transparente, orangefarbene, luft- und feuchtigkeitsbeständige Kristalle. K2Fe[P2S6] kristallisiert monoklin, Raumgruppe P21/n (Nr. 14), mit den Gitterkonstanten (T = 298,5 K): a = 6,0622(4), b = 12,172(1) und c = 7,3787(8) Å, β = 101,113(7)°, Z = 2. Der neuartige Strukturtyp (mP22) wird durch Säulen von alternierend flächenverknüpften S6-Oktaedern und trigonalen Antiprismen (beide verzerrt) charakterisiert, die parallel zur a-Achse verlaufen und durch K+-Kationen (KZ 10; {2,6,2}-Polyeder; d(K—S) = 3,231 - 3,845 Å) miteinander verbunden sind. Die S6-Polyeder der Säulen werden alternierend durch Fe (d̄(Fe—S) = 2,577 Å) bzw. P2-Paare zentriert, die zur a-Achse um 73,4° geneigt sind. Die Bindungslängen in den Hexathiodiphosphat(IV)-Anionen [P2S6]4- mit angenäherter 32/m - D3d-Symmetrie betragen d(P—P) = 2,20 und d̄(P—S) = 2,02 Å. Die Titelverbindung ist oberhalb TN = 28 K paramagnetisch mit μ = 4,69 B.M. und ordnet unterhalb TN antiferromagnetisch. Die beobachteten inneren Moden der Raman- und Infrarotspektren von K2Fe[P2S6] stehen im Einklang mit der Faktorgruppenanalyse. Die Schwingungsbanden werden auf der Basis von [P2S6]4--Einheiten unter Berücksichtigung der Abweichungen von der D3d-Symmetrie zugeordnet.
    Notes: K2Fe[P2S6] was synthesized from the elements at 1173 K in sealed quartz tubes. The compound forms transparent orange crystals, stable against air and moisture. K2Fe[P2S6] crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/n (No. 14), with cell dimensions (T = 298.5 K) a = 6.0622(4), b = 12.172(1) and c = 7.3787(8) Å, β = 101.113(7)°, Z = 2. The novel structure type (mP22) is characterized by columns of alternating face-sharing S6 octahedra and trigonal antiprisms (both distorted) parallel to the a axis, which are interconnected by inserted K+ (CN 10; {2,6,2}-polyhedra; d(K—S) = 3.231 - 3.845 Å). The S6 polyhedra of the columns are centered alternately by Fe (d̄(Fe—S) = 2.577 Å) and P2 pairs which are inclined to the a axis by 73.4°. The bond lengths in the hexathiodiphosphate(IV) anions, [P2S6]4-, with approximate 3 2/m - D3d symmetry, are d̄(P—P) = 2.20 and d̄(P—S) = 2.02 Å. The compound is paramagnetic above TN = 28 K with μ = 4.69 B.M. and orders antiferromagnetically below TN. The internal modes of the observed Raman and FIR spectra of K2Fe[P2S6] are in accord with the factor group analysis, and the spectra are assigned on the basis of [P2S6]4- units, taking into account the deviation from D3d symmetry.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 620 (1994), S. 1601-1606 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chromium(III) Phthalocyanines ; Magnetism ; Electronic Spectra ; Vibrational Spectra ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Monomeric and Dimeric Chromium(III) Phthalocyanines: Synthesis and Properties of Hydroxopyridinophthalocyaninatochromium(III) and μ-Oxodi(pyridinophthalocyaninatochromium(III))Heating of „[Cr(OH)Pc2-]“ in pyridine (Py) gives the paramagnetic (T = 273 K) complexes [Cr(OH)(Py)Pc2-] (μCr = 3.84 μB) and [(Cr(Py)Pc2-)2O] (μCr = 1.24 μB) by consecutive substitution and condensation reactions. The UV-VIS spectra are characterized by the typical B, Q, and N regions of the Pc2- ligand being shifted hypsochromically for the dimer with respect to the monomer due to excitonic coupling (1.5 kK). Regions of weak absorbance between 8 and 13 resp. 19 kK are assigned to trip-quartet transitions for both complexes. A weak band at 870 cm-1 in the FIR/MIR spectra is assigned to vas(Cr—O—Cr). In the resonance Raman(RR) spectra v(Cr—O) at 514 cm-1 resp. vs(Cr—O—Cr) at 426 cm-1 is selectively enhanced. Further strong RR-lines of the μ-Oxo dimer at 110 and 631 cm-1 are assigned to a (Py—Cr—O)- resp. internal pyridine deformation of a1g symmetry. An assignment as 2vas(Cr—O—Cr) is proposed for the remarkable RR line at 1740 cm-1.
    Notes: Beim Erwärmen von „[Cr(OH)Pc2-]“ in Pyridin (Py) bilden sich sukzessive durch Substitution bzw. Kondensation die bei 273 K paramagnetischen Titelkomplexe [Cr(OH)(Py)Pc2-] (μCr = 3,84 μB) und [(Cr(Py)Pc2-)2O] (μCr = 1,24 μB). Die UV-VIS-Spektren sind von den typischen B-, Q-, und N-Regionen des Pc2--Liganden geprägt. Diese sind wegen der Excitonen-Kopplung (1,5 kK) im Spektrum des Dimeren gegenüber denen des Monomeren hypsochrom verschoben. Für beide Komplexe werden Bereiche schwacher Absorptionen zwischen 8 und 13 bzw. um 19 kK Trip-Quartett(TM)-Übergängen zugeordnet. In den FIR/MIR-Spektren wird vas(Cr—O—Cr) als schwache Bande bei 870 cm-1 beobachtet. In den Resonanz-Raman(RR)-Spektren wird v(Cr—O) bei 514 cm-1 bzw. vs(Cr—O—Cr) bei 426 cm-1 selektiv angeregt. Weitere intensive RR-Linien des μ-Oxo-Dimeren bei 110 und 631 cm-1 werden einer (Py—Cr—O)- bzw. internen Pyridin-Deformationsschwingung der Rasse a1g zugeordnet. Bemerkenswert ist die RR-Linie bei 1 740 cm-1, für die wir eine Zuordnung als 2vas(Cr—O—Cr) vorschlagen.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Sodium Tetrachlorotitanate(II) ; Synthesis ; Crystal Structure ; Magnetism ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Magnetism of Sodium Tetrachlorotitanate(II), Na2TiCl4Na2TiCl4 is obtained as single crystals by metallothermic reduction of TiCl3 with sodium (525°C, 90 d, Ta container). Pure powder samples may be prepared by synproportionation of TiCl3 with Ti in the presence of NaCl (950-520°C, 21 d). The structure refinement from four-circle diffractometer data confirms that Na2TiCl4 is isotypic with Sr2PbO4 (orthorhombic, space group Pbam (No. 55), Z = 2 a = 694.2(1), b = 1 198.9(2), c = 385.6(1) pm, R = 0.055, Rw = 0,038). Ti2+ is surrounded by a distorted octahedron of Cl-. The octahedra are connected via common edges to chains, ∞1[TiCl2/1Cl4/2]2-, that run in the [001] direction. Magnetic susceptibility data were recorded in the 2 to 300 K temperature range at various field strengths. The interpretation of the data was carried out with the aid of crystal-field calculations taking magnetic interactions into account. The non-Curie behaviour of the reciprocal magnetic susceptibility of Ti2+ in Na2TiCl4 is due to the influence of spin-obit coupling.
    Notes: Na2TiCl4 entsteht in Form von Einkristallen bei der metallothermischen Reduktion von TiCl3 mit Na (525°C, 90 d, Ta-Ampulle). Reine Pulverproben von türkis-grünem Na2TiCl4 sind durch Synproportionierung von TiCl3 mit Titan in Gegenwart von NaCl zugänglich (950-520°C, 21 d). Die Strukturverfeinerung aus Vierkreis-Diffraktometer-Daten bestätigt, daß Na2TiCl4 im Sr2PbO4-Typ kristallisiert (orthorhombisch, Raumgruppe Pbam (Nr. 55), Z = 2, a = 694,2(1), b = 1 198,9(2), c = 385,6(1) pm, R = 0,055, Rw = 0,038). Ti2+ ist in Form eines verzerrten Oktaeders von Cl- umgeben. Die Oktaeder sind über gemeinsame Kanten zu Ketten ∞1[TiCl2/1Cl4/2]2- verknüpft, die längs [001] angeordnet sind. Die magnetische Suszeptibilität wurde im Bereich von 2-300 K bei verschiedenen Feldstärken bestimmt. Die Interpretation der Meßdaten erfolgte über Kristallfeld-Rechnungen unter Berücksichtigung magnetischer Wechselwirkungen. Das Nicht-Curie-Verhalten der reziproken magnetischen Suszeptibilität von Ti2+ in Na2TiCl4 ist auf den Einfluß der Spin-Bahn-Kopplung zurückzuführen.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 13 (1990), S. 177-185 
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Keywords: hemolymph phenoloxidase activity ; encapsulation-inhibiting factor(s) ; Braconidae ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A number of theories have been proposed concerning the means of avoiding host's encapsulation by parasitoid larvae. Our available data, however, are still not sufficient to explain the encapsulation-inhibiting effects of the gregarious endoparasitoid Cotesia ( = Apanteles) glomerata on its larval host, Pieris rapae crucivora. This study was prompted initially by the observation that the hemolymph obtained from parasitized fifth instar larvae failed to melanize. Phenoloxidase (PO) activity in the hemolymph of parasitized and nonparasitized Pieris larvae was determined spectrophotometrically by measuring the degree of dopachrome formation in diluted hemolymph with Ca2+-free saline. PO activity was inhibited in host hemolymph containing young-phase teratocytes, 1.5-day-old cells 40-45 μm in diameter, but not in that containing old-phase teratocytes, 7-day-old cells 90-100 μm in diameter. Similar results with young-phase teratocytes were obtained in vitro. Our data suggest that young teratocytes may suppress PO activity in the host hemolymph and interfere with encapsulation of C. glomerata larvae by the host. However, the mechanism of PO suppression remains to be determined.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 13 (1990), S. 199-216 
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Keywords: teratocytes ; extra-embryonic membrane ; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; parasitism-specific protein ; parasite proteins ; fruit fly proteins ; hemolymph proteins ; Diptera proteins ; Hymenoptera proteins ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: As a prelude to a study in vitro of the function of the embryonic serosa of the parasitic wasp Biosteres longicaudatus (Braconidae), the ultrastructure of serosas of different ages reared in vivo and in vitro were compared. The evidence suggests that the serosal capsule consists of one to three cell layers. The innermost (internal cells) which line the serosal capsule and the outermost (external) cells which are bathed by the host's hemolymph are secretory. Large, coated vesicles in the internal cells increase in number and size with age and, likely, take up and transport molecules into the serosa. Multivesicular bodies, Known for their enzyme-degradative function, occur in external cells and are eventually extruded into the surrounding environment. Distinctive electrondense, rod-shaped particles appear in external cells within 8 h after larvae hatch, increase in number with larval age, and occur at the bases of microvilli. The latter appear electron dense with age and eventually they and the lobulated microvilli in internal cells fragment into the surrounding environment. To determine whether parasites and/or their serosas release substances into the host Anastrepha suspensa (Diptera: Tephritidae), hemolymph from unparasitized and superparasitized (〉 1 parasite/host) pharate pupae was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Serosas and/or parasite larvae were incubated in artificial media and each of these was subjected to SDS-PAGE. A polypeptide, approximately 24 kilodaltons (Kd) occurred in the hemolymph of 24-h-old superparasitized pharate pupal hosts but not in the control. A similar polypeptide was observed in medium cultured with parasite larva and serosa as well as serosa alone, but was not in their respective control media. This approximately 24-Kd band in SDS-PAGE gels corresponds to a band in the serosa homogenate and may be identical to it. Serosas and parasite larvae in vivo and in vitro have similar protein profiles. Based upon these ultrastructural and electrophoretic studies, it appears that the serosa of B. longicaudatus has a synthetic function, as has been reported for the extra-embryonic membrane of other parasitic Hymenoptera. It may sequester and degrade molecules from the host hemolymph and likely release newly synthesized as well as degraded products into the host.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 13 (1990), S. 247-253 
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Keywords: whiteflies ; parasitoid penetration ; endoparasitoids ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The mode of penetration of parasitoids belonging to the genus Eretmocerus into whitefly larvae and their immature development were examined. Examination included scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy of stained and unstained whole mounts and sections.The Eretmocerus larva pierces the venter of its host shortly after hatching, and subsequently enters the host through the same hole. The host reacts by forming a cellular capsule around the Eretmocerus larva. This capsule is incomplete, with an opening in its ventral side opposite the penetration hole. The capsule remains intact during most of the second instar of the parasitoid. It then disintegrates, but its remnants are still visible around the third instar. Whenever two Eretmocerus larvae penetrate, they are surrounded by two capsules. The capsule does not prevent parasitoid development, but it apparently precludes contact of cellular elements of the host's blood with the developing parasitoid larva.Adaptive features of Eretmocerus larval biology include the early contact with the host's internal medium that permits host regulation; and the delay of contact with the host's blood cells that may preclude the need to confront host immunological systems.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 14 (1990), S. 31-36 
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Keywords: mtDNA ; DNA sequence ; mosquitoes ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The entire 15 kilobase (kb) Anopheles quadrimaculatus mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was cloned as three EcoRI fragments in a bacteriophage vector and then subcloned into plasmid vectors. The cloned DNA was physically mapped with restriction endonucleases, and the maps were compared to the restriction patterns of native A. quadrimaculatus mtDNA. Several genes were mapped by sequencing the ends of A. quadrimaculatus mtDNA subclones and by hybridization with the previously characterized Aedes albopictus mtDNA clones. These portions of the genetic map were identical in gene order to those of Drosophila yakuba. The predicted amino acid sequence of the protein coding regions that were sequenced were between 72% and 98% homologous to D. yakuba. The cloned mtDNA will be useful as a probe for population genetic analysis of mosquitoes.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 13 (1990), S. 159-166 
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Keywords: parasitoid-host interactions ; in vitro techniques ; serosa ; polar bodies ; trophamnion ; Braconidae ; Trichogrammatidae ; Scelionidae ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Teratocytes, derived from extra-embryonic tissues of parasitic Braconidae, Trichogrammatidae, and Scelionidae, play several important roles in the parasitoid-host interaction. It is clear from the literature that the specific role (s) vary among species. Only recently have the biochemical and endocrinological roles of these cells been considered. This overview examines the recent literature on teratocytes and stresses the importance of in vitro procedures to elucidate the functional roles (trophic, immunosuppression, secretory) of teratocytes in the parasitoid-host relationship.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 13 (1990), S. 187-197 
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Keywords: braconid parasitoid ; phenoloxidase ; calyx fluid ; venom ; encapsulation ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Eggs and larvae of Apanteles kariyai avoid the host defense reactions of Pseudaletia separata due to the action of calyx and venom fluids injected by females during oviposition and the teratocytes originated from the embryonic serosal cells 3.5 day postoviposition. Phenoloxidase (PO) activity in host larvae was unaffected during early stages of parasitization (4-6 days postoviposition), relative to unparasitized larvae, but was greatly reduced to 25% during the late stage of parasitization (days 7-10). Hemolymph PO activity was not affected, in vitro, by calyx and venom fluids but was reduced in the presence of teratocytes. An apparent PO inhibitor was detected in older teratocyte cells. First instar parasitoid larvae implanted into unparasitized hosts, following transfer of either young teratocytes (4 day postoviposition) or old teratocytes (8 day post-oviposition) with calyx and venom fluids resulted in avoidance of encapsulation only when calyx and venom fluids with young (4 day) teratocytes were injected. These results indicated that during early parasitization of the host, teratocytes just released from the embryonic serosal cells (4 day) function in conjunction with calyx and venom fluids injected into the host with the parasitoid egg to prevent its encapsulation by host hemocytes. During late parasitization, the older teratocytes (8 day) may also function in preventing host encapsulation by producing an PO inhibitor suppresses host hemolymph PO activity at the time of parasitoid egression.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Insecticyanin was found to be synthesized in several isoelectric forms and stored in the pigment granules in the epidermis. Both major epidermal forms (INS-a, pl 5.5; INS-b, pl 5.7) were found in the cuticle, but only the most basic form, INS-b, was present in the hemolymph. In vitro the epidermis synthesized and secreted both forms into both the cuticle and the medium. Isolation of two cDNA clones for insecticyanin followed by hybridization to epidermal mRNA showed the presence of only one 1.1 kb mRNA, but transcription of the longer cDNA yielded a RNA which produced INS-a but no INS-b. Insecticyanin mRNA was present during the intermolt feeding stages of the 4th and 5th instars and absent during the larval molt and after the onset of metamorphosis. Exposure of either day 2 4th-instar or day 1 5th-instar larval epidermis to 20-hydroxyecdysone (20HE) in vitro caused a dose-dependent decline in this mRNA that was not prevented by simultaneous exposure to JH. When synthesis resumes just before ecdysis, INS-b appears before INS-a; then on the final day of feeding, synthesis of INS-a ceases before that of INS-b.
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