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  • 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
  • Bacteria
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (3)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
  • 1990-1994  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of agarose as an encapsulation medium for particulate specimens for transmission electron microscopy (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 25 (1993), S. 267-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Agarose encapsulation ; TEM specimen preparation ; Bacteria ; Yeast ; Mitochondria ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Agarose, agar, and gelatin were initially compared as encapsulation media for 3 structurally diverse particulate specimens: bacteria, yeast, and mitochondria. Agarose proved superior to both gelatin and agar for ease of handling and overall image quality (minimum background). All sample types exhibited high quality fixation and structural detail with no heat damage from the agarose medium. Based on this finding, we further characterized agarose encapsulation as affected by post-fixation, en bloc staining and resin type. Osmium tetroxide post-fixation, followed by en bloc uranyl acetate staining, could be performed without an increase in the electron density of the encapsulation medium. Agarose proved successful as an encapsulation medium regardless of the resin type or preparation protocol, thus providing flexibility in experimental design and excellent results over a range of variables. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070250402
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impact of freeze substitution on biological electron microscopy (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 24 (1993), S. 400-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Cryofixation ; Freeze substitution ; Low temperature embedding ; Lowicryl ; Fine structural preservation ; Extracellular material ; Bacteria ; Algae ; Cyanobacteria ; Fungi ; Transgenic plants ; Wheat ; Barley ; Tobacco ; Conidia ; Hyphae ; Haustoria ; Plant pathogen interface ; Molecular preservation ; Retention diffusible elements ; Microanalysis ; Autoradiography ; Fungicides ; Lipids ; Immunocytochemistry ; Protein antigenicity ; Elicitor ; Extensin ; Foreign proteins ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Considering the increasing necessity for improved preparation techniques in biological electron microscopy as a basis for the identification and localization of cellular substances within the compartments of the cell, this review is focussed on the method of freeze substitution as an important link between the cryofixation (ultrarapid freezing) and resin embedding of biological specimens. The theory and practice of freeze substitution is summarized with particular interest in the physical and thermodynamic as well as in the chemical basis of this technique. A survey of practical aspects of the technical process of freeze substitution concerning the equipment and various protocols successfully applied in biological systems is also given. The main advantage of freeze substitution versus conventional chemical fixation is seen in the maintenance of the hydration shell of molecules and macromolecular structures. This results in an improved fine structural preservation, superior retention of the antigenicity of proteins and decreased loss of unbound, diffusible cellular components. Examples of excellent visualization of the ultrastructure of macro-molecular complexes (nucleic acids, extracellular material, membranes etc.), small organisms (bacteria, algae, cyanobacteria and fungi) and large biological samples such as plant and animal tissue as well as the plant-pathogen (fungus) interface and infection structures are presented. Recent data on the molecular characterization of freeze-substituted biological tissue are exemplified with special emphasis on the subcellular detection of soluble components (elements, lipids, proteins and drugs) and the inter-/intracellular localization of proteins including foreign proteins in transgenic plants. The molecular analysis of freeze-substituted specimens is achieved by the combination of low temperature preparation techniques in biological electron microscopy with various detection methods such as X-ray microanalysis, immunocytochemistry and high resolution autoradiography. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 27 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070240506
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bacteria and the Biodegradation of Chemicals Achieved Naturally, by Combination, or by Construction (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 32 (1993), S. 1398-1408 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Bacteria ; Degradation ; Environmental chemistry ; Hydrocarbons ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The natural potential of bacteria for the biological degradation of synthetic compounds is greater than is commonly supposed and extends to many heteroarenes and even some chloroarenes. An increase in the number of substituents on the aromatic ring or a certain substitution pattern is what confers xenobiotic character to a compound. In addition, when enzymes with low substrate specificity encounter foreign compounds with random variations, products with very strong xenobiotic character often result. In this case, changing the conditions or introducing a cooperation between several different types of bacteria can be used to degrade these compounds. Finally, mineralization, the complete breakdown of organic substances into carbon dioxide and inorganic salts, of xenobiotics previously regarded as persistent can be achieved by taking advantage of natural or induced gene transfer to construct hybrid degradative pathways. After an introduction to the world of bacteria and their place in Nature, we will describe their natural potential for biodegradation with reference to aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. The discussion will then turn to the types of the substituents that confer xenobiotic properties to compounds and how these compounds are degraded despite their xenobiotic character.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.199313981
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