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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Transversely isotropic media equivalent to thin isotropic layers (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 42 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Any set of isotropic layers is equivalent, in the long wavelength limit, to a unique transversely isotropic (TI) layer; to find the elastic moduli of that layer is a solved problem. The converse problem is to find a set of isotropic layers equivalent to a given TI media. Here, explicit necessary and sufficient conditions on the TI stiffness moduli for the existence of an equivalent set of isotropic layers are found by construction of a minimal decomposition consisting of either two or three isotropic constituent layers. When only two constituents are required, their elastic properties are uniquely determined. When three constituents are required, two have the same Poisson's ratio and the same thickness fraction, and even then there is a one-parameter family of satisfactory minimal decompositions. The linear slip model for fractured rock (aligned fractures in an isotropic background) yields a restricted range of transverse isotropy dependent on only four independent parameters. If the ratio of the normal to tangential fracture compliance is small enough, the medium is equivalent to thin isotropic layering and in general its minimal decomposition consists of three constituents.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1994.tb00247.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comment on ‘Definitions of apparent resistivity for the presentation of magnetotelluric sounding data’ by A.T. Başokur (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 42 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1994.tb00251.x
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Reply to Comment on ‘Definitions of apparent resistivity for the presentation of magnetotelluric sounding data‘ by L. Szarka (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 42 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1994.tb00252.x
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Line integrals of potential field data (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 42 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Information on the mass and the spatial location of an arbitrary source body can be obtained by performing suitable integrations of 3D gravity and magnetic data along an infinite straight line. No assumptions on the density/magnetization distribution or the shape and location of the source are required.For an oblique borehole, a relationship between the lower limit of the source mass and the distance to the body is obtained. The mass contrast and the magnetic moment of the source can also be estimated.For a vertical borehole, both gravity and vertical magnetic component anomalies have equal areas to the left and right of the depth axis.The particular case of a horizontal gallery not intersecting the body is also studied. If the source is intersected, a lower limit is estimated for the maximum thickness of the body along the gallery. Information on the vertical coordinate of the centre of mass of the source can also be obtained.Numerical tests with synthetic gravity data support the theoretical results.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1994.tb00238.x
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Resistivity measurements on the sea bottom to map fracture zones in the bedrock underneath sediments (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 42 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Refraction seismics with the shotpoints and the hydrophone cable on the sea-bottom, have become the standard geophysical method for investigating rock quality before constructing offshore tunnels in Norway. In connection with the construction of a sub-sea tunnel by the Norwegian Public Roads Administration, research work was carried out to compare two low-velocity zones, indicated by refraction seismics with other methods. A special resistivity cable for pole-dipole measurements on the sea-floor, with 10 m between the electrodes, was constructed. A 200 m long profile, crossing the two low-velocity zones, was measured with all combinations of electrode distances. The two zones were detected as low-resistivity zones. A special data processing technique to enhance the anomalies is described. Resistivity soundings in a seawater environment to detect fracture zones in the bedrock underneath the bottom sediments, are discussed. It is concluded that severely fractured zones, which may cause difficulties for the tunnel construction, can be detected both with sea-surface and sea-floor arrays using long electrode spacings.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1994.tb00242.x
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Radar experiments in isotropic and anisotropic geological formations (granite and schists) (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 42 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: In order to understand various aspects of radar wave propagation, a survey of electromagnetic wave behaviour relative to the geological characteristics of the formations prospected was undertaken. The sites chosen for the tests were a granite quarry and an underground schist working. By investigating an electrically resistive isotropic site and a conductive anisotropic site, it was demonstrated that non-conventional use of a radar system (antennae raised, various orientations of the transmitter/receiver, etc.) could improve data quality, and could allow information other than reflector depth to be collected (volume scattering intensity, isotropy, etc.). By studying wave propagation velocities, we underlined the difficulties encountered in establishing a velocity versus depth law, despite recourse to seismic data processing, such as NMO corrections. The results of field experiments, complemented by laboratory measurements of dielectric permittivities, clearly showed anisotropy effects: in the case of a path that is perpendicular to the schistosity plane, an electromagnetic wave propagates more slowly and is more attenuated than a wave parallel to the schistosity plane.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1994.tb00232.x
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    2D finite-difference elastic wave modelling including surface topography (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 42 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A 2D numerical finite-difference algorithm accounting for surface topography is presented. Higher-order, dispersion-bounded, cost-optimized finite-difference operators are used in the interior of the numerical grid, while non-reflecting absorbing boundary conditions are used along the edges. Transformation from a curved to a rectangular grid achieves the modelling of the surface topography. We use free-surface boundary conditions along the surface. In order to obtain complete modelling of the effects of wave propagation, it is important to account for the surface topography, otherwise near-surface effects, such as scattering, are not modelled adequately. Even if other properties of the medium, for instance randomization, can improve numerical simulations, inclusion of the surface topography makes them more realistic.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1994.tb00216.x
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    True-amplitude migration of 2D synthetic data (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 42 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: True-amplitude (TA) migration, which is a Kirchhoff-type modified weighted diffraction stack, recovers (possibly) complex angle-dependent reflection coefficients which are important for amplitude-versus-offset (AVO) inversion. The method can be implemented using existing prestack or post-stack Kirchhoff migration and fast Green's function computation programs. Here, it is applied to synthetic single-shot and constant-offset seismic data that include post-critical reflections (complex reflection coefficients) and caustics. Comparisons of the amplitudes of the TA migration image with theoretical reflection coefficients show that the (possibly complex) angle-dependent reflection coefficients are correctly estimated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1994.tb00220.x
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Reply to Comment on ‘Simultaneous vibroseis recording’ by L. Deluchi (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 42 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1994.tb00225.x
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Reply to Comment on ‘Three-dimensional interpretation of multiple-source bipole-dipole resistivity data using the apparent resistivity tensor‘by D. Doicin (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 42 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1994.tb00229.x
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Using the pseudospectral technique on curved grids for 2D acoustic forward modelling (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 42 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The Fourier pseudospectral method has been widely accepted for seismic forward modelling because of its high accuracy compared to other numerical techniques. Conventionally, the modelling is performed on Cartesian grids. This means that curved interfaces are represented in a ‘staircase fashion‘causing spurious diffractions. It is the aim of this work to eliminate these non-physical diffractions by using curved grids that generally follow the interfaces.A further advantage of using curved grids is that the local grid density can be adjusted according to the velocity of the individual layers, i.e. the overall grid density is not restricted by the lowest velocity in the subsurface. This means that considerable savings in computer storage can be obtained and thus larger computational models can be handled.One of the major problems in using the curved grid approach has been the generation of a suitable grid that fits all the interfaces. However, as a new approach, we adopt techniques originally developed for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) applications. This allows us to put the curved grid technique into a general framework, enabling the grid to follow all interfaces. In principle, a separate grid is generated for each geological layer, patching the grid lines across the interfaces to obtain a globally continuous grid (the so-called multiblock strategy).The curved grid is taken to constitute a generalised curvilinear coordinate system, where each grid line corresponds to a constant value of one of the curvilinear coordinates. That means that the forward modelling equations have to be written in curvilinear coordinates, resulting in additional terms in the equations. However, the subsurface geometry is much simpler in the curvilinear space.The advantages of the curved grid technique are demonstrated for the 2D acoustic wave equation. This includes a verification of the method against an analytic reference solution for wedge diffraction and a comparison with the pseudospectral method on Cartesian grids. The results demonstrate that high accuracies are obtained with few grid points and without extra computational costs as compared with Cartesian methods.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1994.tb00213.x
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Resistivity inversion of cross-hole and borehole-to-surface EM data using axially symmetric models (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 42 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: We describe a least-squares inversion approach to estimating the subsurface resistivity structure from cross-hole or borehole-to-surface electromagnetic data. It is assumed that the resistivity distribution is symmetric about the axis of a borehole and that vertical magnetic dipoles are located on the borehole axis. The receivers are placed either in another borehole or on the earth's surface. The inversion scheme uses the finite-element and smoothness-constrained least-squares methods. The computational effort required to obtain partial derivatives is reduced considerably by using the reciprocity principle. Numerical simulations show that the reconstructions are generally in good agreement with the true structures when the assumption of an axisymmetric earth structure holds. An example involving the breakdown of this assumption, which can be obtained by interchanging the source and receiver boreholes, suggests that the inversion result may also be useful for locating a general 3D anomaly although artifacts are present.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1994.tb00239.x
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cost-effective 3D one-pass depth migration (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 42 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A crucial point in the processing of 3D seismic data is the migration step, both because of its 3D nature and the computational cost involved. The efficiency and accuracy of 3D migration are determined by the wavefield extrapolation technique employed. Wavefield extrapolation based on second-order differential operators of variable-length is very efficient and accurate at the same time. Compared to migration based on the McClellan transform and operator splitting, the use of variable-length second-order differential operators offers significant advantages. The 3D migration operator has an almost perfect circular symmetry. No positioning errors in the 45° azimuth between the in-line and cross-line directions are evident. The method is, in practice, only limited by spatial aliasing and does not require expensive interpolation of data to reduce numerical artifacts. This reduces the computational cost of 3D one-pass depth migration by a large factor.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1994.tb00240.x
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Backus averaging, scattering and drift (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 42 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Differences between traveltimes from sonic to seismic frequencies, commonly known as drift, can be attributed to a combination of multiple scattering and absorption. The portion due to scattering can be estimated directly by calculating synthetic seismograms from sonic logs. A simple alternative approach is suggested by the long-wave equivalent averaging formulae for the effective elastic properties of a stack of thin layers, which gives the same traveltime delays as the low-frequency limit of the scattering dispersion. We consider the application of these averaging formulae over a frequency-dependent window with the hope of extending their use to frequencies higher than those allowed by the original validity conditions. However, comparison of the time delay due to window-averaging with the scattering dispersion predicted by the O'Doherty-Anstey formula reveals that it is not possible to specify a form of window that will fit the dispersion across the spectrum for arbitrary log statistics. A window with a width proportional to the wavelength squared matches the behaviour at the low-frequency end of the dispersive range for most logs, and allows an almost exact match of the drift across the entire spectrum for exponential correlation functions.We examine a real log, taken from a hole in nearly plane-layered geology, which displays strong quasi-cyclical variations on one scale as well as more random, smaller-scale fluctuations. The details of its drift behaviour are studied using simple models of the gross features. The form of window which gave a good theoretical fit to the dispersion for an exponential log correlation function can only fit the computed drift at high or low frequencies, confirming that there are at least two significant scale-lengths of fluctuation. A better overall fit is obtained for a window whose width is proportional to the wavelength. The calculated scattering drift is significantly less than that observed from a vertical seismic profile, but the difference cannot be wholly ascribed to absorption. This is because the source frequency of the sonic tool is not appropriate for its resolution (receiver spacing) so that the scattering drift from sonic to seismic frequencies cannot be fully estimated from the layer model derived from the log.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1994.tb00230.x
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An analytic signal approach to the interpretation of total field magnetic anomalies (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 42 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The analytic signal (AS) is defined as the square root of the sum of the squares of the vertical and the two horizontal derivatives of the total magnetic field ΔT. This paper verifies theoretically that peaks of the AS correlate directly with their magnetic causative bodies and are positioned symmetrically over them, i.e. the main feature of the AS is that it is independent of the inclination of the magnetic field. This avoids the difficulties that are often faced in the conventional process of reduction to pole for ΔT, when the direction of magnetization of the causative bodies is not known. In addition, the AS has characteristics similar to the derivative features of the magnetic field, so that it is very sensitive to edge effects of the causative magnetic bodies. The theoretical derivations are tested by comparison with calculations on models, and, in a field example from Hunan Province, China, the AS is applied successfully to the interpretation of ΔT, whereas the conventional process of reduction to pole fails, due to the reverse magnetization of the causative body.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1994.tb00234.x
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Upward continuation of potential fields from a polyhedral surface (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 42 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: An equivalent source procedure is derived for upward continuation of unevenly spaced gravity and magnetic data. The dipole layer is placed on a topographic relief approximated by a polyhedral surface, the stations being the vertices of the triangular faces. The dipoles have linear magnitudes, being directed along the normal vector over each triangle. The unknown values of the dipole magnitudes at each station are obtained by a suitable modification of the usual integral equation considering the discontinuity of the normal vector at each vertex of the dipole surface. Profile data processing is also studied. A numerical test outlines the accuracy and the limitations of the model for the case of a magnetic field significantly perturbed by a rough topographic relief.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1994.tb00217.x
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    AVO signatures of actual and synthetic reflections from different petrophysical targets (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 42 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: We use a marine seismic dataset to examine the reflections from two gas sands, a lignitic sand and a cineritic bed, by means of their amplitude versus offset (AVO) responses. This offset-dependent signature is related to specific petrophysical and thus elastic situations or to peculiar interference patterns and may help to distinguish the nature of the amplitude anomalies on the stack sections.The prestack analysis is carried out on seismic data which have undergone an accurate true-amplitude processing.It is found that the lignitic-sand reflections exhibit a decreasing AVO while the two-gas sands show markedly increasing AVO trends. Also the reflections from the cineritic layer show increasing amplitudes with offset that may be due either to the petrophysical nature of the cinerites or to thin-layer interference or to both.In order to verify the reliability of the actual AVO responses we develop a detailed model from well data and compute a synthetic CMP seismogram. In order to account for mode conversions and thin-layer effects, the synthetic seismograms are computed using the reflectivity method. The wavelets used in the synthetics are retrieved from actual seismic and borehole data by means of wavelet processing. When finely layered structures are present, the estimation of a reliable wavelet is extremely important to get the correct synthetic AVO response. In particular, the AVO responses of the cineritic layer differ substantially if we make use in the computation of the synthetics of a Ricker wavelet or of a wavelet estimated through wavelet processing.The good match between the observed and modelled data confirms the reliability of the processing sequence and of the final AVO signatures.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1994.tb00221.x
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comment on ‘Simultaneous vibroseis recording’ by J.E. Martin and C.W.M. Bacon (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 42 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1994.tb00224.x
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comment on ‘Three-dimensional interpretation of multiple-source bipole-dipole resistivity data using the apparent resistivity tensor’ by H.M. Bibby and G.W. Hohmann (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 42 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1994.tb00226.x
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Reply to Comment on ‘Three-dimensional interpretation of multiple-source bipole-dipole resistivity data using the apparent resistivity tensor’ by X. Li and L. B. Pedersen (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 42 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1994.tb00227.x
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Shallow fault location in coal measures using offset Wenner resistivity profiling (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 42 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The five-electrode resistivity configuration of Barker, who introduced the concept of offset resistivity measurements, is used in a profiling mode in the search for lateral variations of resistivity down to depths of a few tens of metres. Theoretical computations show that plotting simple pseudosections of offset measurements over faults is sufficient to reveal the fault position. The method is subsequently applied in the field for locating a buried fault in coal measures. Although offset pseudosections are often all that is required, apparent resistivity pseudosections are examined and compared to collations of 1D inversions of the sounding profile data and to computations over 2D models. It is shown that apparent restivity pseudosections may present a rather misleading picture.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1994.tb00214.x
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Layer-stripping reverse-time migration (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 42 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: We present a layer-stripping method of migration for irregularly layered media in which first-order velocity discontinuities separate regions of constant or smoothly varying velocity. We use the reverse-time method to migrate seismic data layer by layer, from the surface downwards. As part of the migration of a given layer, the bottom boundary of the layer is defined based on power in the migrated signal, and a seismic section is collected along it. This new section serves as the boundary condition for migration in the next layer. This procedure is repeated for each layer, with the final image formed from the individual layer images. Layer-stripping migration consists of three steps: (1) layer definition, (2) wavefield extrapolation and imaging, and (3) boundary determination. The migration scheme when used with reverse-time extrapolation is similar to datuming with an imaging condition. The reverse-time method uses an explicit fourth-order time, tenth-order space, finite-difference approximation to the scalar wave equation.The advantages of layer-stripping reverse-time migration are: (1) it preserves the benefits of the reverse-time method by handling strong velocity contrasts between layers and steeply dipping structures; (2) it reduces computer memory and saves computation time in high-velocity layers, and (3) it allows interpretational control of the image.Post-stack layer-stripping reverse-time migration is illustrated with a synthetic CMP data example. Prestack migration is illustrated with a synthetic data set and with a marine seismic reflection profile across the Santa Maria Basin and the Hosgri Fault in central California.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1994.tb00206.x
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  • 23
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    Digitale Medien
    The potential of a noise-reducing antenna for surface NMR groundwater surveys in the earth's magnetic field (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 42 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A method of non-invasive NMR in the earth's field has been developed and is now used for groundwater surveys to depths of investigation of 100 m or more.A circular wire loop of diameter 100 m, laid out on the ground, is employed to excite and receive the NMR signal in the earth's field. However, in areas with high electromagnetic noise, the NMR measurements may be inaccurate.To overcome this problem, a noise-reducing figure-of-eight-shaped antenna, consisting of two touching coils each of diameter 50 m, has been utilized.Using this antenna, the NMR signal has been calculated for different depths of water-saturated layers with various inclinations of the geomagnetic field. The model calculations and experimental data have been compared and found to be mutually consistent. The two-coil antenna is shown to be suitable for studies at depths of up to 30–40 m, which is of practical importance for engineering geology.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1994.tb00245.x
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Inversion for seismic anisotropy using genetic algorithms (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 42 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A general inversion scheme based on a genetic algorithm is developed to invert seismic observations for anisotropic parameters. The technique is applied to the inversion of shear-wave observations from two azimuthal VSP data sets from the Conoco test site in Oklahoma. Horizontal polarizations and time-delays are inverted for hexagonal and orthorhombic symmetries. The model solutions are consistent with previous studies using trial and error matching of full waveform synthetics. The shear-wave splitting observations suggest the presence of a shear-wave line singularity and are consistent with a dipping fracture system which is known to exist at the test site. Application of the inversion scheme prior to full waveform modelling demonstrates that a considerable saving in time is possible whilst retaining the same degree of accuracy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1994.tb00249.x
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ground penetrating radar sounding of a temperate glacier; modelling of a multilayered medium (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 42 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A numerical simulation of electromagnetic propagation through a multilayered medium is performed in order to explain and interpret the signal received from the radar sounding of a temperate glacier. During the winter of 1990, several radar profiles were obtained on the Mont-de-Lans glacier in the French Alps with a ground penetrating radar which uses a phase modulation of the transmitted pulse by coded sequences. The pulse compression is obtained by applying the matched filter to the received signal, which provides a range-resolution of about 8 m in the ice. The profiles recorded on the temperate glacier do not show a single clear reflection from the ice-bedrock interface, but they exhibit widely distributed energy decreasing with depth. This may be due to the inhomogeneous inner structure of the temperate glacier and we use a simple model of a layered medium to compute a simulation of the propagation. Thus, partial reflection at each layer and scattering from a rough basal interface may explain the observed signal. A computer-based technique is used to locate on the data the bottom of the glacier in order to estimate the ice thickness. The results from the different radar profiles are consistent and are a good fit to the thickness which has been determined by other geophysical methods.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1994.tb00237.x
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cased borehole effects on downhole seismic measurements (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 42 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Both approximate and exact formulations for the interaction of an incident elastic wave with a cased borehole are presented. In the approximate method, simple and explicit formulae are derived for the pressure in fluid at low frequencies. In the exact method, elastic potentials in each annulus are represented as a superposition of fundamental solutions to the Helmholtz equations. Continuity of displacements and stresses across layer boundaries are used to determine unknown coefficients. A global matrix algorithm is employed to compute simultaneously these coefficients in individual layers. Calculations show that, in cased boreholes, the borehole effects on downhole seismic measurements are more significant than in open boreholes. A strong resonance occurs in the fluid for SV-wave incidence from a soft formation. This resonance is prominent even at very high frequencies because the tube-wave velocity is raised well above the formation shear velocity by the steel pipe. At a particular angle of incidence of a plane P-wave, the pressure in the fluid is near zero at low frequencies (the cased borehole screening phenomenon). For hard formations and frequencies above 1 kHz, the cased borehole influence on a downhole geophone measurement is significant, especially at grazing incidence. For soft formations, both the pressure in the fluid and the solid displacement on the borehole wall show strong dependence on frequency and angle of incidence, even at low frequencies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1994.tb00241.x
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Inversion of reflection seismograms by differential semblance analysis: algorithm structure and synthetic examples (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 42 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Seismograms predicted from acoustic or elastic earth models depend very non-linearly on the long wavelength components of velocity. This sensitive dependence demands the use of special variational principles in waveform-based inversion algorithms. The differential semblance variational principle is well-suited to velocity inversion by gradient methods, since its objective function is smooth and convex over a large range of velocity models. An extension of the adjoint state technique yields an accurate estimate of the differential semblance gradient. Non-linear conjugate gradient iteration is quite successful in locating the global differential semblance minimum, which is near the ordinary least-squares global minimum when coherent data noise is small. Several examples, based on the 2D primaries-only acoustic model, illustrate features of the method and its performance.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1994.tb00231.x
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Using fractal crustal magnetization models in magnetic interpretation (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 42 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Evidence from borehole susceptibility logs and the spectral analysis of aeromagnetic data suggests that the three-dimensional distribution of magnetization within the crust can be described as fractal. This property can be exploited in magnetic interpretation methods which explicitly require statistical information on the spatial variation of magnetization. Specifically, we address the problem of magnetic source depth estimation through downward continuation and gridding aeromagnetic survey data using the method of kriging.When magnetic data are continued downwards the depth at which the power spectrum flattens out (the ‘white’ depth) can be taken to be an estimate of the top of the source distribution. This procedure assumes that individual sources are uncorrelated with each other. Taking into account the correlation of the magnetization using a fractal description leads to a reduction in this depth estimate.Gridding of randomly distributed magnetic measurements using kriging requires an estimate of the covariance of the data. Compared with the assumption of a white (uncorrelated) magnetization distribution, using fractal covariances for kriging produces gridded estimates which more closely reflect the statistics of the underlying magnetization process and produce maps with a justifiable degree of smoothness.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1994.tb00235.x
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A physical approach to computing magnetic fields (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 42 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The superposition integral expressing the field due to a magnetic source body is relatively simple to evaluate in the case of a homogeneous magnetization. In practice this generally requires that any remnant component is uniform and the susceptibility of the body is sufficiently low to permit the assumption of a uniform induced magnetization. Under these conditions the anomalous magnetic field due to a polyhedral body can be represented in an intuitive and physically appealing manner. It is demonstrated that the components of the magnetic field H can be expressed as a simple combination of the potentials due to two elementary source distributions. These are, firstly, a uniform double layer (normally directed dipole moment density) located on the planar polygonal faces of the body and, secondly, a uniform line source located along its edges. In practice both of these potentials (and thus the required magnetic field components) are easily computed. The technique is applicable to polyhedra with arbitrarily shaped faces and the relevant expressions for the magnetic field components are suitable for numerical evaluation everywhere except along the edges of the body where they display a logarithmic singularity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1994.tb00218.x
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Normal moveout in focus (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 42 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Improving the accuracy of NMO corrections and of the corresponding interval velocities entails implementing a better approximation than the formula used since the beginning of seismic processing. The exact equations are not practical as they include many unknowns. The approximate expression has only two unknowns, the reflection time and the rms velocity, but becomes inaccurate for large apertures of the recording system and heterogeneous vertical velocities. Several methods of improving the accuracy have been considered, but the gains do not compensate for the dramatic increase in computing time. Two alternative equations are proposed: the first containing two parameters, the reflection time and the focusing time, is not valid for apertures much greater than is the standard formula, but has a much faster computing time and does not stretch the far traces; the other, containing three parameters, the reflection time, like focusing time and the tuning velocity, retains high frequencies for apertures about twice those allowed by the standard equation. Its computing time can be kept within the same limits. NMO equations, old and new, are designed strictly for horizontal layering, but remain reliable as long as the rays travel through the same layers in both the down and up directions.An equation, similar to Dix's formula, is given to compute the interval velocities. The entire scheme can be automated to produce interval-velocity sections without manual picking.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1994.tb00222.x
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Tectonic modelling in the Bjørnøya West Basin of the Western Barents Sea (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 42 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The Bjøirnøya West Basin lies between latitudes 73° and 74°, longitudes 16°E and 18°E, contains at least 8 km of sediments deposited from the Late Jurassic, and is of considerable interest for hydrocarbon exploration. The Cenozoic extensional tectonics in the basin can be clearly seen from seismic data with normal faulting and from subsidence curves with rapid subsidence. The extension occurred during the Late Palaeocene with active extension lasting about 6 million years (m.y.) followed by thermal cooling. The tectonic subsidence within the study area shows a three-phase development: phase 1, synrift (58–52 Ma (million years before the present day)), is characterized by rapid subsidence; phase 2, postrift (52–5 Ma), by slow subsidence with occasional uplift; and phase 3 (5–0 Ma), by rapid subsidence. An adaptive finite-element model, with consideration of the radiogenic heat production in the lithosphere, has been used to model the subsidence and heat flow. The modelling of subsidence shows the β-factor distribution varying from 1.9 to 3.5 with an average of 2.4 for the uniform lithospheric extension. The heat-flow modelling predicts a rapid increase of heat flow during the Early Palaeocene. The maximum heat flow at about 52 Ma, which could be as much as 3.0 hfu (10−6 cal/cm2/s), was followed by a decrease in heat flow. A plate-weakening model has been proposed to explain the rapid subsidence for the last 5 m.y. by flexure of the elastic lithosphere which is weakened by a decrease in elastic thickness caused by an increase of the temperature gradient in the lithosphere. The plate-weakening model predicts a heat-flow increase at 5 Ma of up to 2.0 hfu. Our study, using quantitative modelling of the tectonic subsidence, provides a partial (if not a full) understanding of the tectonic development and thermal evolution of the Bjønøya West Basin.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1994.tb00211.x
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Elastic modelling on a grid with vertically varying spacing (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 42 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: We present a discrete modelling scheme which solves the elastic wave equation on a grid with vertically varying grid spacings. Spatial derivatives are computed by finite-difference operators on a staggered grid. The time integration is performed by the rapid expansion method. The use of variable grid spacings adds flexibility and improves the efficiency since different spatial sampling intervals can be used in regions with different material properties. In the case of large velocity contrasts, the use of a non-uniform grid avoids spatial oversampling in regions with high velocities. The modelling scheme allows accurate modelling up to a spatial sampling rate of approximately 2.5 gridpoints per shortest wavelength. However, due to the staggering of the material parameters, a smoothing of the material parameters has to be applied at internal interfaces aligned with the numerical grid to avoid amplitude errors and timing inaccuracies. The best results are obtained by smoothing based on slowness averaging. To reduce errors in the implementation of the free-surface boundary condition introduced by the staggering of the stress components, we reduce the grid spacing in the vertical direction in the vicinity of the free surface to approximately 10 gridpoints per shortest wavelength. Using this technique we obtain accurate results for surface waves in transversely isotropic media.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1994.tb00215.x
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A Composite Index for Statistical Inference for Ranking Metropolitan Areas (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 25 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The construction of a composite index is described to rank U.S. metropolitan areas for educational attainment. The suggested methodology departs from traditional rank sum methods in that this approach utilizes data resulting in a continuous scale, whereas in the rank sum method, no use is made of the actual values of the data, but merely their rankings. The proposed index circumvents several practical problems because the numbers generated are metric measures allowing the use of arithmetic and statistical operations. Data used are pupil/teacher ratio, an effort index, and academic options in higher education. Comparisons are made across areas by population size and by geographic region.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1994.tb00152.x
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An Evaluation of State Budget Stabilization Funds Among Midwestern States (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 25 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Using data from the National Conference of State Legislatures, this paper examines the state budget stabilization funds of Indiana, Iowa, Missouri, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin. Unlike previous research, this paper examines the movement of the fund balances over time (between 1983 and 1991), to see how the fund balances move in relation to a number of indicators of state fiscal health. The results of this research show that the use of these funds varies significantly among the states as does the level of funding and therefore the ability of the funds to serve as an effective tool for counter-cyclical state fiscal policy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1994.tb00154.x
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Book Reviews (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 25 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Book reviewed in this article:Agriculture, Environment, and Health: Sustainable Development in the 21st Century. Vernon W. Ruttan, Editor.Managing Water as an Economic Resource. James Winpenny.Trials of Transition: Economic Reform in the Former Communist Bloc. Michael Keren and Gur Ofer, Editors.Tower Block: Modern Public Houslng in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Miles Glendinning and Stefan Muthesius.Capital and Communities in Black and White: The Intersections of Race, Class, and Uneven Development. Gregory S.Restructuring for Innovation: The Remaking of the U.S. Semiconductor Industry. David P. Angel.Technopolis: High-Technology Industry and Regional Development in Southern California. Allen J. Scott.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1994.tb00157.x
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    State Employment Growth: The Impact of Taxes and Economic Development Agency Spending (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 25 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The results of this study confirm the expected positive relationship between economic development agency spending and employment growth among the states. Furthermore, it is concluded that past studies, by failing to control for state economic development agency spending in estimated regression equations, have underestimated the negative impact of personal taxes on employment growth.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1994.tb00145.x
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Industrial Innovation among Small and Medium-Sized Firms in a Declining Region (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 25 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This paper explores the impact of new technology adoption upon the market performance of small industrial firms. Survey data from a six-sector sample of Western New York manufacturers are presented. The results suggest a positive relationship between new technology adoption and growth of exports, value-added, and total sales. A central finding of the study is that flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) confer different types of technical and commercial advantages across sectors. Two broad groups of process innovators are identified: (1) those that adopt new technology primarily to cut unit costs; and (2) those that aspire toward greater production flexibility. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the regional development implications that flow from the empirical results.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1994.tb00967.x
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A Survey of Group Technology Adoption in the American Midwest (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 25 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This paper presents results of a hierarchical, fixed-question survey that sought responses about flexible machining cells, flexible labor cells, and concurrent changes in plant operations among nonelectrical machinery manufacturers in Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin. General results indicate that the majority of firms in the American Midwest do not possess flexible manufacturing capability. Of those that do possess this capability, most adopted flexible labor cells prior to adopting flexible machining cells. These cells are small, employing relatively few workers and producing a limited line of products. While the adoption process has been plagued with training, scheduling, and integration problems, most plant managers are pleased with the performance of their flexible manufacturing cells. Management has been reluctant to break out of traditional relationships with suppliers, to trim levels of management and to explore strategic alliances with competitors. Survey results are disaggregated by year, size, positon-in-organization, and by union affiliation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1994.tb00969.x
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Book Review (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 25 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Book Review in This Article:POSTMODERN CONTENTIONS: EPOCHS, POLITICS, SPACE. Edited by John Paul Jones III, Wolfgang Natter, and Theodore Schatzki.RESTRUCTURING HEGEMONY IN THE GLOBAL POLITICAL ECONOMY: THE RISE OF TRANSNATIONAL NEW-LIBERALISM IN THE 1980s. Edited by Henk Overbeek.THE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS IN SMALL ISLAND STATES. Edited by Douglas G. Lockhart, David Drakakis-Smith, and John Schembri.DEFENSE SPENDING AND ECONOMIC GROWTH. Edited by James E. Payne and Anandi Sahu.URBAN FINANCE UNDER SIEGE. Edited by Thomas R. Swartz and Frank J. Bonello.STATE & RESERVATION: NEW PERSPECTIVES ON FEDERAL INDIAN POLICY. Edited by George Pierre Castile and Robert L. Bee.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1994.tb00973.x
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nonemployment Income and the Economic Base of Michigan Counties: 1959–1986 (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 25 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Despite the fact that nonemployment income makes up approximately one-third of all personal income, its impact on local area economies has not been closely examined. This study uses Michigan county data to examine the impact of nonemployment income on nonbasic income over a twenty-seven-year period. This impact is compared to the impact of basic income by employing regression analysis to estimate comparative multiplier effects for both types of income. Nonemployment income is found to have a significant impact on nonbasic income, particularly in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan urban counties, where its impact appears to be stronger than that of basic income.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1994.tb00142.x
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Announcement (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 25 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1994.tb00974.x
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Canada and the International System of Bank Headquarters Cities, 1968–1989 (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 25 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This paper examines spatial-temporal trends in the international system of corporate banking centers. It is evident that the largest corporations locate their headquarters in a formal national decision-making hierarchy and that national and regional nodes within this hierarchy house the headquarters of major banks. Initially these banks link clients internally. However, as domestic corporations evolve into transnationals, banks follow their customers overseas and establish foreign headquarters. The results of the study indicate that, until 1975, American banking corporations and their financial centers dominated global banking. Since then other countries, most notably Japan and Germany, have successfully challenged this hegemony, while others like the United Kingdom and Canada have been in relative decline. The 1980s witnessed a new era of international coordination of the world's largest industrial countries. Canada, for example, opened its doors to international banking, joined the G-7, and presently is linked to the world's major banking centers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1994.tb00141.x
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  • 43
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    Digitale Medien
    The Retail Bank CD Market: An Assessment of Geographic Scope (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 25 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Over the past fifteen years, legislative, regulatory, and technological changes have occurred which have redefined the concept of a “local” bank deposit market. This study employs an interest rate covariability model to evaluate the geographic extent of bank retail CD markets. Classifying deposits according to both size and maturity, a total of four markets are analyzed using yield data for six major state banking areas. The evidence presented for all four cases supports the view that significant, though not perfect, integration exists. The principal finding is that the geographic scope of retail CD markets is inversely related to both size and maturity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1994.tb00153.x
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Community Level Multipliers for Rural Development Initiatives (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 25 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The success of economic development initiatives in achieving a significant and sustained improvement for a target area is strongly influenced by the size of the local multiplier. New economic activity is generally site specific and the proportion of spending and re-spending that generates local multiplier effect will vary with the hierarchical level of community in which the activity is located. Leakages in the form of outshopping by community residents and expenditures in the community that constitute payments to agents outside the home community are estimated for communities in six functional levels that, combined, represent the complete trade center hierarchy in Saskatchewan. The resulting multipliers are found to vary with functional level, with the smallest communities having the smallest multipliers. When rural areas are being targeted for economic development, more rural economic activity can be generated by focusing on relatively large rural communities.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1994.tb00155.x
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The End of an Era: Asian NIEs in the Global Economy (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 25 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Hong Kong, Singapore, Korea, and Taiwan (the Asian newly industrialized economies [NIEs]) were the economic success stories of the 1970s and 1980s. While there are a number of competing explanations for their rapid growth, some focusing upon the process of export-led development, the Asian NIEs face a more hostile global competitive environment than heretofore acknowledged. Their competitiveness in labor-intensive and traded-goods manufactured industries has been undermined by new competitors including the ASEAN countries of Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and the Philippines, as well as China. With new competitors, the rise of trading blocs, and the shrinkage of export surpluses (over imports) it is doubtful if the NIEs will be able to sustain past rates of growth over the coming years. The capacity to adjust efficiently to changing circumstances has become a vital determinate of long-term growth of the NIEs. Whatever the virtues of past state-based industrial policies, restructuring is now a very important part of the life of firms in the NIEs’labor-intensive industries. Moreover, the significance of these industries in each of the NIEs has been undercut by the growing importance of the global finance industry and its attendant political economy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1994.tb00156.x
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The Work trips of Rural Non-metropolitan Women in Iowa (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 25 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The paper presents a model of worktrip length for rural nonmetropolitan resident women. We find that some factors important in constraining the length of urban women's commute, such as linking worktrips with household-related trips. are less relevant in a rural setting. We also find that women working in non-feminized occupations, women receiving employer-provided health benefits, and women with better transportation resources, tend to have longer worktrips.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1994.tb00148.x
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    ANNOUNCEMENTS (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 25 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1994.tb00150.x
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Government Policy and the Export Performance of the Mexican Automobile Industry (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 25 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This paper presents a historical perspective of growth of the Mexican automobile industry, focusing on the changing position of Third-World producers within the global motor vehicle industry. Both the impact of Mexican government policies directed toward increasing international competitiveness and that of adjustments made by transnational corporations to changes in technology and production methods are reviewed. Finally, a demand function that relates the proportion of the industry output that is exported to relative producer prices, Mexican and U.S. income, and government policy variables is estimated. The results of that analysis are consistent with the hypotheses that Mexican automotive sector exports are significantly related to (1) relative Mexico/U.S. producer prices, (2) income in the United States, and (3) changes in Mexican government export promotion policies initiated in 1983. These specific results, coupled with the global changes taking place in the industry, lead to the conclusion that Mexico can be expected to continue on its course toward fuller integration into the world motor vehicle industry as a producer of both finished vehicles and parts. While this would be a probable scenario even in the absence of the North American Free Trade Agreement, the Agreement is likely to accelerate the growth of internationally competitive automotive sector production in Mexico.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1994.tb00146.x
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Regional Economic Convergence in Mexico: An Analysis by Industry (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 25 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Existing studies of convergence across jurisdictions of a nation have focused on developed economies. A key assumption underlying regional convergence is geographical factor mobility, and in a developed economy, mobility is facilitated by low transportation costs. By the same token, convergence in a less-developed economy may be impeded by the absence of a well-developed transportation infrastructure. We examine the rate and industrial composition of economic convergence in a neighboring less-developed country (LDC), Mexico, to examine how it might have differed from the U.S. experience.We find evidence of stronger convergence in Gross State Product per capita in Mexico relative to existing estimates of U.S. convergence. Further, while manufacturing activity has been found to be a primary source of convergence in the U.S., we find weaker evidence of convergence of manufacturing activity in Mexico. On the other hand, industries such as hotels and transportation were found to be significantly influential in regional convergence in the Mexican economy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1994.tb00147.x
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Flexible Manufacturing (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 25 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1994.tb00966.x
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Book Reviews (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 25 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Book reviewed in this article:Institutional Incentives and Sustainable Development: Infrastructure Policies in Perspective. Elinor Ostrom, Larry Schroeder, and Susan Wynne.The Colonizer's Model OF THE World: Geographical Diffusionism AND Eurocentric History. James Blaut.The Age OF Migration: International Population Movements IN The Modern World. Stephen Castles and Mark J. Miller.Environmental Problems In Eastern Europe. F.W. Carter and D. Turnock, Editors.China's Economic Reform: Administering The Introduction Of The Market Mechanism. George Totten and Zhou Shulian.Regional Advantage: Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley And Route 128. AnnaLee Saxenian.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1994.tb00151.x
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Production System Changes in the Korean Consumer Electronics Sector (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 25 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This paper establishes the concept of production system as an analytical framework to embrace recent industrial changes. Five dimensions of production system changes are posited. A case study of the Korean consumer electronics sector shows that the companies have experienced diverse patterns of changes, but these changes are generally related to plant location, ownership, export orientation, and company size.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1994.tb00968.x
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Production Politics and Flexible Manufacturing in the South Wales Motor Components Sector (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 25 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This paper focuses on restructuring in eleven first-tier suppliers in the South Wales motor components sector and examines the influence of production politics, including plant-local labor market relations, on the implementation of flexible manufacaturing during the 1980s. Although industrial geographers have recognized the role of recruitment and training in the restructuring of the spatial division of labor they have tended to focus primarily on the role of new firms operating at “green field” sites and view this process as functional to the needs of capital. However, the argument of this paper will be that while new forms of work organization are influenced by the technical and commercial possibilities of new technology and markets, the form of work organization cannot simply be “read off” from the macro-economic level, but will be partially determined by existing spatiallyuneven social relations of production.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1994.tb00970.x
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Institutions and Economic Transformation: The Case of Postwar Japanese Capitalism (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 25 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Institutions matter to economic development—particularly to the process of economic transformation. New technologies and new ways of organizing economic activity do not emerge in a vacuum, but bear the imprint of institutional arrangements. Economic transformation thus entails institutional adaptation as well as technological change—the emergence of new ways of organizing production or production systems and new sets of social and economic relationships which provide the institutional context for economic growth and development. Just as importantly, new institutional arrangements do not emerge tabula rasa, but reflect the legacy of old social and institutional forms. Given particular social and institutional legacies, different societies adapt differently to economic transformation. This article employs a theoretically-informed comparative examination of postwar Japanese capitalism to explore the critical role played by institutions in the process of economic transformation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1994.tb00972.x
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Technology, Industrial Restructuring, and Regional Development (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 25 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This paper presents a contemporary survey and synthesis of research on the regional dimensions of technology and competitiveness and explores ways in which technological change has influenced industrial restructuring in U.S. regions. Neoclassical models of regional growth are judged to be seriously wanting in their treatment of technological change. Industrial organization theories such as product/profit cycles, best-practice firms, and flexible specialization have proven to be more illuminating. However, the task remains to integrate technology as a core element in a geography of production and regional economic change that includes both global strategic decision-making of companies and the viability of plants in particular regional settings. Although the federal government as sponsor and procurer of technology has contributed significantly to regional industrial restructuring, the prospects for state and local governments to facilitate technological change appear to be very limited.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1994.tb00149.x
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Flexibility and Adjustment: The Hong Kong Watch Industry and Global Change (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 25 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: A case study of the Hong Kong watch industry demonstrates the adaptive flexibility of labor-intensive industrial clusters. The study describes the evolution of industry in Hong Kong, and highlights the unique attributes of the country's economic history which have influenced the structure of production systems in the country. Focusing on the role of global competition, the case study identifies the constraints posed by a labor-intensive flexible production system in the face of continuous technological change in the industry.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1994.tb00971.x
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of World Demand and Competitiveness on Exports and Economic Growth (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 25 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: There is little consensus in the development literature on whether it is supply explanations such as competitiveness levels, or, the external demand structure which drive the link between exports and economic growth. This paper attempts to reconcile the polarization of the aforementioned viewpoints by examining the effects of both world demand and a country's competitiveness in exports on the relationship between export growth and economic growth. The results indicate that only developing countries which are highly competitive and which also face relatively favorable external demand for their exports experience above-average growth. Weak external demand reduces the positive effects of exports on growth substantially but may be offset by high levels of competitiveness in trade. The results imply that both regional and Third World growth studies on the link between exports and economic growth would profit more from integrating both supply as well as external demand explanations rather than succumb to one of the two viewpoints.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1994.tb00140.x
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Interregional Spillovers in Regional Impact Assessment: New Mexico, Texas, and the Supreme Court (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 25 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Input-output models are frequently used to estimate impacts, benefits or damages from some event. These analytic models and the questions they are designed to answer are usually based on political definitions of regions. However the true impacts propagate according to the actual spatial pattern of the regional economy. Because of the divergence between the political regions used for analysis and the economic regions on the ground, the economic impacts which spill over political boundaries can sometimes become analytically important. This paper applies these concepts to a case study of allocating irrigation water from the Pecos River in Texas and New Mexico. The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that New Mexico used water belonging to Texas. Our analysis suggests that the spillover benefits to Texas from New Mexico's use of the water might equal or exceed the benefits which Texas would have gotten from using the water itself. Texas might be better off because New Mexico took its water.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1994.tb00143.x
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Book Reviews (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 25 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Book reviewed in this article:The Structure of a Modern Economy: The United States, 1929–89. by Kenneth E. Boulding.Inequality Reexamined. Amartya Sen.Work in the Fast Lane: Flexibility, Divisions of Labor, and Inequality in High-Tech Industries. Glenna Colclough and Charles M. Tolbert II.Persistent Poverty in Rural America. Rural Sociological Society Task Force on Persistent Rural Poverty.Deep Disagreement in U.S. Agriculture: Making Sense of Policy Conflict. by Christopher Hamlin and Philip T. Shepard.Dividing the Waters: Governing Groundwater in Southern California. William Blomquist.Trading Industries: Trading Regions. Helzi Noponen, Julie Graham and Ann Markusen, editors.Trading in a New World Order: The Impact of Telecommunications and Data Services on International Trade in Services by Bruno Lanvin, editor.Exports and Local Development: Mexico's New Maquiladoras. Patricia A. Wilson.Latin America's Turnaround: Privatization, Foreign Investment, and Growth. Paul H. Boeker, editor.The Dynamics of Liberalization: Tanzania and the IMF by Horace Campbell and Howard Stein, editors.Keynes General Theory of Interest: A Reconsideration. Fiona C. Maclachlan.Microcomputer-Based Input-Output Modeling: Applications to Economic Development. Daniel M. Otto and Thomas G. Johnson, editors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1994.tb00144.x
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  • 60
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    Digitale Medien
    REEVALUATING THE ‘PROCOMPETITIVE’ EFFECTS OF HMOs: A SPATIAL EQUILIBRIUM APPROACH (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 34 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: . .The growth of health maintenance organizations (HMOs) commonly has been viewed as a “procompetitive” change in the structure of the health care delivery system. Because HMOs collect a prepaid fee from subscribers, they serve a dual role as insurers and providers of health care. While HMOs may have competed directly with conventional insurance plans, their effect in health care markets is potentially quite different. A multisector spatial equilibrium model, which incorporates the optimizing behavior of consumers, independent fee-for-service(FFS)providers, and a centralized HMO, is used to explore the effects of an exogenous shift in market structure away from FFS delivery toward the provision of seivices by the HMO. As more physicians are diverted from FFS practice to enter the HMO, both the HMO membership fee and prices in the FFS sector tend to rise. This pattern is consistent with empirical trends in the United States during the 1980s where, despite the rapid growth in HMOs and other forms of prepaid care, both FFS prices and HMO membership fees have risen sharply.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.1994.tb00854.x
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  • 61
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    Digitale Medien
    A GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS OF RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION UNDER UNCERTAINTY (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 34 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: . This paper analyzes the implications of an exogenous shift in relative prices for an economy that suffers from urban unemployment, as well as uncertainty, in the agricultural sector. Among other things, we show that with agricultural uncertainty, an exogenous shift in relative prices will lower agricultural profit. This result is in sharp contrast with the conventional case of risk-neutrality or certainty where agricultural profit is unaffected by changes in the terms of trade.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.1994.tb00857.x
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  • 62
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    Digitale Medien
    GUEST EDITOR'S INTRODUCTION: HERE'S THE AI (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 10 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1994.tb00139.x
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  • 63
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    Digitale Medien
    EXPLOITING CAUSAL STRUCTURE TO CONTROL RETRIEVAL AND REFITTING DURING PLAN REUSE (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 10 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: The ability to reuse existing plans to solve new planning problems can enable a domain-independent planner to improve its average case efficiency by exploiting the problem distribution and avoiding repetition of planning effort. The pay-off from plan reuse, however, crucially depends on finding effective solutions to two important underlying control problems: (i) controlling the retrieval of an appropriate plan and mapping to be reused in a new situation, and (ii) controlling the modification (refitting) of the retrieved plan so as to minimize perturbation to the applicable parts of the plan. This paper is concerned with the development of efficient domain-independent solutions to these two problems. For the retrieval, it provides a domain independent similarity metric that utilizes the plan causal dependency structure to estimate the utility of reusing a given plan in a new problem situation. For the refitting, it presents a minimum-conflict heuristic, again based on the causal dependency structure of the plan, to conservatively control the modification. The paper also discusses the implementation and evaluation of these strategies within the PRIAR plan modification framework.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1994.tb00164.x
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  • 64
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    Digitale Medien
    BELIEVING ON THE BASIS OF QUALITATIVE RULES: COMMENTARY ON KYBURG (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 10 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1994.tb00142.x
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  • 65
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    Digitale Medien
    INFERENCE AND ACCEPTANCE: COMMENTS ON KYBURG'S “BELIEVING ON THE BASIS OF THE EVIDENCE” (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 10 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1994.tb00145.x
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    EVIDENTIAL PROBABILITIES ARE NOT ENOUGH (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 10 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1994.tb00146.x
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    ON A GENERAL APPROACH TO HEDGED REASONING (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 10 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1994.tb00144.x
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    HEDGES, BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE, AND EVIDENCE: A REPLY TO KYBURG'S “BELIEVING ON THE BASIS OF THE EVIDENCE” (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 10 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1994.tb00147.x
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    THE ROLE OF PROBABILITY IN EPISTEMOLOGY (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 10 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1994.tb00154.x
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    DISCUSSION OF KYBURG'S “BELIEVING ON THE BASIS OF THE EVIDENCE” (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 10 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1994.tb00155.x
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    TRANSPORTATION AND TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE SINGAPORE EXTENDED METROPOLITAN REGION (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 15 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie
    Notizen: This paper examines the interface between port cities, urban regions and their transportation systems with respect to Singapore. The development of the regional Singaporean transactional space incorporates the province of Johor in Malaysia and the Riau islands in Indonesia, with the resulting spatial pattern and linkages forming an Extended Metropolitan Region (EMR). An EMR spatial model is presented in which transportation is a key factor. This model explains four processes of territorial development — densification, dissemination, extension and contraction. Densification is a process of spatial accumulation of economic activities within an area and aims at higher levels of productivity. Dissemination is a spatial relocation of unproductive economic activity towards productive areas. Extension is a space/time collapse enabling economic activities to extend over a large territory while maintaining low distribution costs. Contraction is a rationalisation of distribution systems facing growing transportation costs and competition from other systems. Based on the framework provided by the spatial model and available evidence, an assessment of transportation and territorial development in the Singapore EMR is undertaken. The analysis underlines the role of Singapore as a regional transhipment centre and its maritimefland interface function.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9493.1994.tb00245.x
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    THAT WAS THEN, THIS IS NOW: FORTY YEARS OF SOCIAL & ECONOMIC CHANGE IN THE TROPICAL THIRD WORLD (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 14 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie
    Notizen: Although the last 40 years have witnessed enormous changes within the Third World, many of these have been uneven in their intensity and impact. Indeed, the widening differences between developing countries beg the question as to whether they constitute a cohesive collectivity.This essay makes a comparison between the tropical Third World of the 1950s and that of the 1990s. In many ways the former was much more set and predictable in its relationships and structure than today. However, the changes which have taken place over the last 40 years have not always been to the advantage or lasting benefit of the majority of people in the Third World. A realistic appraisal of future problems and how these might be addressed is thus a central theme of this discussion.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9493.1993.tb00043.x
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A REVIEW OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY IN SOUTH ASIA (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 14 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie
    Notizen: The development of physical geography in South Asia has generally followed the British and European trends. Diverse themes from denudational chronology to palaeoflood geomorphology have attracted the attention of geomorphologists, particularly in the last 25 years. In addition, geographers’ interest in climatology and biogeography became pronounced during the 1980s. Major methodological shifts in the late 1960s in the west have affected geographical studies in South Asia. These shifts include the use of methods of quantification, remote sensing data, and the increased importance of field and laboratory studies. The second notable aspect in recent times is the accelerating interest amongst physical geographers in environmental studies and the applied aspects of the discipline as well as an increased interaction with scientists in cognate fields. An attempt is also made to identify the key research themes that will interest physical geographers in the near future.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9493.1993.tb00049.x
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY IN SOUTHEAST ASIA: PAST THEMES, CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE TRENDS (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 14 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie
    Notizen: Our knowledge regarding the physical geography of Southeast Asia is incomplete to a surprising extent. This paper reviews the past research, describes the ongoing work, and attempts to identify the future trends. Coverage of such a large area, even for the last 25 years, requires study of publications in several languages and coping with literature which is not easily available. Therefore certain topics. which are prominent in current research and likely to remain so in the future were chosen and reviewed in detail. Such topics include studies related to active plate margin features; the Pleistocene in Southeast Asia; erosion and sedimentation rates; rainforest; river systems; karst in Southeast Asia; coastal geomorphology; and the urban environment.Environmental studies are rapidly gaining importance chiefly because of (a) the destruction of the natural vegetation and the associated loss of biodiversity and (b) the growing problems due to accelerated erosion and sedimentation This trend is likely to continue with accelerated destruction of forests, development of coastal areas, and urbanization of the landscape The direction of research in physical geography of Southeast Asia has been determined by a combination of individual research interest, governmental priorities, and international expectations
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9493.1993.tb00051.x
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    ASSESSING EXPORT OPTIMISM VERSUS EXPORT PESSIMISM IN TROPICAL COUNTRIES (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 15 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie
    Notizen: This paper attempts to reconcile two major conflicting viewpoints regarding the effects of export expansion on economic growth. The first, export optimism, looks to supply factors such as international competitiveness with the view that a favourable export performance results in significant economic growth for a country. The second, export pessimism, argues that exports only contribute significantly to a country's economic growth when the external demand is favourable. Using the Expansion Methodology, the paper shows that the effects of demand and supply factors on the relationship between export growth and economic growth are about the same. The results suggest that while unfavourable demand weakens the aforementioned relationship, tropical countries can offset this by being competitive in their exports. They also caution against excessive weight being given to export-promotion by export optimists as the exports-growth relationship weakens considerably when the external demand falls.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9493.1994.tb00244.x
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    THE TROPICS: ENVIRONMENTS AND HUMAN IMPACTS UNDERSTOOD AND REINTERPRETED (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 14 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie
    Notizen: In the 1950s, few people had travelled widely through different parts of the tropics and interpretations on tropical landforms, soils, vegetation and climate largely rested on impressions gained from residence or long sojourns in particular tropical countries. Most academic geography on the tropics was then written by expatriates and lacked the perspective gained from long experience of tropical regions. Particular problems of understanding arose as people attempted to extrapolate from one part of the tropics to another. Since then, understanding has advanced enormously, largely through the efforts of tropical scientists working in their own institutions and through the greater technological ability to study tropical lands both remotely and through easier field access. The establishment of a number of field stations, aimed primarily at the biological sciences, but also facilitating the work of geographers, has been a major stimulus to this effort. Concerns over practical issues, particularly local development and global climatic change have prompted new avenues of research, many of which have been assisted by the great increase in data collection in tropical countries. For the future, South-South dialogue between tropical physical geographers is needed to improve their ability to ask meaningful questions so that they can contribute to teach the rest of their discipline more about serious applied and applicable geography.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9493.1993.tb00044.x
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    FORTY YEARS OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY IN THE JOURNAL (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 14 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie
    Notizen: This paper reviews the articles published on human geography in the Journal since its inception, and focuses on the contributions made in the major fields of research. In the earlier years of the Journal, the themes of tropical agriculture, population and settlement geography, and historical geography were particularly strong, as was a concern with human-environment relationships. Over the years, articles on urban and regional planning, transport and communications, tourism and recreation, and in social geography were also published, reflecting the increasing spread of themes covered. One of the most significant dimensions of change in the Journal has been a shift from a descriptive orientation of the articles to one emphasizing theory development and evaluation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9493.1993.tb00053.x
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    PATTERNS AND VARIATIONS OF RAINFALL OVER BANJUL, GAMBIA (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 14 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9493.1994.tb00220.x
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    COEXISTENT BORDERLANDS AND INTRA-STATE CONFLICTS IN MAINLAND SOUTHEAST ASIA (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 14 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9493.1994.tb00223.x
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A shell environment for developing connectionist decision support systems (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 11 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: This paper presents the architecture of a neural network expert system shell. The system captures every rule as a rudimentary neural network, which is called a network element (netel). The aim is to preserve the semantic structure of the expert system rules, while incorporating the learning capability of neural networks into the inferencing mechanism. These netel rules are dynamically linked up to form the rule-tree during the inferencing process, just as a conventional expert system does. The system is also able to adjust its inference strategy according to different users and situations. A rule editor is provided to enable easy maintenance of the netel rules. These components are housed under a user-friendly interface. An application
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1994.tb00330.x
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Developing a case-based knowledge system for AIDS prevention (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 11 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: Case-based reasoning (CBR) is a problem-solving paradigm where past experiences are used to guide problem-solving. This paradigm shows a great deal of promise for use in intelligent systems. Recent work in intelligent systems focusing on AIDS prevention reflects a growing interest in the case-based paradigm because AIDS prevention experts rely heavily on memory of previous cases when assessing subjects that exhibit AIDS-risky behaviors. If an AIDS prevention expert has seen a subject with similar AIDS-risky behavior previously, he or she is likely to draw on that experience to propose a solution to the new case at hand. This paper describes a CBR system that functions as an AIDS prevention expert. The inputs are risk behavior descriptions and the subject's test results. The system employs fuzzy mathematical algorithms to retrieve and select previous cases, thereby assessing the subject's risk.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1994.tb00331.x
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    NeuralDesk (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 11 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1994.tb00335.x
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The quality of expert probability judgement: issues and analysis (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 11 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: Many decision-aiding technologies require valid probability judgements to be elicited from domain experts. But how valid are experts' probability judgements? We describe two approaches to the assessment of quality of probability judgement—calibration and coherence—and review the research findings following from these two approaches. In many cases, expert probability judgement has been found to lack validity and this sub-optimality has largely been attributed to computational errors on the part of the expert. The preferred solution to poor validity in probability judgement has therefore been to reduce the amount of computation performed by the expert. Complex probabilities can be calculated mechanically from simple probability judgements elicited from the expert. We present evidence which suggests that this recomposition technique doesn't guarantee valid probabilities. Our explanation for this finding is that there are various problems concerned with eliciting even the simple probabilities which are necessary for subsequent recomposition. We conclude by proposing some solutions to these elicitation problems which should help ensure that probability judgements of increased validity are available to those attempting to capture subjective assessments for input into decision support systems.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1994.tb00321.x
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A hybrid expert system for investment advising (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 11 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: Investor is an investment advising hybrid expert system which incorporates two of the most powerful techniques developed in artificial intelligence, the connectionist and the logic programming paradigms, in a unified model. Investor employs a neural network model to detect the interest rate trends and a rule-based component to classify the user into the appropriate investor model. The investor model and the interest rate information are then used by the knowledge base to infer the appropriate investment strategy. Genetic algorithms and classifier systems were employed to train and configure the architecture of Investor's neural network component.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1994.tb00332.x
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    News (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 11 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1994.tb00337.x
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Application of artificial neural networks for filtering, smoothing and prediction for a biochemical process (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 11 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: The applicability of feed-forward neural networks for filtering, smoothing and prediction for processes is illustrated in this paper, exemplified by a simulated biochemical process. Filtering, smoothing and prediction are valuable for noisy processes and most of the standard techniques need some knowledge about the process or a model of the process. Artificial neural networks provide a good alternative to the conventional filters and do not need a model of the process. The inputs to the networks were one or more state variables with delayed measurements; the networks calculate the noise-free estimates of the variables. The Levenberg-Marquardt method was used to train the neural networks by minimising the sum of squares of the residuals. The results of filtering, smoothing and prediction were reasonably accurate. Linear activation functions were found to be adequate for most purposes. This is due to the fact that the non-linearity of the process is not very strong in the region of state space considered.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1994.tb00322.x
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    When does VR need a big machine (or when will a PC do)? (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 11 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1994.tb00324.x
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    WCCI‘94: It's a fuzzy world out there (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 11 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1994.tb00325.x
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The virtual culture: can culture and technology really converge? (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 11 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1994.tb00326.x
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Superscape VRT (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 11 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1994.tb00327.x
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    News (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 11 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1994.tb00329.x
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An exploratory study of two KA methods (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 11 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: Empirical research into knowledge acquisition (KA) issues is important in the effort to improve the productivity of expert system developers. From an experimental perspective, the few studies that have been reported suffer from certain control and measurement difficulties. Here we conduct a study to demonstrate the feasibility of a new KA experimental strategy. The results of this study partially confirm and partially question results of earlier KA experiments.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1994.tb00001.x
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Book Review (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 11 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Book reviewed in this article:Neural Networks: Current Applications, P.G.J. Lisboa (Ed.)
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1994.tb00328.x
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    MAPS: a language for multi-agent system design (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 11 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: A language for multi-agent system design (MAPS) is presented and discussed in this paper. Any agent in MAPS is thought of as an expert system standing on its own. It can communicate through synchronous and asynchronous message sending. Dedicated behaviours are provided which specify how incoming messages are processed. Inter-agent cooperation is controlled via production rules. Two pre-defined agent classes are provided, which are given specific problem-solving roles: Knowledge Server (KS) agents are meant to maintain and transmit knowledge about problem-solving states, while Knowledge Processor (KP) agents are meant to process these elements in order to progress towards a solution. The duality between agent and resource modelling levels on the one hand and between KS and KP modelling styles on the other is shown to allow the specification of various control strategies. The environment is currently running on HP, SUN and DEC workstations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1994.tb00002.x
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Human resource management expert systems technology (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 11 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: This paper provides human resource managers with important guidelines when applying expert systems to human resource domains, by reviewing system characteristics, potential benefits and limitations, and appropriate domains to be selected, based on the literature. Structural and procedural aspects of expert systems development in human resource management (represented by a wheel model) and problem descriptions of each expert system respectively are important research results in this paper. We also show semantic networks or semantic nets used for a knowledge representation methodology on such major human resource management activities as human resource planning, recruiting, compensation and labor-management relations. Knowledge representation is a key component in the development stages of expert systems.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1994.tb00004.x
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Preventing terminal decline in Poland (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 11 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1994.tb00005.x
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Three levels of benefits in expert systems (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 11 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: This paper is not about knowledge representation, nor knowledge structures, nor knowledge elicitation, nor even expert systems methodology. It is about the use of expert systems in their working context. Little has been written about the usage of expert systems from a theoretical point of view. What has been written from a practitioner's point of view often lacks structure, and thus can make only minor contributions to understanding and predicting the usage of expert systems.In an attempt to fill this gap, this paper proposes a model of benefits of expert systems. The model has three levels and benefits of various kinds are classified into three types. The paper presents a deductive argument for the model, rather than an inductive one, since full empirical studies have yet to be carried out. However, a case study is outlined that indicates the applicability of the model.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1994.tb00003.x
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A new kind of pRAM (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 11 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1994.tb00007.x
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Getting to grips with arrears: ‘data mining’ systems at the Leeds (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 11 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1994.tb00006.x
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Shake-up in the constraints industry (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 11 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1994.tb00008.x
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