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  • Binding Sites  (298)
  • Cloning, Molecular  (233)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (506)
  • PANGAEA
  • 1990-1994  (506)
  • 1965-1969
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (506)
  • PANGAEA
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1990-08-17
    Description: The transcription factor C/EBP uses a bipartite structural motif to bind DNA. Two protein chains dimerize through a set of amphipathic alpha helices termed the leucine zipper. Highly basic polypeptide regions emerge from the zipper to form a linked set of DNA contact surfaces. In the recently proposed a "scissors grip" model, the paired set of basic regions begin DNA contact at a central point and track in opposite directions along the major groove, forming a molecular clamp around DNA. This model predicts that C/EBP must undertake significant changes in protein conformation as it binds and releases DNA. The basic region of ligand-free C/EBP is highly sensitive to protease digestion. Pronounced resistance to proteolysis occurred when C/EBP associated with its specific DNA substrate. Sequencing of discrete proteolytic fragments showed that prominent sites for proteolysis occur at two junction points predicted by the "scissors grip" model. One junction corresponds to the cleft where the basic regions emerge from the leucine zipper. The other corresponds to a localized nonhelical segment that has been hypothesized to contain an N-cap and facilitate the sharp angulation necessary for the basic region to track continuously in the major groove of DNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shuman, J D -- Vinson, C R -- McKnight, S L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Aug 17;249(4970):771-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Research Laboratories, Department of Embryology, Baltimore, MD 21210.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2202050" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; DNA/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Kinetics ; Leucine ; Macromolecular Substances ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Proteins/*metabolism ; Peptide Fragments/metabolism ; Peptide Hydrolases/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; Trypsin/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1990-06-01
    Description: Better understanding of the pathogenesis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) would be greatly facilitated by a relevant animal model that uses molecularly cloned virus of defined sequence to induce the disease. Such a system would also be of great value for AIDS vaccine research. An infectious molecular clone of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) was identified that induces AIDS in common rhesus monkeys in a time frame suitable for laboratory investigation. These results provide another strong link in the chain of evidence for the viral etiology of AIDS. More importantly, they define a system for molecular dissection of the determinants of AIDS pathogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kestler, H -- Kodama, T -- Ringler, D -- Marthas, M -- Pedersen, N -- Lackner, A -- Regier, D -- Sehgal, P -- Daniel, M -- King, N -- AI25328/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- RR00168/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- RR00169/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jun 1;248(4959):1109-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉New England Regional Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA 01772.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2160735" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis ; Cloning, Molecular ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/microbiology ; Macaca mulatta ; Macrophages/microbiology ; Opportunistic Infections/etiology ; *Retroviridae Infections/complications/immunology ; *Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics/immunology/isolation & ; purification/pathogenicity ; Transfection ; Virus Replication
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1990-07-06
    Description: Oligonucleotides equipped with EDTA-Fe can bind specifically to duplex DNA by triple-helix formation and produce double-strand cleavage at binding sites greater than 12 base pairs in size. To demonstrate that oligonucleotide-directed triple-helix formation is a viable chemical approach for the site-specific cleavage of large genomic DNA, an oligonucleotide with EDTA-Fe at the 5' and 3' ends was targeted to a 20-base pair sequence in the 340-kilobase pair chromosome III of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Double-strand cleavage products of the correct size and location were observed, indicating that the oligonucleotide bound and cleaved the target site among almost 14 megabase pairs of DNA. Because oligonucleotide-directed triple-helix formation has the potential to be a general solution for DNA recognition, this result has implications for physical mapping of chromosomes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Strobel, S A -- Dervan, P B -- GM 42966/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jul 6;249(4964):73-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2195655" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Chromosomes, Fungal/*metabolism ; DNA, Fungal/*genetics/metabolism ; Densitometry ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oligonucleotides/*genetics/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1990-05-18
    Description: Most proteins destined for export from Escherichia coli are made as precursors containing amino-terminal leader sequences that are essential for export and that are removed during the process. The initial step in export of a subset of proteins, which includes maltose-binding protein, is binding of the precursor by the molecular chaperone SecB. This work shows directly that SecB binds with high affinity to unfolded maltose-binding protein but does not specifically recognize and bind the leader. Rather, the leader modulates folding to expose elements in the remainder of the polypeptide that are recognized by SecB.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Randall, L L -- Topping, T B -- Hardy, S J -- GM 29798/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 May 18;248(4957):860-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biochemistry/Biophysics Program, Washington State University, Pullman 99164-4660.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2188362" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters ; Bacterial Proteins/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Biological Transport ; Carrier Proteins/*metabolism ; Cytosol/metabolism ; Escherichia coli/*metabolism ; *Escherichia coli Proteins ; Maltose-Binding Proteins ; Molecular Weight ; *Monosaccharide Transport Proteins ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Precursors/*metabolism ; Protein Sorting Signals/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1990-04-27
    Description: Light-dependent expression of rbcS, the gene encoding the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, which is the key enzyme involved in carbon fixation in higher plants, is regulated at the transcriptional level. Sequence analysis of the gene has uncovered a conserved GT motif in the -150 to -100 region of many rbcS promoters. This motif serves as the binding site of a nuclear factor, designated GT-1. Analysis of site-specific mutants of pea rbcS-3A promoter demonstrated that GT-1 binding in vitro is correlated with light-responsive expression of the rbcS promoter in transgenic plants. However, it is not known whether factors other than GT-1 might also be required for activation of transcription by light. A synthetic tetramer of box II (TGTGTGGTTAATATG), the GT-1 binding site located between -152 to -138 of the rbcS-3A promoter, inserted upstream of a truncated cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter is sufficient to confer expression in leaves of transgenic tobacco. This expression occurs principally in chloroplast-containing cells, is induced by light, and is correlated with the ability of box II to bind GT-1 in vitro. The data show that the binding site for GT-1 is likely to be a part of the molecular light switch for rbcS activation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lam, E -- Chua, N H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Apr 27;248(4954):471-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2330508" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase/genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation/*physiology ; Genetic Vectors ; *Light ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/*metabolism ; Plant Proteins/*metabolism ; *Plants, Toxic ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/*genetics ; Tobacco/enzymology/*genetics ; Transcription, Genetic/radiation effects ; Transformation, Genetic
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1990-06-29
    Description: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) tat protein (Tat) is a positive regulator of virus gene expression and replication. Biotinylated Tat was used as a probe to screen a lambda gt11 fusion protein library, and a complementary DNA encoding a protein that interacts with Tat was cloned. Expression of this protein, designated TBP-1 (for Tat binding protein-1), was observed in a variety of cell lines, with expression being highest in human cells. TBP-1 was localized predominantly in the nucleus, which is consistent with the nuclear localization of Tat. In cotransfection experiments, expression of TBP-1 was able to specifically suppress Tat-mediated transactivation. The strategy described may be useful for direct identification and cloning of genes encoding proteins that associate with other proteins to modulate their activity in a positive or negative fashion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nelbock, P -- Dillon, P J -- Perkins, A -- Rosen, C A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jun 29;248(4963):1650-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Oncology and Virology, Roche Institute of Molecular Biology, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Nutley, NJ 07110.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2194290" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Neoplasm/genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Gene Expression ; Gene Library ; Gene Products, tat/*metabolism ; HIV/genetics ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Plasmids ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; *Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Trans-Activators/*metabolism ; Transcriptional Activation ; Transfection ; tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1990-07-13
    Description: The heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins act at the inner surface of the plasma membrane to relay information from cell surface receptors to effectors inside the cell. These G proteins are not integral membrane proteins, yet are membrane associated. The processing and function of the gamma subunit of the yeast G protein involved in mating-pheromone signal transduction was found to be affected by the same mutations that block ras processing. The nature of these mutations implied that the gamma subunit was polyisoprenylated and that this modification was necessary for membrane association and biological activity. A microbial screen was developed for pharmacological agents that inhibit polyisoprenylation and that have potential application in cancer therapy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Finegold, A A -- Schafer, W R -- Rine, J -- Whiteway, M -- Tamanoi, F -- CA 41996/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM 07183/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM 35827/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jul 13;249(4965):165-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, IL 60637.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1695391" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; Epitopes/genetics ; GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Hemagglutinins, Viral/immunology ; Lovastatin/pharmacology ; Mevalonic Acid/pharmacology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Oncogene Protein p21(ras)/genetics/*metabolism ; Orthomyxoviridae/immunology ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Suppression, Genetic
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  • 8
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1990-02-09
    Description: Transcription of a typical eukaryotic gene by RNA polymerase II is activated by proteins bound to sites found near the beginning of the gene as well as to sites, called enhancers, located a great distance from the gene. According to one view, the primary difference between an activator that can work at a large distance and one that cannot is that the former bears a particularly strong activating region; the stronger the activating region, the more readily the activator interacts with its target bound near the transcriptional start site, with the intervening DNA looping out to accommodate the reaction. One alternative view is that the effect of proteins bound to enhancers might require some special aspect of cellular or chromosome structure. Consistent with the first view, an activator bearing an unusually potent activating region can stimulate transcription of a mammalian gene in a HeLa nuclear extract when bound as far as 1.3 kilobase pairs upstream or 320 base pairs downstream of the transcriptional start site.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carey, M -- Leatherwood, J -- Ptashne, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Feb 9;247(4943):710-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2405489" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Activating Transcription Factors ; Binding Sites ; Blood Proteins/pharmacology ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Fungal Proteins/metabolism/*pharmacology ; HeLa Cells ; Phosphoproteins/pharmacology ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA Polymerase II/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/pharmacology ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Templates, Genetic ; Trans-Activators/pharmacology ; Transcription Factors/pharmacology ; Transcription, Genetic/*drug effects
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1990-07-27
    Description: The major autophosphorylation sites of the rat beta II isozyme of protein kinase C were identified. The modified threonine and serine residues were found in the amino-terminal peptide, the carboxyl-terminal tail, and the hinge region between the regulatory lipid-binding domain and the catalytic kinase domain. Because this autophosphorylation follows an intrapeptide mechanism, extraordinary flexibility of the protein is necessary to phosphorylate the three regions. Comparison of the sequences surrounding the modified residues showed no obvious recognition motif nor any similarity to substrate phosphorylation sites, suggesting that proximity to the active site may be the primary criterion for their phosphorylation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Flint, A J -- Paladini, R D -- Koshland, D E Jr -- DK09765/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jul 27;249(4967):408-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2377895" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Brain/enzymology ; Cloning, Molecular ; Isoenzymes/genetics/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptide Fragments/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Kinase C/genetics/*metabolism ; Rats ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Trypsin
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1990-11-09
    Description: High sequence selectivity in DNA-protein interactions was analyzed by measuring discrimination by Eco RI endonuclease between the recognition site GAATTC and systematically altered DNA sites. Base analogue substitutions that preserve the sequence-dependent conformational motif of the GAATTC site permit deletion of single sites of protein-base contact at a cost of +1 to +2 kcal/mol. However, the introduction of any one incorrect natural base pair costs +6 to +13 kcal/mol in transition state interaction energy, the resultant of the following interdependent factors: deletion of one or two hydrogen bonds between the protein and a purine base; unfavourable steric apposition between a group on the protein and an incorrectly placed functional group on a base; disruption of a pyrimidine contact with the protein; loss of some crucial interactions between protein and DNA phosphates; and an increased energetic cost of attaining the required DNA conformation in the transition state complex. Eco RI endonuclease thus achieves stringent discrimination by both "direct readout" (protein-base contracts) and "indirect readout" (protein-phosphate contacts and DNA conformation) of the DNA sequence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lesser, D R -- Kurpiewski, M R -- Jen-Jacobson, L -- GM-29207/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Nov 9;250(4982):776-86.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15260.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2237428" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; DNA/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Deoxyribonuclease EcoRI/chemistry/*metabolism ; Energy Transfer ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Substrate Specificity
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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