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  • Life and Medical Sciences  (1,736)
  • 1965-1969  (919)
  • 1945-1949  (452)
  • 1930-1934  (365)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The neutral-red reaction (1930)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 49 (1930), S. 45-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A general survey of the reaction of neutral red upon a selected series of living animal organisms is made, and the rationale indicates that neutral red is an indicator of proteolytic enzyme action, whether this be intra- or extracellular. Cellular hydrolytic and cellular synthetic systems are thus manifested. The neutral-red reaction also reveals the course of assimilation and secretion in organisms, the nature of fertilization, and the beginning of embryological differentiation.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050490103
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1930)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 49 (1930) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050490201
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
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    The formation of the sex glands and germ cells of mammals. IV. Continuous origin and degeneration of germ cells in the female albino rat (1930)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 49 (1930), S. 333-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The current view in mammals is that ova are formed in the embryo in large numbers and stored in the ovary as a reserve to be drawn on through adult life; they may persist for long periods ina latent condition, a few resuming active development at each recurring oestrous period; new ova are not and cannot be added.An alternative hypothesis has been presented by several authors: New ova are formed throughout life, from the embryonic period through the time of sexual maturity; each ovum so produced must at once begin its growth and development of die; long latency of oocytes and primary follicles is not possible and does not occur. There is a constant degeneration of most follicles, and only a few come to ovulation. A study of the albino rat presents evidence which is consistent with the second view and supports it more strongly that it does the older hypothesis. Similar evidence is found in other mammals. It seems probable that the newer hypothesis is the correct one, at least in some mammals; further investigation may show it to be of general application.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050490203
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
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    The morphology of the palmar digital triradii and main linesContributions from the Department of Zoölogy, Smith College, no. 159. (1930)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 49 (1930), S. 153-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A study is made of the morphological types of the second, third, and fourth interdigital patterns of the human palm and their differential occurrence as a basis for determining the morphological significance of the digital triradii and main lines, which are the final remnants of the pattern boundaries. Certain types of patterns show a large preponderance, with a correspondingly large percentage of a certain morphological value for each digital triradius, although other morphological possibilities than the usual one are discovered in each case. Correlated combinations of rare patterns are presented and their hereditary nature discussed.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050490105
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
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    Studies on some physiological functions and morphological characters of Rhabditis (Rhabditidae, nematodes) (1930)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 49 (1930), S. 251-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Intravitam stains were used to determine the functions of several organs in two species of nemas (Rhabditis strongyloides and Rhabditis elongata). The organs were also studied in section. From the results obtained it is concluded that the amphids are not excretory in function, but more probably sensory, for definite connections were observed to extend to the nerve ring. No migratory cells, such as those described by Stefanski, were seen.The phasmids stained with all intravitam stains used. but were never observed to secrete. It seems doubtful that they serve as excretory organs.The excretory system was seen to consist of a typical X system. Actual excretion was observed. Deirids were seen for the first time in both species. Oesophageal glands were also described. A study was made of the structure of the intestinal cells, rectal glands, and anal muscles. Attention was called to the fact that there are two kinds of ejaculatory glands, one of which probably serves as a ‘cement gland,’ while the function of the other is still in doubt.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050490107
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
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    An investigation of the nervous system as a possible factor in the regulation of ciliary activity of the lamellibranch gill (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 51 (1931), S. 147-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Certain variations of ciliary activity in the lamellibranch gill occur which are an intrinsic part of the gill tissue and which are due to causes other than environmental changes. Experimental and morphological evidence indicates that the central nervous system is not involved in the production of these variations.A comparative study of laterofrontal and lateral ciliated cells leads to the conclusion that the coordination impulse passes through the cytoplasm of the cell and that the velocity of the propagation wave is influenced by the number of cell walls per unit length through which it passes. It is suggested that the ciliary rootlets in the laterfrontal cells, due to their arrangement bring the impulse simultaneously to both rows of cilia within a single cell.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050510104
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  • 7
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    The spermiogenesis of Succinea ovalis say, with special reference to the components of the sperm (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 51 (1931), S. 243-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: An investigation of the spermiogenesis of Succinea ovalis Say, a small terrestrial pulmonate, has revealed: 1) The germ cells are differentiated from indifferent germinal epithelial cells. In this form the germinal epithelium is a true epithelium, and not a syncytium. 2) Forty chromosomes are found in the spermatogonial divisions and twenty in the maturation divisions. 3) Early in spermiogenesis the proximal centriole penetrates through the spermatid nucleus and, with the oxychromatin, forms an intranuclear rod similar to that reported for certain prosobranches. The homology and significance of the rod are discussed. 4) Of the cytoplasmic structures, the mitochondria and the Golgi apparatus were followed through all stages of spermatogenesis. 5) At the maturation divisions the mitochondria are grouped into peculiar. thread-like structures. Some of the mitochondria take part in the formation of the sheath around the axial filament of the spermatozoon, while the remainder are sloughed off with the cytoplasmic remnant. 6) The Golgi apparatus consists of a number of banana-shaped rods closely grouped around the idiosome. Three to five Golgi rods are found in the spermatid stages. A portion of the Golgi apparatus and idisome (acroblast) forms the acrosome, and the Golgi remnant is discarded at the end of spermatogenesis. 7) In mature sperm both head and tail have a spiral structure. The origin and nature of the spirals are pointed out.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050510107
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  • 8
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    Blood formation in the african lungfish, under normal conditions and under conditions of prolonged estivation and recoveryThis paper was awarded the Virginia Academy of Science research prize for 1930. (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 51 (1931), S. 319-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The blood cells of the African lungfish, Protopterus ethiopicus, are very large and resemble those of urodeles. Leucocytes are especially plentiful and rich in variety, including eosinophils, special eosinophils, [meta-eosinophils] with atypical granules, monocytes, thrombocytes, lymphocytes, and basophils.The chief hemocytopoietic organs are the spleen, intestine, and kidneys. The lungfish spleen, embedded in the wall of the stomach, represents an intermediate phylogenetic stage between the disperse intra-enteral type of the hagfish and the compact extra-enteral type of other vertebrates.Erythrocytes are formed in the spleen pulp, granulocytes in the granulocytopoietic organ of the intestine and in the capsules of kidneys, gonads, and spleen. Thrombocytes and monocytes are differentiated in the spleen and general circulation. Basophils arise in the spleen and intestine. Lymphoid cells of all types arise in the spleen. Evidence is presented bearing upon the hemocytopoietic capacity of the various types. Cells with [Russell bodies] also occur in the spleen.In lungfishes subjected to long periods of dry estivation, erythrocytopoiesis practically ceases. Granulocytes, however, appear to play an important rǒle, possibly in fat metabolism. The large variety of meta-eosinophils, a unique feature of the lungfish, appears to be associated with the habit of estivation.Recovery from estivation may show numerous amitoses of erythrocytes in the general circulation. Other cells which divide in this manner are young thrombocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphoid hemoblasts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050510203
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
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    Notes on the postnuclear, acrosome-seat granules, and ‘vacuome’ in Desmognathus fusca spermatogenesis (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 51 (1931), S. 597-612 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The acrosome in Desmognathus, Spelerpes, Plethodon, salamander, Amphiuma, etc., is attached to the nucleus in connection with an acrosome seat, which forms a shallow cup, traced back to a number of granules in the early spermatid. A postnuclear plate is present in the above-mentioned urodeles, and is derived from a small number of minute granules which assemble in the spermatid and become fixed onto the nuclear membrane. The centrosomes of the spermatid are visible intravitam. The ‘vacuome’ is formed of minute neutral-red-staining globules embedded in the idiozome. No connection appears to exist between mitochondria and Golgi bodies, as is postulated by the vacuome-chondriome hypothesis (Parat).
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050510209
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  • 10
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    Studies on the comparative histology of the digestive tube of certain teleost fishes II. A minnow (Campostoma anomalum)Studies from the Department of Zoölogy, The University of Nebraska, no. 168. (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 52 (1931), S. 1-25 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This paper presents a study of the normal histology of the digestive tract of an herbivorous teleost, the minnow Campostoma anomalum (Raflnesque). The tunics of the buccal cavity, pharynx, esophagus, and intestine are described; particular attention is given to the mucosa because of the specializations occurring in that coat, such as taste buds, goblet cells, callous pad, etc. Because of the very decided anatomical and histological differences existing between the anterior and posterior regions of the pharynx, due to the presence of a callous pad and pharyngeal teeth, it has been deemed advisable to consider the pharynx as divisible into an anterior and a posterior region. Thyroid tissue was found in the submucosa of the anterior pharynx. No gastric epithelium was demonstrated, the ‘intestinal bulb,’ the only enlargement of the coelomic portion of the digestive tube, being lined with epithelium presenting only minor differences from that found in the coiled tubular intestine.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050520102
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
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    Masthead (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050530101
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  • 12
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    The histology of posterior regeneration in the polychaete Chaetopterus variopedatusThe material for this work was collected at the Woods Hole Marine Biological Laboratory during August, 1929; the subsequent work was completed in the Zoölogical Department, University of Chicago, Illinois, and the Anatomy Department, University of California, Berkeley, California. The author wishes to thank Dr. F. R. Lillie for his assistance. (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 23-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: After amputation, the wound is closed by the protrusion and lateral expansion of the alimentary canal over the cut muscles and its final fusion with the epidermis laterally after about twenty-four hours. Associated with the expansion is a divergence of the two adjacent halves of the ventral nerve cord in the last remaining segment. As a result, the whole of the new regenerated lobe behind the ring of the cut epidermis is interneural; i.e., it is an enlargement of the normally small area separating the two nerve cords. Undifferentiated cells, or neuroblasts, are normally located interneurally, and during regeneration these neoblasts proliferate throughout the enlarged interneural zone of the papilla and migrate throughout the lobe. At first the neoblastic mesenchyme filling the lobe is loose and homogeneous, but as the cells settle down against the outer wall they replace the old intestinal cells and assume the characters of new epidermis. Internally, the mass acquires paired cavities, while the cells surrounding the cavities differentiate into muscle, peritoneum, etc. Thus one type of cell gives rise to the whole of the regenerated papilla. These cells are also the mother cells of the gametocytes.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050530103
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  • 13
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    Some cytoplasmic structures in the male reproductive cells of a pseudoscorpion (Chelanops corticis) (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 97-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The chondriosomes of the germinal epithelium are vesicular, whereas the Golgi material takes three forms. The aggregation of chondriosomes about the Golgi cap, located on the nucleus, suggests a chemical interchange between these in the growth period. They become cylindrical as the Golgi cap moves from the nucleus and becomes spherical. It is at this time joined by other Golgi material. The entire aggregation is dispersed previous to the maturation divisions, where the inclusions studied are only approximately equally divided, in contrast to conditions in the true scorpion, Centrurus exilicauda. Golgi granules on chondriosomal surfaces in the spermatid again suggest chemical interchange. The later changes of chondriosome vesicles to discs, and back to spheres, may be means of regulating chemical reaction. A close relation between chondriosomes and Golgi material is indicated by various bodies, of Golgi origin, within the former in the spermatid. A thick thread finally originates from among the chondriosomes of the elongated sperm. Spiral threads surrounding the elongating nucleus arise from reunited Golgi material, a derivative of this substance not previously recorded. The acrosome, also of Golgi origin, undergoes several changes in shape and shows several parts. The elongated nucleus, spiral thread of Golgi origin, acrosome, chondriosomal thread, and unusually long axial filament become coiled and encysted in an oval mature sperm capsule. In the female duct the sperm uncoils.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050530105
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  • 14
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    Coordination of ciliary movement. II. The effect of temperature upon the ciliary wave lengthThe investigation has been made possible through funds granted by the Chemical Foundation and the National Research Council. (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 265-276 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The ciliary wave length is a constant in the temperature range of 10° to 30°C. and in Modiolus demissus has the average value of 13.1 μ. Comparison of these data for ciliary coordination with those of nerve conduction probably indicates that the two physiological processes possess certain properties in common. The cells which bear the cilia are 12.75 μ long and the variation in ciliary wave length and cell length is about the same, which may indicate a possible cytophysiological relationship between the two.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050530204
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  • 15
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    Keimbahn determinants and continuity of the germ cells in Sphaerium striatinum (Lam.) (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 345-365 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: During oogenesis granular mitochondria become concentrated in the proximal portion of the oocyte and remain concentrated in the line of cells that gives rise to the germ cells. Two cells of characteristic structure, appearing at gastrulation one on either side in the mesoderm, contain this mitochondrial cloud. All functional germ cells seem to be lineal descendants of these two primordial germ cells. The cloud disappears during gonad formation, but reappears in oocytes of the next generation. Except during meiosis and fertilization the germ-cell cycle is traceable from fertilized egg to sexual maturity. Details of meiosis and chromosome number were not ascertained.Capacity for producing germ cells in Sphaerium is traceable from a definite region in the egg to primordial germ cells through a localized cloud of mitochondria in the mature ovum and certain cells of cleavage stages. Mitochondria, therefore, serve as a Keimbahn determinant in the sense that they mark a region of oocyte cytoplasm destined for cytoplasm of primordial germ cells. They are not considered causal factors in production of germ cells, but are probably storage products persisting unused in the egg and in cleavage cells having lower metabolic rates. Disappearance of these mitochondria during gonad formation is explained by their dispersal among a number of cells and by their utilization in furnishing energy and material for production of new cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050530207
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  • 16
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    Masthead (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050530301
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  • 17
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    Polyploidy and metaphase patterns (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 443-471 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A cyst of tetraploid first spermatocyte metaphases is described in the coreid hemipter Archimerus alternatus (Say), all other divisions in the testis being of normal diploid constitution. The striking fact is that in spite of the doubling of their number the chromosomes closely follow the group pattern characteristic of the corresponding normal divisions. In the latter the first metaphase always shows a ring of six autosome bivalents with a single m-chromosome bivalent at its center and a single univalent X-chromosome lying outside the ring (as in coreids generally). In corresponding tetraploids the numbers are respectively 12, 2, and 2. Three additional interesting features of the tetraploids are: 1) the fact that the two m-bivalents are always lined up end to end to form an axial quadrivalent chain; 2) that although two X-chromosomes are present (as in the normal female), they are never united to form a bivalent as in that sex; and, 3) that in the prophases (of which a few are present in the cyst), at least one pycnotic X, or chromosome nucleolus, is present.A critical discussion is offered of the general problem of the mechanism of chromosome movements and groupings, together with a review of recent literature. The conclusion is urged that the chromosomes themselves play an active and important part in these processes, and the possible genetic relations between chromosomes and spindle substance are discussed.
    Additional Material: 24 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050530302
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  • 18
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    The distribution of the branchial nerve in Mytilus edulis and its relation to the problem of nervous control of ciliary activity (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 51 (1931), S. 195-205 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The branchial nerve of Mytilus edulis, traced by means of serial sections, has been found to be limited entirely to the epithelial and connective tissues bordering the axis of the gills. Most of the numerous branches which originate from the branchial nerve extend posteriorly and lie close to the interfibrillar matrix of the connective tissue which supports the epithelium of this region. Fibers of these nerves have been traced to this epithelium.The chitinous supporting structures of the gills lie in close proximity to these nerves, yet neither nerves nor nerve fibers have been observed to penetrate them. Moreover, a careful study of the gill tissues fails to reveal the presence of structures which might be interpreted as nerves or nerve fibers.Since no innervation of the gills has been demonstrated, it seems probable that the ciliary activity of the gill epithelium is not regulated by means of fibers connected with the central nervous system.
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  • 19
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    The morphology of Spironympha, with a description of a new species from reticulitermes hesperus Banks (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 51 (1931), S. 291-307 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Spironympha is discussed as valid genus. It was described by Koidzumi ('16); later it was redescribed by the same author as Microspironympha ('21). Therefore, according to the rules of nomenclature, it is Spironympha.The genus is compared with the related genera: Spirotrichonympha, Holomastigotes, and Microjoenia.Spironympha is characterized by four flagellar bands which are spirally wound around the anterior part of the body; these bands occur only in the anterior end, whereas in Spirotrichonympha they extend almost to the posterior end. The parabasals are few in number, and they are attached to the basal granules of the flagellar bands; the anterior end is clear and almost free from cytoplasmic granules; and there are twenty to thirty anterior flagella which are attached to the base of the centroblepharoplast or to the basal granules of the flagellar bands. An axostyle is present.No centrosome occurs within the nucleus, but the centroblepharoplast has this kinetic function.Spironympha ovalis is described as a new species. It is ovoid; the average size is 38 μ to 44 μ. An axostyle is present. The host is Reticulitermes hesperus Banks.
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  • 20
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    Recovery from immersion in water. An index of metabolism and the condition of the gonads in Drosophila melanogaster Meigen and Popillia japonica Newm. (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 51 (1931), S. 435-465 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In some insects the selection of individuals which recover in equal periods of time from immersion in water may be used to obtain material of approximately uniform physiological state; Drosophila melanogaster, Meigen, was found to have a mean of recovery for the males 0.97 ± 0.542 minute later than the females, which would indicate a lower metabolic rate for the males. The Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newm., was found to have a mean of recovery from immersion in water of both sexes the same in August, while in September the males were retarded by 8.1 as compared with females. This would indicate that the males have and equal me abolic rate in August with the females and a lower rate in September. Carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and nitrogen produce in the flies a condition of asphyxiation similar to immersion in water. [Vestigial] flies recover from immersion in water in a fashion similar to ‘wild’ flies.The recovery periods from immersion in water in the flies can be used to group individuals into those possessing approximately equal egg-laying capacities and to isolate spent individuals from others still capable of laying eggs. Yeast appears to be more of a stimulant to egg laying than it is to larval growth. Groups of flies which were fed yeast were found to average 71 per cent increase in egg laying over groups of flies that were not fed yeast. The O2 consumption of the groups of flies actively laying eggs, as contrasted with the groups which were not so active, was found in the former to be 32.9 per cent greater.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050510205
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  • 21
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    Masthead (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 52 (1931) 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050520101
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    A study of living sperm cells of certain grasshoppers by means of the ultraviolet microscope (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 52 (1931), S. 91-113 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This paper discusses very briefly the ultraviolet microscope and the developments which have led to a successful technique for optically sectioning living cells; also the ultraviolet photomicrographs of living sperm cells of certain grasshoppers, which show clearly the spinning out of the chromonema from solid blocks of the diatene stage, the pairing of same in the leptotene stage, the development of the tetrads, the final distribution of the chromosomes in the resulting spermatids and their return to a spiral chromonema, each inclosed in its own vesicle. The details of the cytoplasm are equally well brought out.
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    Thermal relationships in the neutral-red reaction (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 52 (1931), S. 165-194 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Neutral-red staining in Daphnia, legume seeds, starfish eggs, and Palaemonetes shows reactions to temperature changes which may be correlated with the thermal reactions of enzymes.
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    The ontogenetic history of the mitochondria of the hepatic cell of the white rat (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 52 (1931), S. 485-511 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This work was designed to determine the ontogenetic variability of the morphology of mitochondria of the hepatic cell.The mitochondria of the cells of the hepatic diverticulum are minute spheres. These spheres enlarge, become associated, forming beaded filaments, which in turn become smooth filaments, the process culminating in the twenty-day fetus. There is no individual or lobular variabillty in fetuses of a given length. One-half day before birth the above process is reversed, so that separate spheres are found in the eight- to twelve-hour young. This enlargement and enspherulation are accompanied by an accumulation of large quantities of glycogen. After this age, the spheres become associated into beaded filaments again and the glycogen disappears, the cycle ending at thirty-three hours. From two to eight days of age there is great individual variability.Mitochondrial morphology characterstic of the adult is first found in the fourteen-day young, when cells contain long, smooth or beaded filaments, rods, and spheres. There is no lobular variation as to types of mitochondria, but only in numbers, the cells around the central vein containing fewer mitochondria than other cells of the lobule. Variation between individuals after birth is due to something other than age, type of food, period of digestion, and length of starvation. Fat is formed within spherical chondriosomes.
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    Chromosomes of three species of mantidae (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 52 (1931), S. 525-533 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: There are twenty-seven spermatogonial chromosomes in Tenoder'a sinensis, three of which are larger than the others and lag behind in anaphase. These three chromosomes have been traced through the prophases of the first spermatocyte to the metaphase, where they appear as a hexad. In the first spermatocyte division two of the constituent diads of the hexad pass to one pole, the remaining one to the other, thus giving rise to two types of second spermatocytes, one with thirteen and the other with fourteen chromosomes. There are twenty-eight chromosomes in somatic metaphases of the female; four of these chromosomes are larger than the others. The sex chromosomes of the male are represented by the formula Xa + Y + Xb, that of the female by 2Xa + 2Xb.Similar conditions are reported for Mantis religiosa and Stagmomantis carolina.
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    Developmental stages of the chondrocranium in some selachians (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 52 (1931), S. 565-592 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Serial sections of seven embryos were examined, in four of which the chondrocrania were reconstructed. Parachordals appear as independent precartilages on each side of the notochord in the otic region. Later chondrification occurs, and they fuse with the notochord. Orbitals and trabeculae appear as independent precartilages; later, as cartilages they fuse with the basal plate and with each other, forming the cranial wall between the orbital cavity and brain. An apparent shifting posteriorly of the bases of the fifth, seventh, and eighth cranial nerves, in respect to the anterior end of the notochord and to the otic vesicles, occurs between the 10-mm. and the 60-mm. stages. The otic vesicles, proportionately small in the 10-mm. stage, reach their relatively largest size in the 19-mm. embryo. The floors of the otic capsules begin as lateral extensions of the basal plate at the 25-mm. stage, and from these anlagen chondrifications extend, forming the anterior and posuerior cupolas. Most of the tegmen cranii forms by chondrifications that approach the median plane from each side. It is practically complete in the 60-mm. embryo. The cervical neural arches also contribute in forming the tegmen cranii and the occipital region. The ventrally recurved end of the notochord of the 10-mm. stage persists through the 60-mm. embryo.
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    The early develoment of the duck's egg, with special reference to the origin of the primitive streak (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 133-187 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This study deals with the development of the duck embryo from the unincubated blastoderm to the 1-to-3-somite stage. In the unincubated stage the thickened posterior germ wall is the most active region mitotically, contributing cells to complete the entodermal layer. The slightly thickened ectoderm of the posterior half of the pellucid area is the precursor of the embryonic shield. During incubation this ectoderm increases in height, forming the embryonic shield. The primitive streak arises in the posterior part of the shield, where tall ectodermal cells in the midline become several-layered and proliferate cells from their ventral surface which migrate laterally, becoming mesoderm. At first short and broad, the streak becomes longer and narrower until it attains its definitive stage.The greatest proliferation of ectodermal cells occurs always at the anterior end of the streak of all stages, forming at the definitive stage a definite thickening-Hensen's node. Proliferation diminishes posteriorly along the streak.The number and orientation of mitotic figures indicate cell movements as follows: Prestreak stages-ectodermal cells migrate from posterior part of shield toward midline, thence forward in midline; early streak stages-anterior movement in streak and to sides of streak, and lateromedial movement from sides toward middle of streak; definitive streak stages-postero-anterior and lateromedial migration of cells.The embryonic axis, of prestreak and streak stages, lies approximately at right angles to the egg axis in slightly over 50 per cent of the cases.
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    The architecture of the parietal cells of the salivary glands of the grasshopper, with special reference to the intracellular canaliculi, Golgi bodies, and mitochondria (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 223-241 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The parietal cells of the salivary glands of the grasshopper are large and roughly spherical or sometimes pyramidal in form, scattered for the most part singly among the zymogenic cells of the lobules. They possess a magnificent system of intracellular canaliculi into which their secretions are directly emptied and conveyed to the exterior of the cell. These intracellular canaliculi are strikingly impregnated with osmic-acid methods (Nassonov, Mann-Kopsch) in a manner comparable to the contractile vacuole of Paramecium as described by Nassonov. However, in addition to the impregnated system of intracellular canaliculi, Golgi bodies are found evenly distributed throughout the cell in the form of crescents, semicircles, or ring-like structures typical of insect tissue.Inasmuch as a direct homology between the intracellular canaliculi and the contractile vacuole of Paramecium, both from the point of view of morphology and physiology, seems justified, we question the inference drawn by Nassonov that the impregnated walls of the contractile vacuole in Paramecium actually represent Golgi material. Deduction is made from these and previous studies that the magnificent network of ‘vacuome-Golgi apparatus’ described by Parat and Painlevé ('24) in the salivary glands of Chironomus larvae is nothing more or less than intracellular secretory canaliculi.Mitochondria in the parietal cells are abundant in the characteristic form of short rods and filaments. No evidence of a direct transformation of mitochondria into Golgi bodies. as held by Parat, was observed. Golgi bodies and mitochondria show no marked topographical relationship to the intracellular secretory canaliculi.
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    The chondrocranium of a 23-mm. necturusContribution from the Zoölogical Laboratories, University of Illinois, no. 424. (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 327-343 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This study is based on a wax model reconstructed from serial sections stained with basic fuchsin and picro-indigo-carmine. It shows: 1) that the columna ethmoidalis and planum basale are chondrified at this stage; 2) that a cartilaginous antorbital process is present; 3) that the stapedial plate is cut out from the wall of the otic capsule; 4) that the so-called crista trabecularis is an independent element homologous with the sphenolateralis of the Anura; 5) that the fourth visceral arch is not present and that the fifth is still in the precartilaginous stage; and, 7) that there is no evidence that a pro-occipital vertebra is formed.
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    The structure of opalinids, as revealed by the technique of micro-incinerationAided by an appropriation from a grant made by the Rockefeller Foundation to Washington University for research in science. (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 381-388 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Opalinids from the rectum of Rana pipiens were isolated in large numbers and fixed in a mixture of nine parts of absolute alcohol and one part of neutral formalin. These were embedded in paraffin and incinerated according to the technique of Policard. Examination of the preparations by dark-field illumination showed that the micro-incinerated protozoa retained their distinctive morphological and cytological characters, for the mineral ash had the same topographical distribution as the cell inclusions in the control stained preparations.The coarse vegetative granules of the cytoplasm were preserved as distinct masses of ash which corresponded exactly to these bodies in the control preparations. The structure of the myonemata and the cilia was perfectly preserved. The chromatin material of the nucleus, more or less abundant, left little or no ash, which is quite in contrast to the findings of Scott with regard to amphibian and mammalian nuclei.
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    DIE BILDUNG DER ERYTHROCYTEN IM KERNE DER PLASMOCYTEN; DER HÄMOGLOBINSCHWUND IM BLUTKREISLAUFE MIT DER PIGMENTMETAMORPHOSE UND OHNE DERSELBEN UND DIE BESONDERE ELIMINIERUNGSART DER CHROMATINSUBSTANZ AUS DER ZELLE IM BLUTE DES BATRACHOSEPS ATTENUATUS ESCH. (1932)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 53 (1932), S. 593-603 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In the blood of Batrachoseps one part of the erythrocytes is formed inside the nucleus of plasmocytes as a result of the metamorphosis of chromatin substance. When erythrocytes are completely formed, they separate themselves from the plasmocytes.Disappearance of the hemoglobin of erythrocytes with pigment metamorphosis is visible in the drawings.When the disappearance of hemoglobin with pigment metamorphosis takes place, the color of the hemoglobin cytoplasm frequently becomes very pale. The hemoglobin cytoplasm may vanish also without pigment metamorphosis in such a way that the whole cell (nucleus and cytoplasm) swells, and the cytoplasm becomes paler, and finally only a pale shadow remains which is rather difficult to distinguish. The author has noticed in the blood of Batrachoseps, besides extrusion of small nuclei from the erythrocytes, also a particular way in which chromatin substance is eliminated from the cell. While the cell and the nucleus become pear-shaped, the nucleus moves toward the periphery, touching the surface of the cell with its funnel-shaped narrow side. From this narrow side the chromatin substance flows out in the form of a band stained red, according to Romanowsky.
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    Masthead (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 55 (1934) 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    Localization of mineral ash in the organelles and cytoplasmic components of paramecium (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 55 (1934), S. 421-433 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Paramecium caudatum was studied by micro-incineration, by stained control sections, by vital staining, and by osmic impregnation. It was found that a slow initial heating and a slow cooling after incineration greatly reduce the amount of distortion and shrinkage in the incinerated specimens. Most of the cytoplasmic components and organelles, including vacuome, chondriome, cilia, and basal granules, trichocysts, food vacuoles, and the nuclei, could be identified by their ash. No ash is found in the pellicle and only a small amount in the hyaloplasm. None of the osmiophilic components such as granules or the walls of the contractile vacuole could be identified in the incinerated specimens with certainty. The larger amount of ash in the endoplasm as compared with the ectoplasm is due to the large number of granules in the former region. The nucleus and some of the granules near the nucleus show traces of iron.
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    Studies upon regeneration. I. The constrasting powers of regeneration in planaria and procotylaSupported by a grant from the Committee on Radiation, National Research Council. Acknowledgments are also due to Keio University, Tokyo, Japan, for assistance given the senior author during his service as visiting professor, 1932-1933. The present paper is introductory to studies of the effects of radiation upon the normal structures and activities here described. A number of individuals have assisted in varying degrees in these investigations. Since work present paper, her name appears as a joint author. Certain work by6 C. D. Turner was similarly helpful. The senior author, who has thus supplemented his own studies of the material, has written the paper and assumes responsibility for the observations and their interpretation. (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 55 (1934), S. 477-513 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: When sexually mature Procotyla fluviatilis Leidy (commonly but erroneously known as Dendrocoelum lacteum) are cut transversely into head, pharyngeal, and tail pieces of about equal length, the head and pharyngeal pieces fail to regenerate in a large percentage of cases and tail pieces never regenerate. When regeneration occurs in head and pharyngeal pieces it is somewhat slower than in similar pieces of Planaria maculata Leidy and Planaria agilis Stringer with which comparisons were made. Cutting mature Procotyla into larger numbers of pieces usually results in death of all, although smaller pieces from prepharyngeal regions sometimes regenerate. Juvenile P. fluviatilis have greater powers of regeneration, as shown by cutting head and pharyngeal regions into greater numbers of pieces, but tail pieces do not regenerate. These observations confirm and extend those of earlier investigators. Such a restricted power of regeneration contrasts with well-known powers in P. maculata and P. agilis. Counts of formative cells, from which new parts arise in all three species and which are regarded by the authors as a persistent embryonic stock, indicate about 8.5 such cells in P. maculata to 1 in P. fluviatilis per unit area. It is concluded that regeneration in planarians is correlated with numbers of such formative cells and that histological factors are no less important than physiological ones. The paper is preliminary to a study of effects of x-rays upon regeneration.
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    The development of the ovary in the grasshopper, Melanoplus differentialis (acrididae; orthoptera)The author is indebted to the National Research Council for a Fellowship during the year 1929-1930 during which the work herein described was partially completed; also, to the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, for facilities for work during the summer of 1930. (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 55 (1934), S. 515-543 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Each indifferent genital rudiment in the grasshopper embryo is composed of the following: (1) a terminal filament membrane; (2) an epithelial plate of indifferent cells, the dorsal cell mass; (3) the central cell mass containing germ and indifferent cells; (4) the ventral cell strand, and, (5) a delicate, investing membrane, the outer limiting membrane. It is roughly spindle-shaped in transverse section and extends from the first to the eighth abdominal segments.In the sexual differentiation of the genital rudiment the dorsal cell mass is retained as a definite embryonic rudiment in the female, but becomes an indistinguishable part of the central cell mass in the male.Ovarian development is initiated in the dorsal cell mass area, where cell aggregations are formed. Each aggregation is ultimately surrounded by the ingrowing outer limiting membrane to form distinct cellular columns. A latero-ventrad extension of this ingrowing process into the central cell mass continues the column formation process into the latter and results in the formation of a distally tapering structure composed of indifferent cells distad and germ cells and indifferent cells proximad. This structure constitutes the rudimentary ovariole which finally differentiates to form the terminal filament, germarium, and vitellarium.The ovarian portion of the oviduct and the tubular connection between the ovariole and oviduct are differentiated from the ventral cell strand.
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    The mesodermal relations of the pars buccalis of the hypophysis in the duck (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 55 (1934), S. 611-631 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This paper describes the cellular relations between the prechordal mesoderm and the hypophyseal analage in duck embryos from the first to the eighth day of incubation.At nineteen somites the ectoderm destined to form hypophysis is seen as a plate of cells lying under the mesodermal mass anterior to the notochord. It extends anteriorly in intimate contact with the base of the forebrain, and posteriorly for about the same distance to the oral membrane. Following the lateral growth of the prechordal mesoderm and the rapid overgrowth of the forebrain, Rathke's pouch is definitely outlined. The upward expansion of the pouch, concomitant with the lagging of some of the prechordal mesoderm in the midline, effects a very close relation between these cells and those at the tip of the pouch. With the lateral expansion of the premandibular head cavities, some of the mesoderm adheres to walls of Rathke's pouch in the form of rods or knobs. As development proceeds the inherent growth tendencies of ectoderm and mesoderm express themselves differently and the rods or knobs become constricted off from the pouch, forming in its vicinity vesicles which exhibit a definite lumen.The question of an entodermal contribution to the hypophysis in this form is briefly considered.
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    The distribution of chitin in an insect (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 51-58 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: By treating the clean skeletal tissue of an insect with concentrated KOH at 160° C., the contained chitin is converted to chitosan, and all pigmentation and admixtures are removed. The per cent distribution of chitin, expressed as chitosan, in the exoskeleton of the cockroach, Periplaneta fuliginosa, ranges from 37.65 in the dorsal abdomen to 18.22 in the hindwings. Other regions contain the following per cents: ventral abdomen, 37.11; metathoracic legs, 35.55; mesothoracic legs, 33.28; prothoracic legs, 32.24; pronotum, 31.55; head, 31.07; genitalia, 29.28; dorsal thorax, 29.07; ventral thorax, 28.33; antennae, 27.77; cerci, 25.65; and forewings, 19.99. Regional variations are constant in different individuals of the same species. The crop and gizzard contain 18.69 per cent; the hindgut, 18.15 per cent. The remainder of the alimentary tract contains no chitin. Traces of chitin are found in the trachea. No chitin is found in the egg-cases of this species. No correlation between chitin content and pigmentation or hardness is shown. Based on results from three trials, using thirty insects, the per cent of chitosan in the clean, dry chitinous material from the entire animal is 29.60; the per cent of chitosan based on the weight of the live animal averages 2.01.
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    Somatic mitoses of Drosophila melanogaster (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 125-155 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The chromosomes of D. melanogaster have been followed through the entire cycle of mitosis in ganglion cells. Primary constrictions exist at about the middle of the second and third chromosomes, at a sub-median position in the Y, at a sub-terminal in the X, and probably also at a sub-terminal position in the fourth chromosome. Secondary constrictions, in addition to those reported by Bridges, are sub-terminal in the arms of the second and third chromosomes. A pronounced sub-median secondary constriction in the left limb of the second chromosome offers a criterion for distinguishing between the second and third chromosomes, and between right and left arms of the second chromosome. The proximal secondary constriction in the X-chromosome and that in the short arm of the Y are associated with the normal development of the nucleolus. Anaphase chromosomes are longitudinally double, the split following the turns of the chromonemata. Metaphase and anaphase chromosomes are essentially isodiametric from end to end, except at the constrictions or indentures. Somatic pairing of chromosomes reaches its maximum expression during late prophases, both in male and female ganglion cells. The four chromatids of the tightly appressed homologues open out in two planes giving distinct chiasma-like configurations. Separation of the paired chromosomes is completed in late prophase, so that at metaphase the homologous chromosomes are not in contact.
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    The cytology of the corpora lutea of the eweA thesis submitted from the Department of Zoölogy for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Missouri. (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 181-202 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The cytology of corpora lutea of non-pregnant ewes is described with reference to the origin, structure, fate, and function of these organs. The lutein cells, characteristic of corpora lutea, are derived from the cells of the stratum granulosum of the Graafian follicle; connective-tissue cells, embryonic cells, and non-striated muscle cells, from the theca interna; and erythrocytes, leucocytes, and histiocytes, from the blood stream. The lutein cells undergo changes in size, nuclear structure, and cytoplasmic inclusions correlated with the period in the estrous cycle and disappear during retrogression. Although secretory products have not been identified, a secretory function is postulated on the basis of the structure of the cell.
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    Localization of mineral ash in the organelles of trichonympha, a hypermastigote flagellate from zootermopsis angusticollis (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 231-241 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The three species of Trichonympha found in Zootermopsis angusticollis were studied by micro-incineration, by control sections, and by Macallum's methods for iron and calcium. The mineral ash is concentrated in the neuromotor system, chromatin, nuclear membrane, the posterior end where ingestion takes place, and in cytoplasmic granules. Micro-incineration and Macallum's Prussian blue method reveal iron in the chromatin alone; Macallum's haematoxylin gives a positive test for iron in the chromatin, rostrum, neuromotor fibrils, etc. It probably is not as specific as the other methods. The two staining methods give negative tests for iron except after acid hydrolysis. Calcium is present in the chromatin, neuromotor system, posterior region of the body, and in many endoplasmic granules. The localization of calcium is correlated with the localization of normally gelated regions.
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    A cytological study on the liver of the rat, with special reference to the ‘intracellular blood canaliculi,’ inter- and intracellular bile canaliculi, mitochondria and Golgi apparatus (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 407-421 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In sections from livers injected through the vascular system with Carter's carminegelatin or Berlin-blue gelatin masses at known, constant pressures, many cells were observed to contain ovoid or spherical bodies of the colored injection masses, similar to those described by Schäfer and his students, Herring and Simpson, as intracellular blood canaliculi.' In these livers practically all the cells were vacuolated. However, with livers injected with Berlin-blue gelatin mass dissolved in Locke's solution instead of distilled water, there were no intracellular masses and the cells appeared normal, though the sinusoids were completely filled with injection mass. The so-called ‘intracellular blood canaliculi’ described by Schäfer are interpreted as artefacts produced by a combination of factors, the most important of which is the difference in osmotic pressure. This is produced by the hypotonicity of the injection masses that are usually used, augmented perhaps by the effect of mechanical pressure used in administering the injection mass.Following impregnation of liver tissue by Golgi's rapid method, the usual network of intercellular bile canaliculi was revealed, but the presence of a permanent system of intracellular canaliculi was not observed. A few short, knobbed intracellular projections from the intercellular bile canaliculi were noticed; these probably represent the passage of secretion material into the intercellular bile canaliculi at the moment of excretion.
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    Early development in some sciuridaeContribution no. 234 from the Zoölogical Laboratory of Indiana University. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree, Doctor of Philosophy, in the Department of Zoölogy in the Graduate School of Indiana University. (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 477-511 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The early developmental history of Sciuridae (squirrel family), from the ovarian egg to the establishment of the germ layers, was studied in fixed material comprising ova and embryos from six species of five genera. No significant differences were noted in the major processes of development in the six species. Continuous diminution in the size of the ova occurs from the beginning of follicular vesiculation up to the early blastocyst stages. Corpora haemorrhagica are present in most of the recently ruptured follicles of all the species.Cleavage is regular, though adequal, up to the eight-cell stage, the blastomeres clustering into a compact mass. There is desquamation of cellular material from the periphery of the ovum between morula and blastocyst stages. At the same time cells within the blastocyst degenerate to add to the cavity originally formed by confluence of intercellular spaces. The cavity forms among the inner cells, an inner cell mass being left at one pole and an anti-embryonic mass at the other. The anti-embryonic cells produce much of the yolk-sac entoderm and contribute to the implantation mass. The latter mass forms a temporary attachment of the blastocyst to the uterine mucosa in these species. The definitive entoderm arises by migration and delamination of certain of the inner cell mass cells. A transitory notochordal canal, passing in a vertical plane through Hensen's node, is strongly suggested.
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    On the arterial system of the common Indian rat-snake, Ptyas mucosus (Linn.) (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 533-575 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The arterial system of Ptyas mucosus (Linn.) reveals the following interesting features: (1) A prominent diverticulum given off from the inner antero-dorsal edge of the left auricle. (2) Ridge-like continuation of the median hanging valve of the sinus venosus lining the ventral edge of the opening of the right precaval vein. (3) Guarding of the opening of the pulmonary vein by a portion of the inter-auricular septum abutting against it. (4) Presence of two longitudinal trunks on either side of the hepatic portal vein formed by the hepatic branches of the hepato-oesophageal arteries, which, uniting with one another, form a peculiar arrangement looking almost like a looped chain. (5) A complete arterial circuit in the female formed by the combination of the genital, supra-renal, and the anterior-most renal arteries of either side. (6) Chain-like arrangement formed by the alternate bifurcation and union of the posterior-most part of the longitudinal fat-body artery and also by its lateral branches, which unite with it here and there after giving off twigs to the fat bodies. (7) A pair of small arteries (or in some cases only one) called ‘arteria complexa’ which take their origin from the dorsal aorta opposite the openings of the iliac veins into the afferent renals.
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    The idiochromosomes of an earwig, Labidura riparia (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 361-369 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The diploid number of chromosomes of a species of Indian earwigs, Labidura riparia, is fourteen; six pairs of autosomes with X and Y idiochromosomes for the male; six pairs of autosomes with X and X for the female.The chromosome distribution is normal, and constant for all the individuals studied.X and Y are derived from a single chromatin nucleolus of the early growth period which assumes a clavate form later, and remains in the same form till the metaphase of the primary spermatocyte is reached.
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    Masthead (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934) 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    A study of the chromosomes of Xiphophorus, Platypoecilus and of Xiphophorus-Platypoecilus hybrids during spermatogenesisThe writer wishes to acknowledge his indebtedness to Dr. C. L. Turner for advice and assistance. (1934)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 56 (1934), S. 423-443 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: During spermatogonial stages in Xiphophorus and Platypoecilus maculatus and Platypoecilus couchiana and in the hybrid, two distinct types of cells are observed, a large lightly staining primary spermatogonium and a smaller deeply staining secondary spermatogonium. Chromosomes of primary spermatogonia of Platypoecilus maculatus and Platypoecilus couchiana differ somewhat from those of Xiphophorus helleri and Xiphophorus jalapa, but are very similar to those of the hybrid at this stage.Chromosomes of Xiphophorus at this stage are long and thin, while those of Platypoecilus and of the hybrid are somewhat short and thick. Visible chromosome differences appear only during the primary spermatogonial stages.The haploid group of chromosomes, numbering twenty-four in the hybrid, so resembles that of Xiphophorus and of these two species of Platypoecilus in both number and morphological characteristics during the primary spermatocyte division as to be practically indistinguishable from either. Persistent lagging of one large chromosome as it comes upon the equatorial plate during the primary spermatocyte division is very noticeable. Precocious division of this chromosome and the advancing of its two daughter components to the poles of the spindle in advance of other chromosomes indicates that this chromosome may be a sex chromosome. The fact that two daughter components are identical morphologically and that each secondary spermatocyte receives one of them suggests that the male in Xiphophorus and in Platypoecilus is homogametic.
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    Masthead (1948)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 83 (1948) 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050830101
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    A morphological study of the development of the placenta of the rat. I. An outline of the development of the placenta of the white rat (1948)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 83 (1948), S. 61-85 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    A study of the blood of some crustaceaThis study was aided by a grant from the Carnegie Foundation to the University of North Carolina. Grateful acknowledgment is also made to Mr. Albert C. Day, Director of the United States Fish and Wild Life Service, for permission to use the facilities of the Beaufort, North Carolina, laboratory and to Professor John H. Ferguson, Department of Physiology, University of North Carolina, for materials and assistance in making the tests with bovine fibrinogen and thrombin. (1948)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 83 (1948), S. 425-443 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050830305
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    The cytogenetics of meiosis in Drosophila. Mitotic and meiotic autosomal chiasmata without crossing over in the male (1949)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 84 (1949), S. 81-121 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Additional Material: 56 Ill.
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    Masthead (1949)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 84 (1949) 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Histochemical studies on the Acanthocephala. I. The distribution of lipase and phosphataseContribution from the Zoological Laboratories of the University of Illinois under the direction of Prof. Harley J. Van Cleave in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. (1949)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 84 (1949), S. 185-199 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Masthead (1949)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 84 (1949) 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    The development of the chondrocranium of the spiny dogfish, Acanthias vulgaris (Squalus acanthias). Part I. Neurocranium, mandibular and hyoid archesPart of a thesis approved for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the University of London. (1949)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 84 (1949), S. 227-279 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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    Situs inversus viscerum in conjoined triplets of the Brook trout (1949)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 84 (1949), S. 411-426 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    Some transformations in asymmetry among Corixidae (1949)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 84 (1949), S. 525-534 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    A comparative study of the reproductive systems of Xironogiton instabilius instabilius Moore and Cambarincola philadelphica Leidy (Annelida, Oligochaeta, Branchiobdellidae)The work reported in this paper was done at the University of Virginia in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts. I wish to express my appreciation to Dr. Horton H. Hobbs, Jr., for the encouragement he has given me throughout the course of this study, and for his critical reading of the manuscript. (1949)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 84 (1949), S. 535-571 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Correlated studies of sense organs and nerves of the lateral-line in living frog tadpoles. III. Experiments on the orange granules and sense hairs of denervated and innervated organs (1949)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 85 (1949), S. 113-139 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    The weight of the pituitary gland of the male dog in relation to body weight and age, with a differential cell count of the anterior lobeThis paper is an abridgement of a thesis by Kenneth C. Francis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science, University of Colorado Medical Center, Denver, Colorado. (1949)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 85 (1949), S. 141-161 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    Abnormal growths on the head of Drosophila melanogasterThe establishment of The Genetics Research Laboratory in which this investigation was carried out has been aided by grants from the University of Utal Research Committee. This support is gratefully acknowledged. (1949)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 85 (1949), S. 177-195 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Development of the glycogen body of the chick spinal cord. I. Normal morphogenesis, vasculogenesis and anatomical relationshipsThis investigation has been supported entirely by grants from the Dr. Wallace C. and Clara A. Abbott Memorial Fund of The University of Chicago. (1949)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 85 (1949), S. 337-389 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    Masthead (1949)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 85 (1949) 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    The glands in the external auditory meatus of the catThis work was supported by a grant from the United States Public Health Service, R. G. 1036, administered by Dr. J. B. Hamilton, Long Island College of Medicine. (1949)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 85 (1949), S. 423-441 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Masthead (1966)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 119 (1966) 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051190101
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    The origin and development of alopecia in mice homozygous for strong's luxoid geneThis work was supported by research grant AM-06428 from the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases, Public Health Service, and by a grant made to M. L. Fritts by the Institute of Science and Technology, State of Michigan. (1966)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 118 (1966), S. 565-579 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Hair follicles are initiated in mice homozygous for Strong's luxoid gene at the normal times. The dermis from 16 days of gestation to nine days after birth lags in development. The adipose layer instead of enlarging at the normal time of three days after birth delays until nine days. The growth of the first cycle hairs is inhibited, particularly on dorsal surfaces. Some follicles of all types degenerate. The surviving follicles enter telogen at seven days after birth, after forming only short unpigmented or poorly-pigmented hairs. Many follicles immediately begin a second cycle of growth, in which more normal hairs develop and a substantial adipose layer forms. No alopecia develops on ventral surfaces, but growth of the first cycle ceases and the second cycle commences earlier than normal; the hairs formed are abnormal. Abnormal hair growth in Strong's luxoid homozygotes may be a result of the retarded growth of the dermis or both defects may be secondary to a more fundamental defect.
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    Neurosecretory cells in the central nervous system of the adult blowfly Phormia regina meigen (diptera: Calliphoridae)This investigation was supported in part by a Public Health Service Research Career Award 5-K6-GM-18,495--01 through 03 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences, and by Public Health Service Research grant Al-00533 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, both made to G.F. (1966)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 119 (1966), S. 21-37 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: 1Neurosecretary cells in the central nervous system of the adult blowfly, Phormia regina Meig., have been examined histologically using the parparaldehyde-fuchsin and Gomori's staining method. Six groups of the neurosecretory cells occur in each hemisphere of the brain, the medial, frontal, lateral A, lateral B, posterior I and posterior II groups. In the subesophageal ganglion, four B-cells and two A-cells are present. In the thoracico-abdominal ganglion, ten A-cells are found in the thoracic region and a total of about 50 A- and B-cells in the hind part of the abdominal region.2A comparison with the neurosecretory system of two other species of blowfly, Calliphora erythrocephala Meig., Sarcophaga bullata Parker, and the housefly, Musca domestica L., showed similar arrangements and grouping.3Neurosecretory granules have been observed along the axons originating from the medial neurosecretory cells of the brain, and the thoracico-abdominal ganglion. The granules originating from the medial groups can be traced directly to the corpus cardiacum from which they move to the aorta, crop duct and cardia through axons.4There is with advancing age a gradual increase in the size of cell bodies and nuclei of the median neurosecretory cells in both females and males of Phormia regina, and also a decrease in stainable granules. This increase in size is dependent on nutrition, with no increase in water alone, a slight increase on sugar, and a maximum increase on sugar and liver. Corresponding increases in size occur in the ovaries in connection with feeding the same substances.
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    The megachiroptera and vespertilionoidea of the microchiroptera (1966)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 119 (1966), S. 101-119 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The structure of the external ears and the ultrasonic cries produced by one member of the single family of Megachiroptera and six representatives of the Vespertilionoidea of the Microchiroptera have been described. All the specimens were intra-vitally fixed and the preparations have been examined, photographed and measured. Brief notes are given on the middle ear and the following measurements have been made on the cochlea: the general size of the cochlea in various dimensions, the width and thickness of the basilar membrane, the size of the spiral ligament and the height of the cells of Claudius. In conclusion it can be said that there are marked differences in the structure of the cochleae of the two suborders, as well as within the superfamily Vespertilionoidea.
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    Masthead (1966)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 119 (1966) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051190301
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    The fine structure of blood cells in the ascidian Perophora viridis (1966)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 119 (1966), S. 305-326 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The fine structure of each of the blood cell types of Perophora viridis has been characterized and strong evidence for localization of vanadium in two of these types is given.There are eight cell types; phagocytes which may contain completely engulfed cells, lymphocytes with a prominant nucleolus and scanty cytoplasm packed with clustered ribosomes, and six other cell types each with distinctive granules. Morula cells contain a central nucleus and cytoplasm filled by wedged bodies, about five of which are seen in section. These bodies contain regularly spaced electron dense foci. Green cells have the same organization but contain bodies which are electron dense throughout. Granular amoebocytes contain many smaller lightly staining oval bodies and much glycogen. Another cell type (probably orange cells of light microscopy) contains numerous granular rounded bodies. Compartment cells have vacuoles containing electron dense particles and signet ring cells have usually one large vacuole which is electron dense lined and may contain electron dense particles. Developmental stages of these cell types show involvement of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi bodies in granule formation.After glutaraldehyde fixation alone the only extremely electron dense components are particles in the compartment cells and signet ring cells implicating these as sites of vanadium localization, although not excluding other cell types.
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    Structural changes in the murine yolk sac during gestation: Cytochemical and electron microscope observationsThis work was supported by N.S.F. grants GB 280 and GB 1477. Mrs. Calarco holds N.I.H. predoctoral fellowship 1-F1-GM-24, 170-01 and part of this work was done by her in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the M.S. degree. (1966)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 119 (1966), S. 341-355 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Specimens of murine yolk sac prepared for light and electron microscopy at 8, 12, and 18 days of gestational age revealed a changing morphology of the endodermal cells in the visceral layer as gestation progressed. Basophilia increased between 8 and 12 days and decreased slightly between 12 and 18 days. These changes corresponded to the development of a highly organized rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum by 12 days and its partial replacement by smooth-surfaced elements by 18 days. Staining of frozen sections with tetrazolium dyes revealed a substrate dependent localization of the staining reaction within the cells and suggested an underlying compartmentalization of metabolic activities. Two types of apical granules were observed on the basis of both cytochemistry and electron microscopy. These granules were most numerous at 12 days of gestational age. The observations suggest that although synthesis and absorption doubtless occur simultaneously throughout gestation, the emphasis is on synthesis during the first half of the period and absorption during the second half. It is suggested that the change in fine structure may be due to the rupture of Reichert's membrane and the subsequent establishment of direct contact between the endodermal cells and the uterine wall.
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    The ganglion-connective junction in the central nervous system of the leech, Hirudo medicinalisSupported in part by Research grant GM-10182 from the Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Institutes of Health, United States Public Health Service and in part by Research grant GB-3593 from the National Science Foundation. (1966)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 119 (1966), S. 417-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Classical studies of the nervous system of the leech revealed that there were specific types of very large glial cells associated with various parts of the neuron. Recent microelectrode studies demonstrated that there was a low resistance to the flow charge from any one of these large glial cells to another. The present study describes a previously unreported type of glial cell, the glial cell of the fascicles. These cells, which resemble the glial cells of the connectives but are smaller, are found in the fascicles of axons that unite the connectives to the neuropil. Thus, these cells are located between the glial cells of the connectives on the one hand and the glial cells of the neuropil and packets on the other and must be taken into account in considerations of the low resistance to the transfer of charge from one glial cell to another.
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    Masthead (1966)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 120 (1966) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051200101
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    Electron microscope studies on the oocyte of the fresh-water mussel (Anodonta), with special reference to the stalk and mechanism of yolk depositionThis study was supported by research grants (GM-5479, 4706) from the National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, and a grant from the National Science Foundation (G-9879). (1966)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 119 (1966), S. 477-501 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: An interesting relationship exists between the ovary and the developing oocyte in the fresh-water mussel. As the oocytes grow, they elongate and bulge into the ovarian cavity. In the early stages, the nucleus migrates from the attached region (“foot”) to the distal region of the cell. With continued growth and maturation the connection between the proximal “foot” and distal nucleated portion becomes reduced to a narrow stalk. Microtubules appear in the young oocytes as they start to elongate and become packed in the stalks of older oocytes. It is suggested that the microtubules function as supporting structures and possibly also as channels for the transfer of materials from one portion of the oocyte to the other. The fine structure of the oocyte reveals evidence that the developing yolk bodies or spheres are formed, in part at least, by the incorporation of many smaller “precursor yolk vesicles.” These appear in the region of the Golgi complex and are presumed to be derived from the Golgi saccules. The oocyte contains an unusually well developed endoplasmic reticulum whose cisternae are filled with a rather conspicuous material.
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    Embryonic development of the ciliary arteries of the rabbit from inception through the emergence of the circulus arteriosus iridisSupported by research grant HE-04838.05sl, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Public Health Service. (1966)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 119 (1966), S. 393-416 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Since the rabbit's eye more nearly resembles the human eye than any other mammal used in experimental investigations, a detailed study of its ciliary arteries has been made. A closely timed series of embryos injected through the living umbilical vein and rendered transparent show, in thick sections, silhouetted vessels in perspective. Heretofore the ciliary arteries have been studied from their first identification until they have reached the primitive choriocapillaris, but no farther. This study shows their complete history including their relation to the circulus arteriosus iridis major and to the pupillary membrane. Our special concern has been ferreting out the mode of migration of the components of the definitive arteries. New findings include: (1) an arteriovenous plexus which mediates the transference from vessels anastomotic with it to other such vessels; (2) functionally different segments of the primitive ciliary arteries; (3) different arterial and venous plexuses which play roles in embryonic development; (4) discovery of the realignment of the choriocapillaris into vertical vessel meshes with transverse anastomoses between them, each of which have different fates; (5) the mode of development of the circulus arteriosus iridis major; (6) a crown of venous vessels looping around the iris margin; and (7) a special arterial supply for the ciliary processes.
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    A comparative investigation of neuroglia in representative vertebrates: A silver carbonate studyThis investigation was supported by Public Health Service Research grant 1-F1-GM-22,665-01 (Pre-Doctoral fellowship) from the National Institutes of Health and General Research Support Grant 320002 of the United States Public Health Service. (1966)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 119 (1966), S. 435-465 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The phylogenetic development of neuroglia (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes) was investigated in homologous cortical and subcortical forebrain regions of selected vertebrates. Microglia were not considered in the current study.Four to seven brains from each species were used. Scharenberg's modification for astroglia of del Rio Hortega's silver carbonate technique was used. The analysis of neuroglia cells was based on (1) the characteristic cellular morphology found in each species, (2) a comparison of the selected regions in each animal, (3) the interrelationships of astrocytes and their relations to neurons, blood vessels, and oligodendrocytes.The predominant type of neuroglia found in the fish, frog, and lizard was the ependymal cell; however, non-ependymal glial cells were also present. The bird represented a transitional phylogenetic stage from a predominance of ependymal glial to a predominance of non-ependymal glia. A progressive increase in the morphological relationships of glial cell bodies and processes to neurons was found with ascension of the phylogenetic scale from fish through primate.Interrelations were observed between adjacent astrocytic processes and cell bodies, and between astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. The processes of adjacent glial cells also appeared to show an increase in thickness at the point of approximation. A variety of astrocytes were observed ranging from small, round-oval shaped cells to large polygonal or stellate forms. Variations in the number of astrocytic processes, their thickness, and degree of secondary branching were described, and their possible functional significance was discussed.
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    A histological and ultrastructural study of germinal differentiation of interstitial cells arising from gland cells in Hydra viridis (1966)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 120 (1966), S. 1-8 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Gland cells of the gastrodermis of Hydra when isolated from the epidermis are capable of dedifferentiating into interstitial cells. Under proper environmental conditions these interstitial cells are capable of undergoing meiotic divisions and forming normal gametes. This dedifferentiation and redifferentiation sequence has been studied at the level of the light and electron microscope. It is concluded that in Hydra there is no specific germinal cell line determined during embryogeny, and that a somatic cell under proper environmental conditions can be induced to undergo meiosis.
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    Fine structural organization of the rectum in the blowfly, Calliphora erythrocephala (Meig.) with special reference to connective tissue, tracheae and neurosecretory innervation in the rectal papillae (1966)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 120 (1966), S. 23-81 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The rectal epithelium of Calliphora is made up of three quite distinct cell types: rectal, cortical and junctional cells.The thin wall of the rectal pouch is made up of rectal cells which are relatively simple and unspecialized; their general structure does not suggest any direct participation in ion transport.A function of ion and water transport can probably be ascribed to the cortical cells, which are arranged in the form of four cones which project into the rectal lumen. The cavity of each cone is filled up with tracheae, nerve and neurosecretory terminals, and connective tissue to form medulla. The medulla and cortex are separated from each other by deeply staining bridges or trabeculae to form an infundibular space. The most conspicuous feature of the cortex is the presence of an extensive intercellular sinus formed by complex infoldings of the lateral plasma-membranes. It is postulated that fluid, which is absorbed from the rectal lumen, is transported into the intercellular sinus and finally reaches the haemolymph via the infundibular space. The actual site of ion transport is probably the stacks of lateral plasma-membrane which are closely associated with mitochondria.The junctional cells, which are packed with microtubules, form a collar around the base of the papillae at the point of their insertion into the rectal wall.It is suggested that the neurosecretory terminals present in the medulla might release a hormone which controls rate of ion and water reabsorption by the papillae cells.
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    Sense organs on the antennal flagellum of a walkingstick Carausius morosus Brünner (Phasmida)This work was supported in part by a grant from the National Science Foundation GB-4553. (1966)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 120 (1966), S. 189-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The long, filamentous antennal flagellum of Carausius morosus has on it three types of sense organs (1) tactile hairs, (2) thick-walled chemoreceptors and (3) thin-walled chemoreceptors. Tactile hairs and thick-walled chemoreceptors are present on all of the 40 or more flagellar subsegments while thin-walled chemoreceptors are limited to about one-third of them. Thin-walled chemoreceptors are present on subsegments nine and ten, one of the subsegments between 15 and 20 and from approximately the thirtieth subsegment to the distal end of the antenna. A description of each of these sense organs is given. No coeloconic or campaniform sense organs were found.
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    Masthead (1967)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 121 (1967) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051210201
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    The division and differentiation of Drosophila cystocytes (1967)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 121 (1967), S. 55-70 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Light and electron microscopical studies allow a descriptive account to be given of he morphogenesis of the egg chamber of Drosophila melanogaster. The study demonstrates that the mitotic products of a single cystoblast generate a branching chain of 16 inter-connected cystocytes. Two specific cystocytes enter meiotic prophase, while the rest become nurse cells. The two pro-oocytes form synaptinemal complexes in their nuclei. However, one of the two cells later switches back into the nurse cell developmental pathway. The elongation of the synaptinemal complexes is described, and estimates are made of the time involved in their formation. These complexes continue to be synthesized long after the DNA replication which gives the oocyte its 4C DNA content. This finding implies that at least some genetic crossing over follows DNA replication. Evidence is presented that cells undergoing crossing over are most efficient in repairing radiation-induced chromosomal breaks. Suggestions are given as to the mechanisms by which (1) cell division is inhibited once 16 cystocytes are formed, (2) the future cleavage planes of cystocytes are programmed, (3) the pro-oocytes are differentiated from nurse cells, and (4) the oocyte is chosen from the twin pro-oocytes. The contrasting behaviors of the oocyte and nurse cell nucleoli are described. During oogenesis nucleolar synthesis of ribosomal RNAs is suppressed in the oocyte and concurrently stimulated in the nurse cells. It follows that the nurse nuclei are the major sources of the prodigious quantities of ribosomes found in the ooplasm of the mature oocyte.
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    The morphology and function of accessory reproductive glands in the lophophores of Phoronis vancouverensis and Phoronopsis harmeriThis work was submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The research was completed at the Friday Harbor Laboratories, Friday Harbor, Washington, and was supported in part by an NSF Summer Training Grant and by NSF Intermediate (#28218) and Terminal Year (#39202) Fellowships. (1967)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 121 (1967), S. 159-178 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The enigmatic lophophoral organs of phoronids are demonstrated to by accessory sex glands. In the hermaphroditic Phoronis vancouverensis, each mature adult has two pairs of such glands: female nidamental glands that facilitate the temporary brooding of the embryos and male accessory spermatophoral organs that function in spermatophore elaboration. Functional males of Phoronopsis harmeri have complex accessory spermatophoral organs while females of this non-brooding dioecious species lack accessory sex glands.In both species, coelomic spermatozoa are accumulated within the nephridia and passed en masse into the partially enclosed spermatophoral organs. There each sperm mass is molded into a characteristic shape and encased in one or more membranes before release as a spermatophore into the ambient water. The structure of the spermatophore is characteristic for each species and is correlated with the functional morphology of the distinctive spermatophoral organs.The existence of spermatophores, the non-primitive nature of the spermatozoa, and additional features of reproductive biology dictate that fertilization is internal in these species, but attempts to determine the means of sperm transfer proved futile. Reproductive potential and behaviour of male Phoronopsis, means of gamete segregation in Phoronis, and general pattern of reproductive biology for both phoronids were also studied.
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    The structure of the cochlea in chiroptera. III. Microchiroptera: Phyllostomatoidea (1967)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 121 (1967), S. 241-254 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The middle ear and the cochlea have been described in 20 representatives from the superfamily Phyllostomatoidea of the suborder Microchiroptera. Various measurements have been made and the results compared by means of graphs. The ultrasonic pulses used by these bats for echolocation have been recorded and analysed. Generally, the structure of the cochlea does not show extreme modifications as found in some other superfamilies that have previously been discussed.
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    Ultrastructure of the crocodile kidney (Crocodylus acutus) with special reference to electrolyte and fluid transportThis work was supported by grant AM09975-02 from the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. (1967)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 121 (1967), S. 255-276 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The study of the ultrastructure of the kidney tubules of the crocodile was made to compare the cellular structure with the capacity for electrolyte resorption and the ability to create an osmotic gradient across the tubular wall. The crocodile tubular cells were found to differ from the mammalian tubular cells in that they do not have basal infoldings, but instead have open lateral spaces between the cells, similar in many aspects to those found in the mammalian gallbladder. The physiological role of these lateral spaces in solute and fluid transfer is discussed.
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    Proliferative response in experimentally injured frog lens epithelium: Autoradiographic evidence for movement of DNA synthesis towards the injuryThis investigation was supported by Public Health Service Research grant 5R01-NB-05635-02 from the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness. (1967)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 121 (1967), S. 295-309 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In order to follow the movement of cells involved in the proliferative response induced by wounding, changes in the cell population of three regions of normal and injured frog lens epithelium were studied with respect to DNA synthesis and mitosis using autoradiography following intraperitoneal injection of H-3-thymidine. The injured lenses comprised two groups: one subjected to labeled thymidine at 40 hours post-injury when the proliferative response begins, the other at 72 hours when the proliferative response is at its peak. Lenses were fixed at increasing intervals after injection.The data show that a central injury initiates proliferation in a large number of cells; this response appears at first mainly among the cells in the outlying proliferative (pre-equatorial) zone, as judged by the number of labeled nuclei and mitoses seen there in the first few hours after injection in the 40 hour preparations. At later intervals labeled cells and mitoses appear centrally adjacent to the wound. And in the 72 hour preparations, the greatest concentration of reactive cells is adjacent to the wound. There is also thinning out of labeled cells in the proliferative zone and greater dilution of exposed emulsion grains over nuclei adjacent to the wound with time, suggesting that outlying cells migrate centrally, dividing en route. However, interpretation of these data is limited by the finding that H-3-thymidine injected intraperitoneally into the frog is not cleared rapidly from the circulation; the serum after 24 hours retains about 20% of the radioactivity (measured by scintillation counting) present at 15 minutes post-injection.
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    Embryology of the thoracic and abdominal ganglia of the large milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus (Dallas), (Hemiptera, Lygaeidae)Journal paper no. 3159 of the Pennsylvania State Agricultural Experiment Station. Presented at the annual meeting of the Entomological Society of America, 1964. (1967)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 122 (1967), S. 1-17 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In this study, the condensation of the three thoracic and 11 abdominal segmental ganglia to form a prothoracic and central nerve mass during embryogenesis is described. During katatrepsis, many changes occur in the organization of these ganglia; this study suggests that some of these changes are caused by mechanical forces acting on the ventral nerve cord at this time. The ventral nerve cord begins its anterior migration and coalescence ten hours after katatrepsis and is completed 63 hours later. The central ganglion is made up of the meso- and metathoracic ganglia and seven abdominal ganglia. Intrasegmental median cord nuclei are shown to form glial elements in the median sagittal plane of the neuropile and in the longitudinal connectives. Intersegmental median cord neuroblasts migrate into the posterior gangliomeres but, apparently, degenerate soon after katatrepsis. Lateral cord cells bordering on the neuropile form a glial investment that surrounds this fiber tract region. Peripheral lateral cord cells are shown to form the cells of the outer ganglionic sheath, the perineurium.
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    Masthead (1967)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 122 (1967) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051220201
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    Sense organs on the antennal flagella of earwigs (Dermaptera) with special reference to those of Forficula auriculariaSupported in part by grant GB-4553 from the National Science Foundation. (1967)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 122 (1967), S. 63-79 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Five types of sense organs have been found on the antennal flagellum of Forficula auricularia Linnaeus: (1) tactile hairs; (2) long, thick-walled chemoreceptors; (3) short, thick-walled chemoreceptors; (4) thin-walled chemoreceptors and (5) coeloconic chemoreceptors. Earlier workers have placed the first three of these in a single class. The structural characteristics and distribution of these five kinds of sensilla on the antenna are described. All of the types except the third have been reported previously for other species but short, thick-walled chemoreceptors have not been described before. They are remarkable for the presence of (1) a broad pad-Like structure that absorbs dyes readily at the distal end of the peg and (2) a spheroid body, over a micron in diameter, on the dendrite of each olfactory neuron at the point where it narrows to assume the structure of a cilium. The antennal sense organs of a few specimens of Chelisoches morio (Fabricius), Labidura riparia (Pallas) and Euborellia annulipes (Lucas) were also examined.
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    The structure of the carotid bifurcation in the lizards Tiliqua occipitalis and Trachysaurus rugosus (1967)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 122 (1967), S. 115-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The origin of the internal carotid artery in the lizards Tiliqua occipitalis and Trachysaurus rugosus has been shown to be both extremely variable and complex. In the dense connective tissue investing the junction of the internal carotid artery and the summit of the carotid arch are groups of cells associated with sinusoids derved from arterioles arising from the neighboring great vessels. The conspicuous epithelioid cells in these groups resemble the mammalian carotid body glomus and amphibian α cells. Nerve fibers showing no obvious synaptic specializations pass to and over these cell groups. It is suggested that these cell groups and sinusoids are comparable to mammalian carotid body glomeruli. A similar group of cells has been described in the concavity of the summit of the fourth aortic arch. This cell group, however, gives a distinct chromaffin reaction.
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    Masthead (1967)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 121 (1967) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051210301
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    Correlation of the development of membranous and bony labyrinths, acoustic ganglia, nerves, and brain centers of the chick embryo (1967)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 121 (1967), S. 179-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Detailed descriptions are presented of morphogenetic and histogenetic events occurring in the membranous and bony labyrinths, sensory areas, acoustic ganglia, and acoustic centers of the hindbrain of the chick embryo, stages 11 to 45. Major morphogenetic changes occur between stage 11 and stage 30. During this period primordial ganglionic neuroblasts are segregated from the otic epithelium and differentiate into the bipolar neuroblasts of the vestibular and cochlear ganglia, neuroblasts of the alar plate in the acoustic region of the rhombencephalon differentiate, migrate, and are organized into acoustic nuclei, and the otic cup closes to form a vesicle which undergoes complicated structural changes to become a labyrinth. Morphological events in neural structures are closely followed by structural changes in the labyrinth. Minor morphological changes continue to occur through stage 44. The histogenetic period, stage 26 to 38, is the same for all parts of the acoustic apparatus. Minor histogenetic events occur up to hatching. In this period, differentiation of ganglionic and central neurones precedes differentiation of sensory cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051210302
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    Morphological and histochemical studies on oogenesis in Callosobruchus analis Fabr. (Bruchidae-Coleoptera) (1967)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 122 (1967), S. 19-33 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The ovary in Callosobruchus analis consists of telotrophic ovarioles with the so called nurse cells confined to one chamber at the anterior end of the ovariole. There are three types of lipids in the ovary: (1) L1 bodies that are present in the early oocytes, in the posterior prefollicular tissue and in the follicular epithelium and contain unsaturated phospholipids; (2) L2 bodies that have a complete or incomplete sheath of phospholipids and a triglyceride core; (3) L3 bodies that are formed of highly saturated triglycerides. Lipids are absent from the trophic tissue. In a mature oocyte the L1 and L2 bodies are cortical in distribution while the L3 bodies are centrally located.The mitochondria contain lipoproteins with RNA. The yolk spheres are acid mucopolysaccharides and protein in nature. The precursors of the yolk spheres appear first in the cortical coplasm and are absent from the follicular epithelium or the trophic tissue. The nucleolus of the oocyte shows evidence of extrusions that are believed to pass into the ooplasm.There are no nutritive cords connecting the trophic tissue to the oocytes; nor is there any evidence of any histochemically demonstrable nutritive material being contributed to the oocyte by the trophic tissue. The circumstantial evidence points towards a contribution of the raw materials to the oocyte by the haemolymph either through or in between the follicular epithelium in some soluble form or as submicroscopic particles.
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    Splenomegaly and hemolytic anemia induced in rats by methylcellulose  -  an electron microscopic studyThis work was supported by grants Hema CA 5375-06 of thE United States Public Health service and a Training Grant of the National Institute of General Medical Sciences. (1967)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 122 (1967), S. 35-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Parenteral administration of methylcellulose causes massive splenomegaly and hemolytic anemia in rats. The red pulp of the spleen is markedly cellular due mainly to: (1) large numbers of voluminous free macrophages containing methylcellulose-induced vacuoles, (2) an increase in the number of plasma cells and (3) stasis of blood evidenced by a large number of erythrocytes and platelets in vessels, sinuses and cords. White pulp changes are usually less marked. Here the major change is the presence of macrophages containing methylcellulose-induced inclusions. The slow circulatory time in the spleen and the increase in macrophages may cause the hemolytic anemia observed in these animals.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051220104
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    Observations on the cervix uteri of the squirrel monkeyThis investigation was supported by NIH Resource grant FR 00180 and NIH grant HD 01357. (1967)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 122 (1967), S. 81-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The squirrel monkey uterine cervix was studied macroscopically and microscopically in intact and ovariectomized monkeys. The effect in ovariectomized monkeys of estradiol dipropionate or progesterone of both given after estrogen priming was studied by PAS staining.The lower portion of the cervix was dilated to form a vestibule into which projected fibromuscular colliculi which arose from the isthmic end of the cervix. The stratified squamous epithelium of the vagina was continuous through the external os with a similar epithelium lining the vestibule and covering the external surfaces of the colliculi. The transitional zone between the stratified epithelium and columnar cells was variable. The colliculi were covered internally with mucosal folds of columnar epithelium continuous with those of the endocervical canal.Glycogen concentration in the smooth muscle did not fluctuate markedly, irrespective of the hormones used. Glycogen granules were more numerous in the stratified squamous epithelium. Malt-diastase-resistant material appeared to be more abundant in the columnar epithelium and glandular lumina when the monkeys received both hormones than when they received solely estrogen or progesterone.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    Innervation of the respiratory muscles of Gallus domesticusContribution no. 40. Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, KSAES, KSU, Manhattan, Kansas.Supported by research grant NB-05786 from the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness, U. S. Public Health Service.Miss Cheryl S. Schroeppel prepared the drawings. (1967)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 123 (1967), S. 17-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A detailed gross anatomical study of the innervation of the respiratory muscles was made on twenty mature, male, Single Comb White Leghorn chickens. The aim was to demonstrate the general pattern and degree of terminal branching of the intercostal and lumbar nerves that innervate respiratory muscles.The point of entry for all nerves was on the medial face of the proximal third of the belly of the muscles, except for the transversus abdominis and costopulmonary muscles. The nerves were not always accompanied by blood vessels at the point of entry but both were invariably related at their terminal branches within the muscle belly and the tendon or aponeurosis. Within the muscle, primary, secondary, tertiary, and quarternary subdivisions of nerves coursed parallel to the muscle fibers, but some were tortuous. Plexus formation and/or segmental nerve anastomosis was most evident in strongly active expiratory and inspiratory muscles, i.e., all abdominal muscles and the m. costisternalis pars major.A craniocaudal gradient in the size and development of the contractile mass of the intercostal muscles was observed. The mm. intercostales interni increased in size in the caudal intercostal spaces, while the reverse was true for the mm. intercostales externi. Variable forms and sizes of lateroventral abdominal muscles were observed and the m. rectus abdominis was consistently present.The mm. intercostales interni and externi received branches from both the nn. intercostales interni and externi.
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    Studies on regeneration in the creeping ctenophore, Vallicula multiformisThis investigation was supported by grant GB-3588 from the National Science Foundation. (1967)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 123 (1967), S. 71-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The ctenophore, Vallicula multiformis (V. multiformis) (Rankin), can reproduce asexully by segregating pieces of tissue from its periphery. These pieces of tissue then differentiate to form new individuals. In 99% of the cases the pieces of tissue form normal animals; however in 1% of the cases they form “half animals” which have only one set of tentacles (the animal normally has two sets of tentacles). V. multiformis can also regenerate its apical organ, and one or both sets of tentacles.By cutting V. multiformis in half through the apical organ along the sagittal plane it is possible to produce “half animals” in 30% of the cases. “Half animals” can reproduce asexually. In 6% of the cases the new individuals which form from them differentiate as “half animals.” A part of a “half animal” that contains an apical organ will regenerate as a “half animal” while a part that does not contain an apical organ will regenerate as a normal individual. If one removes the apical organ from a “half animal,” it will regenerate it. A part of this animal containing the regenerated apical organ will regenerate as a “half animal.” If one removes the apical organ from a “half animal” and replaces it with the apical organ of a normal individual, the part containing the apical organ will regenerate as a normal individual. The results of these experiments are discussed in terms of possible mechanisms that control the process of regeneration.
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    Histology, histochemistry, and emptying mechanism of the venom glands of some elapid snakesThis investigation was partially supported by National Institutes of Health grant AC 00151 from the Division of Accident Prevention, Bureau of State Services (to C. Gans).Part of a thesis submitted to The Graduate School, State University of New York at Buffalo, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree in Biology. (1967)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 123 (1967), S. 133-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The venom glands of several species of elapid snakes are described. The main venom gland consists of many tubules which usually contain large amounts of secretion product. The accessory gland surrounds the entire venom duct and is usually composed of uniform mucous epithelium. The epithelium lining the tubules of the accessory gland of Naja naja is composed of two distinct types of cells. Histochemical tests indicate that the main venom gland reacts with mercury bromphenol blue and PAS but not with alcian blue. The accessory gland reacts with PAS and alcian blue, and not with mercury bromphenol blue. Treatment of sections with sialidase demonstrates the presence of a sialomucin in the accessory gland. Stimulation of the muscles associated with the venom gland offers an indication of the venom expulsion mechanism of Bungarus caeruleus. A comparison of the venom apparatus of elapid and viperid snakes emphasizes marked differences in the internal anatomy of the venom glands, muscles associated with the gland, and arrangement of glandular components. The morphological differences and dissimilar venom expulsion mechanisms support the recent view of the polyphyletic origin of venomous snakes.
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    Fine structure of the functional mesonephros in the eight-day chick embryo (1967)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 123 (1967), S. 441-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: An electron microscopic study of the functional mesonephros in the 8-day chick embryo revealed the following features of the nephron:Proximal tubule cells. Nuclei are spherical and basally oriented. Mitochondri are round or elongate with clear-cut cristae. Intramitochondrial granules occur sporadically. The Golgi complex, lying adjacent to the nucleus in apical cytoplasm, consists of flattened lamellae and associated secretion droplets. The cytoplasm is filled with ribosomes which occasionally are spiral in arrangement. Characteristic microvilli project from the apical end of cells. Basal regions of the cells are bounded by a homogeneous basement membrane. Adjacent epithelial cells are separated at their base by wide intercellular spaces. Interdigitating processes between cells are common in this area. At their apices, cells are joined by junctional complexes.Distal tubule cells. Nuclei are round and centrally located. Microvilli are sparse and usually absent. When present, they are short and blunt. Cells are closely allied at their base and joined tightly at their apices. Interdigitating processes are not as prevalent as in proximal tubules. Infoldings of the plasma membrane are prominent and compartmentalize mitochondria.Glomerulus. Endothelial cells are elongate, bordering the capillary lumen, and their membranes contain definite slit-pores. Epithelial pedicels extend from the cell body, intergiditate with each other and rest on the capillary basement membrane. The latter consists of three layers resembling those in adults.The similarity in the fine structural characteristics between chick mesonephros and adult metanepros corroborates the holonephric theory of vertebrate kidney evolution.
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    The development of the female Drosophila reproductive system (1968)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 124 (1968), S. 143-165 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Light and electron microscopical studies allow a descriptive account to be given of the preadult development of the ovary of Drosophila melanogaster. The lineage of the cell groups which contribute to the tissues of the adult ovary has been determined. The earliest morphologically detectable event in the differeentiation of each ovariole is the formation during the larval period of its terminal filament. Oogonia play no role in the induction of terminal filaments. The developmental events which transform a spherical mass of ovarian cells into a collection of multicellular cylinders is described. The importance in morphogenesis of acellular membranes secreted at the interface separting cells of different prospective significances is stressed. Such membranes may serve to regulate the future migration of cell populations or as sites of attachment for monolayers of cells which later fuse to form multinucleated muscle sheaths. The transformation of oogonia to cystoblasts coincides with and presumably depends upon the same hormonal stimulus which causes metamorphosis. The first oocytes to undergo crossing over do so between 24 and 36 hours after puparium formation.
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    Morphology of the presoma of Corynosoma hamanni (Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae) (1968)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 124 (1968), S. 217-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A morphological study of the presoma of adult Corynosoma hamanni (Linstow, 1892) was undertaken in an effort to clarify some problems encountered during analysis of a large collection of juveniles of this species assembled from fishes of McMurdo Sound. This study is based on approximately 600 adult specimens recovered from four Weddel seals, Leptonychotes weddelli, collected at McMurdo Sound.Morphologically the proboscis armature is more varied than previously reported and consists of 18 to 23 longitudinal rows each with 11 to 15 hooks of two distinct types. At the apex of the proboscis is an undivided, bi-nucleated apical organ unlike that described for species of Neoechinorhynchus. In the basal third of the proboscis is a thin-walled vesicle which extends into the anterior quarter of the proboscis receptacle. The more posterior of two external folds on the presoma is a cuticular invagination permitting recognition of the neck-trunk border of C. hamanni. Lemnisci originate between the two folds and extend into the trunk cavity between the body wall and extensive neck retractor muscles. Contrary to Linstow's original description, each lemniscus is a single structure.Several limitations in material prevent speculation at this time about the limits of intraspecific variation in C. hamanni.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051240207
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    Intraneural vascular response to defective development of the chick mesencephalonSupported by grant 5 RO1-HD-01679-02 from the USPHS National Institutes of Health. (1968)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 124 (1968), S. 295-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The development of intraneural vessels was studied in response to an induced hypermorphosis of neural tissue inthe midbrains of 38 chick embryos ranging in age from three days through 14 days of incubation. The pattern of vascularization was compared with that of normal chick embryos at comparable stages of development. In the experimental embryos, the increase in mitotic figures along the ventricular borders of the mesencephalon is accompanied by the establishment of an endoneural plexus approximately one day earlier than is the case during normal vascularization of the midbrain. This plexus also penetrates more deeply and extensively into the ependymal layer. Surface vessels and intraneural vascular elements are dilated, and the cerebrospinal fluid contains varying amounts of blood released from large intraneural vessels which protrude into the ventricle. The most prominent cerebrovascular effects seem to occur between the fourth and eighth days of incubation. Thereafter, the cerebrovascular pattern becomes more normal except for relatively few isolated hemorrhagic areas.
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