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  • Articles  (6)
  • Solar radiation  (5)
  • 42.75
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  • 1990-1994  (6)
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  • Geography  (6)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solar heat load on man (1993)
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 37 (1993), S. 125-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: Heat load ; Mean skin temperature ; Solar radiation ; Clothing ; Mean radiant temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Different methods have been compared for the estimation of solar heat load on man. The comparison comprised several methods based on the calculation of absorbed solar radiation and one method for calculation of mean radiant temperature (Mrt). Regression analysis was carried out for predicted values and values calculated for a vertical cylinder, assumed as an analog model of a standing man. Regression of mean skin temperature, measured in 10 subjects exposed to solar radiation under a variety of climatic conditions, on predicted radiant heat load was also analysed. Mean skin temperature correlated best withMrt, accounting for more than 50% of the variance. The results indicated that three methods provide a realistic estimation of the radiation heat load, whereas some methods show deviations of several hundred per cent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01212621
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heliophysical activity and incidence variations of skin malignant melanoma in Czechoslovakia: A regional study (1993)
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 37 (1993), S. 68-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: Skin malignant melanoma ; Solar radiation ; 11-year sunspot activity cycle ; Epidemiology ; Environment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Cyclic variations in the incidence of skin malignant melanoma during the years 1964–1985 in East Bohemia (excluding the districts of Pardubice and Svitavy), Czechoslovakia have been studied, as linear correlations with solar activity indexes have been revealed. The following statistical methods were applied: periodogram regression analysis, phase-correlation analysis, sigmamethod and Student'st-test. The discretization of the data is on the basis of 1 year. Different cycles were found in the incidence variations (T=7.5 years,T=11.5 years, etc.), and this has been correlated with the variations of two heliophysical indexes (Σ, W) for the same time period. A few significant statistical relationships have been established with a time difference (lag-period) between the extremes of the data series; the incidence maxima follow the peaks of solar activity and appear about the minima of solar indexes, mainly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01214383
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The response of solar radiation in Jubail, Saudi Arabia, to smoke from oil field fires in Kuwait (1992)
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 36 (1992), S. 176-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: Kuwait ; Oil field fires ; Solar radiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The relative monthly solar radiation in Jubail Industrial City, Saudi Arabia (300 km southeast of Kuwait City) was reduced to 75% of the recent 10-year mean value by the torching of the first 50 of many oil wells and production facilities in Kuwait in mid-January 1991. The value was reduced further when an additional 600 wells were ignited in late February. Solar radiation continued at 55–65% of normal levels during March to August, when 341 oil wells were still burning. Recovery was rapid as the fires in oil fields located directly upwind of Jubail were extinguished, with the solar radiation reaching 95% of the long-term mean in October.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01224823
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photosynthesis and leaf morphology ofLiquidambar styraciflua L. under variable urban radiant-energy conditions (1992)
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 36 (1992), S. 165-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: Urban canyon ; Liquidambar styraciflua ; Shade acclimation ; Solar radiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Diminished sunlight, characteristic of urban canyons, has been suggested as being potentially limiting to plant growth. This study investigated the response of sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) to variable irradiance in a range of urban locations. Diurnal photosynthesis was measured in situ on mature trees, comparing an open site at an urban park with an urban canyon that received 4 h of midday sun in midsummer. Photosynthesis for trees growing in the canyon was lower both during shaded and sunlit periods compared with trees at the park. Photosynthesis of detached shoots in a growth chamber was greater in canyon than park foliage at low irradiance, indicating possible photosynthetic shade acclimation analogous to tree species growing in the forest understorey. Shoot and trunk growth and morphological characteristics were measured onL. styraciflua growing along boulevards at 15 additional urban sites and related to seasonal interception of solar radiation. Angular elevation and orientation of buildings and trees that defined the horizon topography at each site were used in modeling the potential irradiance of global shortwave radiation. Seasonal irradiance among sites ranged from 21% in the urban core to nearly 95% in outlying residential districts of that potentially received under an unobstructed horizon. Shade acclimation was confirmed by differences in leaf morphology, as foliage became flatter, thinner, and more horizontally oriented at sites with lower irradiance. Photosynthetic and morphological acclimation to shade did not compensate for lower available radiant energy as both shoot and trunk growth decreased at sites of lower irradiance. Unlike the forest understorey, the static light environment of urban canyons may subject shade-intolerant species such asL. styraciflua to chronic, low-radiant-energy stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01224821
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Significant correlations between certain spectra of atmospherics and different biological and pathological parameters (1991)
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 34 (1991), S. 247-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: Atmospherics spectra ; Correlations ; Biology ; Pathology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Atmospherics are very short naturally occurring electromagnetic impulses of between 4 and 50 kHz. In this review we summarize our results concerning the correlations between certain spectra of atmospherics and several biological and pathological parameters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01041838
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The spectral distribution of biologically active solar radiation at Miami, Florida, USA (1991)
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 35 (1991), S. 48-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: Spectral distribution ; Solar radiation ; Miami
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The spectral distribution of solar radiation was studied under different sky conditions during a 15-month period in Miami, Florida (USA), and over a latitudinal gradient at solar maximum. Spectroradiometric scans were characterized for total irradiance (300–3000 nm) and the relative energetic and photon contributions of the following wavelength regions: UV-B (300–320 nm); UV-A (320–400 nm); B (400–500 nm); PAR (400–700 nm); R (600–700 nm); and FR (728–732 nm). Notable results include: (i) significantly higher UV-A energy fluxes than currently in use for laboratory experiments involving the biological effects of this band-width (values ranged from 33.6 to 55.4 W/m2 in Miami over the year); (ii) marked diurnal shifts in B:R and R:FR, with elevated R:FR values in early morning: (iii) a strong correlation between R:FR and atmospheric water content; and (iv) unusually high PAR values under direct sunlight with cloudy skies (2484 μmol/2 per s).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01040963
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