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  • Articles  (19)
  • Data
  • SEM  (19)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (19)
  • ELSEVIER
  • Elsevier
  • Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
  • Molecular Diversity Preservation International
  • Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
  • Springer
  • 1990-1994  (13)
  • 1985-1989  (6)
  • Natural Sciences in General  (19)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The internal compartmentation of rat-liver mitochondria: Tomographic study using the high-voltage transmission electron microscope (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 27 (1994), S. 278-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Matrix ; Membrane ; SEM ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The three-dimensional organization of the internal compartments of conventionally fixed and embedded rat-liver mitochondria has been determined by tomographic reconstruction from tilt-series images collected on the Albany high-voltage electron microscope. The results indicate that the inner membranes of these organelles are predominantly tubular in the orthodox (expanded matrix) conformation, as previously suggested by scanning electron microscopy. In the condensed (contracted matrix) conformation, the intracristal space opens up into large irregularly shaped compartments which are connected to each other and to the external (intermembrane) space by tubes with approximately the same diameter (20 nm) as those observed in the orthodox state. These results raise several questions, in particular about the nature of the structural transitions that occur in the cristae during matrix expansion and contraction, and about the influence of inner-membrane shape on the diffusion of ions and metabolites between the intracristal and intermembrane compartments. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070270403
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of clonal peripheral blood lymphocytes in low grade non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphomas with predominant splenomegaly (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 28 (1994), S. 345-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Lymphoma ; Splenomegaly ; SEM ; TEM ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBLs) from 14 patients with low grade non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphomas with predominant splenomegaly were studied by means of scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). All patients had peripheral blood and bone marrow involvement, the absence of lymphoadenopathy, and, except in one case, immunophenotypic features of a malignant proliferation of mature spleen B-cells arising from outside the germinal center, but not consistent with CLL or HCL. Several distinctive cytological features were observed in PBLs of the different subgroups. The SEM surface features of PBLs in patients with intermediate differentiation lymphocytic lymphoma (IDL) (five cases), lymphoplasmacytoid immunocytoma (LP-IC) (two cases), and mixed small and large cells malignant lymphoma (one case) were characterized by the presence of numerous well-developed microvilli. Some distinctive TEM ultrastructural features were also seen in the different cases. In the two cases of splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes (SLVL), SEM revealed large and elongated surface microvilli generally arising from two or three poles of the cells. This surface morphology, confirmed by TEM analysis, may be pathognomonic of this disease. Four additional cases, tentatively classified as small lymphocytic lymphoma on the basis of immunophenotypic data, were extremely heterogeneous at both SEM and TEM analysis. The ultrastructural features revealed by SEM and TEM may be useful for the more precise characterization of this heterogenous group of diseases, which is generally difficult to define even when immunophenotypic and molecular approaches are used. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070280409
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Planing frozen hydrated plant specimens for SEM observation and EDX microanalysis (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 28 (1994), S. 67-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Al coating ; Frozen hydrated specimens ; Gels ; Longitudinal sections ; Microanalysis ; Morphometric analysis ; Plant tissues ; SEM ; Serial sections ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: A procedure is described for forming a flat face on a frozen piece of plant tissue, which may then be observed fully-hydrated or lightly etched, and coated or uncoated with a metal film, in scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The frozen sample was planed with a glass knife at -80°C in cryo-ultramicrotome. The sections were discarded, and the planed block face placed on the cold stage in the microscope column, either for observation uncoated at low kV, or for light etching (-90°C) to reveal the cell outlines. If a higher accelerating voltage was needed, the face was given an evaporative coating of Al in the cryo-preparation chamber and returned to the column. The advantages of the planed face over the usual fracture face are illustrated: imaging at a chosen rather than a chance position; clearer cellular and subcellular detail; preservation of hydrated gels like mucilage and swollen cell walls; the possibility of making serial parallel sections through the same piece of tissue; opportunities for accurate morphometric analyses on the planed face; capacity to produce longitudinal sections; preservation of very delicate structures that are destroyed by fixation and drying. A major advantage of the Al-coated planed face is the increased accuracy of energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalyses on a smooth rather than a rough surface. Tests are included which show that neither the light etching employed, nor successive planing, interferes with the analyses of elements in the frozen face. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070280108
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface expression and distribution of Fc receptor III (CD 16 molecule) on human natural killer cells and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 28 (1994), S. 277-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: NK cells ; Neutrophils ; Fcγ receptor ; Immunogold ; SEM ; Backscattered electron imaging ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Human natural killer cells and polymorphonuclear neutrophils constitutively express the low-affinity IgG Fc receptor (FcγRIII, CD16 molecule). To investigate cell surface morphology, antigenic receptor density, and topographical distribution of FcγRIII on the plasma membrane of natural killer cells and polymorphonuclear neutrophils, conventional scanning electron microscopy (SEM), flow cytometry, and immunoscanning electron microscopy were used. FcγRIII was detected with an indirect immunogold labeling procedure, and receptors were visualized in the backscattered and secondary electron imaging mode of SEM. Natural killer cells showed a cell surface morphology compatible with lymphocytic differentiation characterized by microvilli and microridges. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils showed surface features characterized by ridges with folds and scattered short microvilli. Natural killer cells displayed a lower cell labeling density, whereas polymorphonuclear neutrophils showed a high level of expression of FcγRIII on the plasma membrane by quantitative analysis with SEM in the backscattered electron imaging mode. Flow cytometry analysis confirmed these findings. Analysis of the topographical distribution of FcγRIII antigenic receptor sites by SEM in the backscattered and secondary electron imaging modes showed that FcγRIII on natural killer cells are randomly distributed, whereas FcγRIII are located on ridges and folds of the plasma membrane of polymorphonuclear neutrophils. These observations suggest that natural killer cells and polymorphonuclear neutrophils differ in their levels of expression and topographic distribution of FcγRIII on the plasma membrane. This different spatial distribution of FcγRIII would provide morphological evidence of certain cellular functions mediated by natural killer cells and polymorphonuclear neutrophils. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070280404
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
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    Morphological characteristics of boar efferent ductules and epididymal duct (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 29 (1994), S. 411-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Corrosion casts ; LM ; SEM ; TEM ; Microvasculature ; Ultrastructure ; Absorption ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The aim of the present study was to provide a comprehensive morphological analysis of the porcine epididymis in view of the specific functions being performed in different regions of this organ. Blood supply and microvasculature of efferent ductules and epididymal duct were investigated by means of corrosion casts which were analysed macroscopically and by scanning electron microscopy. This revealed blood supply to the testis and epididymis to be closely related. The capillary pattern was typical for the efferent ductules, the caput, corpus, and distal cauda epididymidis, respectively. Corrosion casts were also used to visualize the course of the efferent ductules themselves. Tissue samples from different regions of the efferent ductules and epididymal duct were examined by light microscopy and both scanning and transmission electron microscopy, with special attention being payed to transitional areas. Morphological criteria allowed the distinction of three segments within the efferent ductules and of the initial segment, proximal caput, distal caput, corpus, proximal cauda, and distal cauda regions of the epididymal duct. Components of the endocytic apparatus of efferent ductule principal cells were identified by ferritin uptake. Ultrastructural evidence of absorption in the epididymal duct was particularly prominent in proximal and distal caput. Extensive cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum and a well-developed Golgi apparatus were indicative of active protein synthesis and secretion especially in the distal caput and corpus regions. However, assignment of various organelles in principal cells of the epididymal duct to either absorptive or secretory pathways still remains tentative. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 53 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070290603
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  • 6
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    Backscatter electron imaging of double immunogold labeled erythrocytes using two primary monoclonal IgM antibodies (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 28 (1994), S. 286-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: RBC ; SEM ; Colloidal gold ; Silver enhancement ; Double labeling ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The majority of mouse monoclonal antibodies reacting with blood group epitopes on erythrocytes are of the IgM class, have equal light chain type, and are available as culture supernatants only. To study the interrelationship of the blood group antigens, a method is presented which allows double labeling applying two unconjugated monoclonal antibodies of the same class and species. The method comprises two indirect, sequential labelings using mouse IgM anti-A and anti-H as primary antibodies and two goat anti-mouse IgM conjugated to 30 and 20 nm colloidal gold particles as secondary antibodies. After labeling for the first antigen, free binding sites on the primary antibody are blocked by incubation with an unconjugated goat anti-mouse antibody. The free anti-species on the secondary antibody, conjugated to 30 nm gold particles, are inactivated by silver enhancement. The silver enhancement also enlarges the gold particle for optimal discrimination between the two particle sizes, which are chosen accordingly. Semiquantitations of double labeled cells from subgroup A2 and A3 were found to be in good agreement with the counts of the corresponding single labelings as well as between experiments, irrespective of which of the two antibodies was applied in the first labeling sequence. The results were in accordance with a reciprocal but nonlinear relationship between the A and H antigens and suggest different affinities of the two antibodies for the epitopes in the subgroups investigated, indicating different biochemistry of the antigen determinants. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070280405
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
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    Copper/Solder intermetallic growth studies (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 25 (1993), S. 503-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Intermetallic compounds ; ESEM ; SEM ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Copper samples, hot solder (eutectic) dipped and thermally aged, were cross-sectioned and placed in an environmental scanning electronic microscope (ESEM). While in the ESEM the samples were heated for ∼ 2.5 h at 170°C to stimulate the growth of additional Cu/Sn intermetallic compound. The intent of the study was to obtain a continuous real-time videotape record of the diffusion process and compare the observations to static SEM images reported to represent long-term, naturally aged intermetallic growth. The video obtained allows the observation of the diffusion process and relativistic growth phenomena at the Cu, Cu3Sn, Cu6Sn5, and solder interfaces as well as effects on the bulk Cu and solder. Effects contrary to earlier reports were observed; for example, growth rates of Cu3Sn were found to greatly exceed those of Cu6Sn5. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070250522
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  • 8
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    Quantitative analysis and cartography in scanning electron microscopy: Application to the study of bacterial adhesion to respiratory epithelium (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 24 (1993), S. 527-536 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Image analysis ; Respiratory cells ; SEM ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: This paper describes the coupling between a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an image analysis workstation. The system was designed in order to drive the SEM and to analyse any sample. It allows automatic (edge detection) or semiautomatic (pointing, marking, drawing) object detection. Two types of data can be obtained: (1) topographical information, such as the location of the object within a region of interest drawn at any magnification of the microscope, or (2) quantitative data, such as morphometric characteristics of objects. In addition, high resolution maps of the section, regions of interest, and objects can be obtained with a laser printer. This software was first applied to quantitate the adhesion of the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa to human respiratory epithelial cells in culture. P. aeruginosa was shown associated with ciliated cells. The second application concerned the study of the distribution of specific carbohydrate residues at the surface of the respiratory cells. The gal residues were revealed using the lectin Ricinas communis agglutinin II, adsorbed to colloidal gold particles. A relationship between the presence of adherent bacteria and labelling was shown. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070240610
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
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    Ultrastructural imaging of freeze-fractured plant cells in the scanning electron microscope (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 22 (1992), S. 160-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Freeze-fracture and cytoplasmic maceration ; Chloroplasts ; Pollen ontogeny ; SEM ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The application of the freeze-fracture and cytoplasmic maceration technique in ultrastructural studies of plant cells is described. A major advantage of the technique is, that by extracting mobile cytoplasmic components from the freeze-fractured cells, surface relief is introduced and three-dimensional information is obtainable. The details of specimen preparation are described and the results obtained are reviewed. The use of chitosan embedding for very small or fragile specimens is described. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070220205
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  • 10
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    Atypical cells in the normal guinea pig organ of Corti as revealed by micromanipuiation in SEM (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 20 (1992), S. 288-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: SEM ; TEM ; Guinea pig ; Cochlea ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Inner ear tissue of the normal guinea pig was conductively stained (OTOTO-method) for SEM investigations. The Hensen's cells of the organ of Corti were removed using a micromanipulator inside the SEM. By this method atypical bodies of sensory and supporting cells were revealed in the apical turns of the cochlea. Atypical sensory cells showed great variations in size and shape. Several had no contact to Deiter's cells and no or only one nerve supply at their basal end. Atypical Deiter's cells showed alterations in shape and in the form of their phalangeal processes.Additionally altered parts of the organ of Corti were isolated by micromanipulation and embedded for correlative TEM-investigations.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070200309
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  • 11
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    Tridimensional ultrastructure of perfusion fixed gastrointestinal epithelial cells by high resolution scanning electron microscopy (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 18 (1991), S. 223-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: SEM ; Intestinal morphology ; Intracellular structure ; Mitochondria ; Cell membrane ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Improvements in the design of modern scanning electron microscopes (SEM) and new methods of specimen preparation incorporating chemical removal of the cytosol and cytoskeleton, now make it possible to view cells and their organelles in three dimensions (3D) at high magnification. In this experiment, high resolution SEM (HRSEM) utilizing new methods of tissue preparation was used to study the intracellular structures of the mouse ileum. In addition, in vivo intestinal perfusion was used to further enhance cellular preservation. Using these modifications it was possible to visualize, in 3D, the fine structure of intestinal epithelial cells and intracellular organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi complex, as well as microvilli and cell membrane. Whole mitochondria appeared as irregularly shaped organelles which contained tubular cristae. Plate-like cristae were not observed. The brush border was found to be a closely packed array of cylindrical projections. The extensive folding and structural intricacy of lateral cell membranes between absorptive cells could only be appreciated by viewing this tissue with 3D HRSEM. The use of HRSEM to study 3D ultrastructure of cells and their organelles will improve our understanding of the structure-function relationships in both the healthy and diseased gastrointestinal tract.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060180304
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  • 12
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    An alkali digestion method to expose connective tissue fibers: A scanning electron microscopy study of rat lung (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 19 (1991), S. 486-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Alveoli ; SEM ; Stereo pair images ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Alkali digestion has been used to remove cellular elements of tissues thus exposing the underlying connective tissue framework. We studied the action of this severe alkali treatment on the delicate tissues of rat lung. The lungs of male Sprague-Dawley rats were perfused with saline to remove blood and then inflated by fixation through the airways at 20 cm pressure. Sections of lung 2 × 5 × 5 mm were immersed in 2.5 M NaOH at 25°C for 6 h, 16 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. The alkali was changed daily. Tissues were washed to neutral with water (24 h), treated with tannic acid (1%, 3h), post-fixed with osmic acid (1%, 3 h) and processed for SEM. At 6 h, epithelial cells started to peel off the alveolar surface. At 16 h the digestion process was well advanced. At 48 h the cells were completely removed revealing the lattice network of connective tissue fibers within the alveolar surface. The method allows the complete removal of cellular elements of the lung while retaining the very fine 3D structure of the connective tissue matrix.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060190411
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  • 13
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    Scanning electron microscopy of nerve fibers in human fetal cochlea (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 15 (1990), S. 104-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Nerve fiber ; Afferent and efferent nerves ; Cochlea ; Fetal inner ear ; Human ear ; SEM ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The cochleas of four human fetuses ranging 22-25 weeks gestation were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for the purpose of obtaining a better understanding of the nerve fiber arrangement in the human ear. After critical point drying, the specimens were dissected and the floor of the tunnel of Corti and the outer wall of Nuel's space were exposed for observation. Upper cochlear turns, especially the apical turn, seemed to be still immature.Observed nerve fibers were classified into three types:1Spiral fibers: Fibers traveling basalward and following the shape of the cochlea were found in both the tunnel of Corti and Nuel's space and believed to be the afferent nerves responsible for innervating the outer hair cells2Radial fibers: radiating outward from the osseous spiral lamina - one such radial fiber transversing high in the tunnel space (supposedly the efferent nerve servicing the outer hair cells), and another sort of radial fiber (found crossing the tunnel floor), the nature of which was uncertain.3Irregular fibers: Consisting of thin, randomly running fibers within the cochlea. The destination of these fibers was not determined, but possibly they represent transitory nerve branchings of afferent or more probably efferent nerves, which would later regress during maturation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060150203
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  • 14
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    Observation of GaAs - AlxGa1  -  x as heterostructures and quantum-well-wire structures using backscattered electron image (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 12 (1989), S. 60-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: SEM ; Nondestructive observation ; Intermixing ; Fine pattern ; Focused ion beam ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: As a microscale tool for observing GaAs-Alx Ga1-xAs heterostructures, backscattered electron (BE) images in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) were compared with conventional secondary electron (SE) images. BE images were found to be more sensitive to compositional differences between GaAs and AlxGa1-xAs and less sensitive to surface roughness. BE images have a spatial resolution of 10 nm or better. This method enables the nondestructive observation of ultrafine lateral periodic structures, such as quantum-well-wire (QWW) structures, fabricated by compositional disordering technology using focused Ga ion-beam (Ga-FIB) implantation into GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs material.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060120108
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  • 15
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    Observation of microdiffraction patterns with a dedicated STEM instrument (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 11 (1989), S. 143-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Detector systems for microdiffraction ; STEM imaging ; Coherent diffraction effects ; Image reconstruction from diffraction patterns ; EELS ; SEM ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: A two-dimensional detector system, designed for the observation and recording of microdiffraction patterns formed in an HB 5 scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) is described and discussed. Possibilities are described and demonstrated for the simultaneous or successive recording of microdiffraction patterns from regions of diameter 3 å or more, bright- or dark-field STEM images, EELS spectra, secondary electron images, and in-line holograms. Applications of the system have been made to studies of catalyst particles, reflection-mode imaging of bulk surfaces, and image reconstruction from microdiffraction patterns obtained from each point of a STEM image.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060110209
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  • 16
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    Application of an ultrahigh-resolution scanning electron microscope (UHS-T1) to biological specimens (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 12 (1989), S. 146-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: SEM ; Intracellular structures ; Bacteriophage ; Ferritin ; IgG ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: In 1985 we developed an ultrahigh-resolution scanning electron microscope with a resolution of 0.5 nm. It is equipped with a field emission gun and an objective lens with a very short focal length. In this study we report a survey of some different preparation techniques and biological specimens using the new scanning electron microscope.Intracellular structures such as cell organelles were observed surprisingly sharper than those observed by ordinary scanning electron microscopes. However, at magnifications over 250,000 X, platinum particles could be discerned as scattered pebbles on the surface of all structures in coated materials. Using an uncoated but conductively stained specimen, we successfully observed ribosomes on a rough endoplasmic reticulum at a direct magnification of 1 million. In these images some protrusions were recognized on the ribosomes.Ferritin and immunoglobulin G were used as samples of biological macromolecules. These samples were observed without metal coating and conductive staining. The ferritin particles appeared as rounded bodies without any substructure on the surface and immunoglobulin G as complexes of three-unit bodies. In the latter the central body might correspond to the Fc fragment and two side ones to Fab fragments.We assume that ultrahigh-resolution scanning electron microscopy is an effective means for observation of the cell fine structures and biological macromolecules. It will open a new research field in biomedicine.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060120208
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  • 17
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    Comparison of Two Digestive Techniques for Preparation of Vascular Elastic Networks for SEM Observation (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 6 (1987), S. 335-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Digestive techniques ; Vascular elastic networks ; SEM ; Blood vessels ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Two digestion procedures are now available to expose and isolate networks of vascular elastic fibers for three-dimensional SEM observation. This study was designed to observe and elucidate the differences between the two types of digestion (sodium hydroxide vs. formic acid) and the differences between the two types of dehydration (ethanol-critical-point drying vs. freeze drying) used in each procedure. Canine venous valve segments, containing delicate networks of elastic fibers, and femoral arteries, containing large elastic lamellae, were used to compare the effects of the digestion and dehydration procedures on two types of vessels with different content and organization of elastic tissue. Results indicated there was no significant difference in the architecture of the elastic networks of either vessel based on the method of digestion. The major architectural changes in the elastic networks occurred as a result of the dehydration procedure used following digestion. Freeze drying is probably the best for arterial specimens due to their prominent lamellae, which give added support to maintain their normal architecture. It is suggested that both methods of dehydration be used on corresponding venous specimens containing delicate elastic networks. In this way, the investigator can benefit from the advantages of each method and overcome their respective disadvantages to get a more accurate picture of the three-dimensional architecture of these delicate networks.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060060404
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Steedman's polyester wax embedment and de-embedment for combined light and scanning electron microscopy (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 6 (1987), S. 35-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Technique ; SEM ; Histology ; Polyester wax ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Steedman's polyester wax mixture is a good, general-purpose histological embedding medium that is suitable and convenient to use when it is desirable to combine light microscopy with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A range of properties recommend this wax: it has a low melting temperature (37°C), is readily soluble in most dehydrating agents, results in negligible tissue shrinkage, preserves tissue antigenicity, and may even be used as a solvent for fixative agents. We prepare and embed tissues in polyester for light microscopy much as they would be for paraffin wax. For SEM, the block surface is micro- or ultraplaned, utilizing, respectively, a standard rotary microtome with razor blade knives or an ultramicrotome with glass knives. The block is de-waxed in absolute alcohol and then taken to critical point drying. Similarly, sections mounted on coverslips or glass slides may be brought to the SEM after removing the wax. This enables one to bring to the SEM relatively large block faces or sections with good control over orientation. We find the results to be superior to similar procedures employing paraffin. We believe it to be more versatile and equivalent or superior to a variety of other techniques designed to gain access to the interior of tissues with SEM.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060060106
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An application of rapid freezing, freeze substitution-fixation for scanning electron microscopy (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 2 (1985), S. 201-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: SEM ; Rapid freezing ; Osmium ; Dimethyl sulfoxide ; Intracellular structure ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: A combined technique of the rapid freezing, freeze substitution-fixation method and the osmium-DMSO-osmium method was devised. By this combined method we clearly observed the architecture of intracellular components in three dimensions. Morphological characteristics were generally similar to those of tissue prepared by the osmium-DMSO-osmium method but different in some respects. Mucigen droplets in intestinal goblet cells, for example, appeared as separated spheres, while in specimens prepared by chemical fixation they were observed as a mass of fused droplets. In the Golgi complex, all cisternae were extremely flat, although they usually dilated on the cis side after chemical fixation. Particles on the mitochondrial tubules of liver cells were well distinguished. They were mushroom shaped, as are those observed by negative staining. The combined method, that is, the rapid freezing, osmium-DMSO-osmium method, is thought to be effective for studying the true structure of intracellular components by scanning electron microscopy.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060020305
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