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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Convergence across industrialised countries (1890–1989): new results using time series methods (1999)
    Springer
    Empirical economics 24 (1999), S. 23-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-8921
    Keywords: Key words: Cointegration ; convergence ; growth ; Kalman filter ; JEL classifications: C22 ; O47 ; O57
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract. Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Kalman filter convergence tests are applied to annual GDPs per head to 16 industrialised countries from 1890 to 1989. Results favour convergence towards the US with a structural break following the Second World War. Estimates suggest that steady-states were higher after the war and that speeds of convergence are different across countries. The Kalman filter method dismissed the no convergence hypothesis more often than its ADF counterpart. This could explain the apparent contradiction in earlier empirical work on similar data sets (cross-section methods tended to favour convergence while time series methods were unable to dismiss the no convergence hypothesis.)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001810050042
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sources of Sectoral Growth in an Economy Wide Context: The Case of U.S. Agriculture (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of productivity analysis 8 (1997), S. 293-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0441
    Keywords: growth ; USagriculture ; externalities ; spill-overs ; public R and D
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Growth in U.S. agriculture is linked to the non-farm economy through domestic terms of trade and factor market adjustments. With almost stable input growth, the relatively large contributions from growth in Total Factor Productivity (TFP) are passed on to intermediate and final consumers in the form of declining real prices for primary farm products. The resulting net growth in the real value of farm output (GDP) is relatively low (0.25% per annum). The decomposition of TFP suggests that public agricultural stock of knowledge and infrastructure are “robustly” associated with TFP growth, while spill-overs from private agricultural and economy wide research and development (R and D) are positive but, relatively small.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007759705652
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fertility, growth and the financing of public education and health (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 9 (1996), S. 415-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: H42 ; J 13 ; O 11 ; Fertility ; growth ; public education and health
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper considers the implications of the financing of government services to children when fertility decisions are endogenously determined. In particular, it is shown that when the services are financed by taxation, the equilibrium outcome is biased away from the socially preferred result. The bias results in higher fertility rates and lower economic growth rates than the efficient social optimum. This arises because each household internalizes the benefits, but not the costs of the tax-financed services. We consider alternative methods of financing the public provision of services and find that a combination of taxation and vouchers can eliminate the bias in the equilibrium outcome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00573073
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immigration, assimilation and growth (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 11 (1998), S. 273-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: JEL classification: F22 ; O3 ; J61 ; Key words: Immigration ; assimilation ; growth ; diversity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. This paper analyzes the welfare effects of immigration and its subsequent effect on ethnic diversity in a model featuring human capital spillovers which depend on the degree of ethnic heterogeneity, variation rates of time preference across individuals and endogenous levels of immigration and assimilation. In the model, an increase in ethnic diversity reduces the spillovers effect for the majority. Nonetheless, immigration can be welfare improving for the majority ethnic group even if it increases the degree of diversity as long as it raises the average human capital level and/or growth rate by increasing the proportion of people with low rates of time preference. However, if an economy is too homogenous, it will not be able to attract immigrants. Finally, if the level of immigration is not too high, then immigration also raises the net benefits to assimilation which leads to a more homogenous economy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001480050069
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endogenous fertility, mortality and growth (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 11 (1998), S. 517-534 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: Key words: Fertility ; mortality ; growth ; JEL classification: J13 ; O41
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. Economic and demographic outcomes are determined jointly in a choice-theoretic model of fertility, mortality and capital accumulation. There is an endogenous population of reproductive agents who belong to dynastic families of overlapping generations connected through altruism. In addition to choosing savings and births, parents may reduce (infant) deaths by incurring expenditures on health-care which is also provided by the government. A generalised production technology accounts for long-run endogenous growth with short-run transitional dynamics. The analysis yields testable time series and cross-section implications which accord with the empirical evidence on the relationship between demography and development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001480050082
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fertility, growth and the financing of public education and health (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 9 (1996), S. 415-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: Key words: Fertility ; growth ; public education and health
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. This paper considers the implications of the financing of government services to children when fertility decisions are endogenously determined. In particular, it is shown that when the services are financed by taxation, the equilibrium outcome is biased away from the socially preferred result. The bias results in higher fertility rates and lower economic growth rates than the efficient social optimum. This arises because each household internalizes the benefits, but not the costs of the tax-financed services. We consider alternative methods of financing the public provision of services and find that a combination of taxation and vouchers can eliminate the bias in the equilibrium outcome. JEL classification: H42, J13, O11
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00573073
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Democracy and growth (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of economic growth 1 (1996), S. 1-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7020
    Keywords: growth ; democracy ; freedom ; rule of law ; O40 ; O57
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Growth and democracy (subjective indexes of political freedom) are analyzed for a panel of about 100 countries from 1960 to 1990. The favorable effects on growth include maintenance of the rule of law, free markets, small government consumption, and high human capital. Once these kinds of variables and the initial level of real per capita GDP are held constant, the overall effect of democracy on growth is weakly negative. There is a suggestion of a nonlinear relationship in which more democracy enhances growth at low levels of political freedom but depresses growth when a moderate level of freedom has already been attained. Improvements in the standard of living—measured by GDP, health status, and education—substantially raise the probability that political freedoms will grow. These results allow for predictions about which countries will become more or less democratic over time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00163340
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth, income distribution, and democracy: What the data say (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of economic growth 1 (1996), S. 149-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7020
    Keywords: income distribution ; growth ; fertility ; political instability ; O1 ; H5
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper investigates the relationship between income distribution, democratic institutions, and growth. It does so by addressing three main issues: the properties and reliability of the income distribution data, the robustness of the reduced form relationships between income distribution and growth estimated so far, and the specific channels through which income distribution affects growth. The main conclusion in this regard is that there is strong empirical support for two types of explanations, linking income distribution to sociopolitical instability and to the education/fertility decision. A third channel, based on the interplay of borrowing constraints and investment in human capital, also seems to receive some support by the data, although it is probably the hardest to test with the existing data. By contrast, there appears to be less empirical support for explanations based on the effects of income distribution on fiscal policy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00138861
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Imperfect competition and capital accumulation: the role of price normalization (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of economics 63 (1996), S. 279-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-7134
    Keywords: general equilibrium ; imperfect competition ; growth ; price normalization ; D43 ; D51 ; O41
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract We consider a capital-accumulation model with infinitely lived households and two production sectors. The intermediate-good sector is characterized by perfect competition, a constant-returns-to-scale technology, and production externalities. The final-good sector is a monopoly operating under constant returns to scale. We analyze the general equilibrium in the sense of Gabszewicz and Vial [Journal of Economic Theory (1972) 4: 381–400] for this economy and different price-normalization rules. It is shown that the qualitative behavior of the equilibrium paths depends crucially on the chosen normalization rule. In particular, whether equilibria are monotonic or oscillating and whether indeterminacy occurs or not may depend on the choice of the numeraire.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01227437
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The spirit of capitalism, social status, money, and accumulation (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of economics 68 (1998), S. 219-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-7134
    Keywords: spirit of capitalism ; social status ; money ; growth ; E1 ; E31 ; O42
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper demonstrates the unambiguous existence of the Tobin portfolio-shift effect in the wealth-is-status and the spirit-of-capitalism models of growth. Namely, higher inflation leads to higher capital stock in the long run, and inflation increases the endogenous-growth rate of the economy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01237193
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