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  • Articles  (80)
  • barley  (79)
  • Animals
  • Chemistry
  • 1995-1999  (80)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (80)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of digested sewage sludge on the efficiency of N-fertilizer applied to barley (1997)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 48 (1997), S. 241-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: barley ; denitrification ; fertilizerefficiency ; mineralization ; nitrogen ; sludge
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Enhanced microbial activity following sewage sludge land application may affect soil N cycling and, therefore, plant available N. We studied the effect of anaerobically treated sewage sludge on N-fertilizer efficiency and on some aspects of the soil N cycling. Field plots (3 m × 9 m) sown with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in November were amended with a) sludge (80 mg ha-1) and ammonium nitrate (150 kg N ha-1), b) ammonium nitrate (150 kg ha-1) only, c) or left unamended. Monthly soil samples were taken from 0 to 20-and 20 to 50-cm depths to determine soil inorganic N (NH4 +, NO3-). Denitrification in the upper 20-cm horizon was estimated by measuring N2O+N2 emission from undisturbed soil samples by the acetylene-inhibition technique. Crop yield parameters were analysed before harvesting, and grain production was recorded. With respect to the control, the yield increase for the N-fertilizer treatment was 85% and 45% for the sludge + N-fertilizer treatment. The decrease of N-fertilizer efficiency in sludge amended plots was presumably due to a decrease in spring plant available N. Presumably, microbial immobilisation and denitrification in organic amended treatments were responsible for the decrease in N-fertilizer efficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009798509654
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Barley tissue as direct template for PCR: a practical breeding tool (1996)
    Springer
    Molecular breeding 2 (1996), S. 181-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9788
    Keywords: barley ; breeding ; Hordeum vulgare ; polymerase chain reaction ; tissue
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A method for using alkali treated intact plant tissue as a DNA source for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was applied to barley. This method saves up to two days and more than USD 50 per 40 samples by eliminating the need for DNA extraction to produce template for PCR. The conditions were optimized for various barley tissues. Fresh leaves, freeze-dried leaves, and anthers worked well as templates while root, embryo, and endosperm tissues did not. The method was shown to work with several genotypes and different primers. The resulting PCR product could be cut with restriction enzyme to produce clear polymorphism without any interference. This method can be a practical breeding tool by providing a fast, inexpensive method for screening large populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00441433
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of a QTL decreasing yield in barley linked to Mlo powdery mildew resistance (1998)
    Springer
    Molecular breeding 4 (1998), S. 381-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9788
    Keywords: barley ; QTLs ; SSRs ; yield ; Mlo mildew resistance ; introgression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A molecular marker map, including Mlo mildew resistance, of the spring barley cross Derkado (Mlo-resistant) × B83-12/21/5 (Mlo-susceptible) was scanned for yield QTLs to determine whether the association of Mlo resistance with reduced yield was due to linkage or pleiotropy. Over the mapped portion of the genome of the cross, the QTL with the greatest effect upon yield was located within a 22 cM region between mlo and the simple sequence repeat HVM67 on chromosome 4(4H). The association of Mlo resistance with lower yield was therefore due to a repulsion linkage. Analysis of yield component characters revealed QTL alleles for reduced grain number and earlier heading date in the same region, also associated with Mlo resistance. Genotyping of a range of cultivars and sources of Mlo resistance with the HVM67 simple sequence repeat showed that the Derkado HVM67 allele was rare as it was found only in one other cultivar and four land-races or sources of disease resistance. Grannenlose Zweizeilige, the source, and Salome, the carrier of Mlo resistance in Derkado, have the same HVM67 genotype, although Salome was a mixture of two genotypes. The entire mlo-HVM67 chromosomal segment from Grannenlose Zweizeilige is therefore thought to have been transmitted to Derkado, possibly through joint selection for Mlo resistance and early heading. L92, synonym EP79, was another source of Mlo resistance with the same HVM67 allele as Derkado but recombination must have occurred during the breeding of Atem as it possesses a different HVM67 allele which is present in all the other Mlo sources and cultivars surveyed. Abbreviations: GN, grains per main stem ear; HD, heading date; MSTGW, thousand grain weight derived from GN and MSY; MSY, yield of grain on the main stem; PY, yield of grain from the whole plot; sCIM, simplified compound interval mapping; SIM, simple interval mapping; SPY, single plant yield; S-SAP, sequence-specific amplification polymorphism; TGW, thousand grain weight derived from bulk of plot seed; TN, number of fertile stems per plant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009646115967
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Using molecular markers to determine barleys most suitable for malt whisky distilling (1999)
    Springer
    Molecular breeding 5 (1999), S. 103-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9788
    Keywords: barley ; ethyl carbamate ; fermentability ; molecular markers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Two barley quality characters of specific interest to whisky distillers are fermentability and production of the ethyl carbamate precursor, epi-heterodendrin. The former is a quantitative trait, while the latter may be determined by a single Mendelian genetic factor. Molecular markers have been used to map, to barley chromosome 5(1H), the locus responsible for epi-heterodendrin synthesis and the inheritance of this character and a closely linked microsatellite have been followed through the pedigrees of several contemporary cultivars. Six loci, which affected fermentability in random inbred lines from a barley cross, have been mapped to chromosomes 2(2H), 3(3H) and 7(5H). This would permit the use of molecular markers in a breeding programme, to select barleys best suited for distilling. In addition, one of the loci related to fermentability mapped to an area of the genome indicated, by a previous study, to affect the activity of β-amylase, a character likely to influence fermentability. Molecular markers may, therefore, be powerful tools in exploring the contribution and detecting the mode of action of the genetical components influencing malt whisky distilling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009606705925
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of AFLPs to examine genetic relatedness in barley (1997)
    Springer
    Molecular breeding 3 (1997), S. 359-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9788
    Keywords: AFLPs ; barley ; genetic diversity ; kinship
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The generation of AFLPs in spring barley cultivars provided genetic information relating to the development of the crop in the UK since 1953. Principal co-ordinate (PCO) analysis of genetic similarities (gs) confirmed the marked contrast in the cultivars used in the 1970s and 1980s. The earliest cultivars, many derived from Proctor, were succeeded by tall-strawed, disease-resistant types with high yield but poor malting potential. In the 1980s they were in turn replaced by short-strawed cultivars with excellent yield and good malting quality, which originated from Triumph. A PCO plot of gs provided insight into the effects of selection for disease resistance and the antagonism between malting quality and particular resistance genes. The analysis of gs was more useful than pedigrees and estimates of kinship in revealing the genetic relationship between cultivars. Theoretical considerations for maximising the efficiency of an AFLP genotyping programme are discussed in the context of the number of primer pairs required to distinguish genotypes at varying levels of similarity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009602321815
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aluminium/silicon interactions in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings (1995)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 173 (1995), S. 89-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: aluminium ; barley ; higher plant ; silicon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The response of seedlings of the monocot Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Bronze to 0,25 and 50 μM aluminium in factorial combination with 0, 1.4, 2.0 and 2.8 mM Si was tested in hydroponic culture at pH 4.5. Nutrient solution (500 μM calcium nitrate) and Al/Si treatments were designed to avoid the precipitation of Al from solution. Silicon treatments gave significant amelioration of the toxic effects of Al on root and shoot growth and restored calcium levels in roots and shoots at harvest to levels approaching those of control plants. Aluminium uptake by roots was also significantly diminished in the presence of Si. Silicon alone gave a slight stimulation of growth, insufficient to explain its ameliorative effect on Al toxicity. The mechanism of the Si effect on Al toxicity in monocotyledons awaits further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00155521
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Utilization of organic phosphorus in calcium chloride extracts of soil by barley plants and hydrolysis by acid and alkaline phosphatases (1996)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 178 (1996), S. 179-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: barley ; Hordeum vulgare ; microbial biomass P ; phosphatases ; soil solution P
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Organic phosphorus is often a major part of total phosphorus in soil solution. The role of this fraction as a P source for plants and the mechanism involved in its transfer from soil to plant is still unclear. We studied the utilization of organic phospharus in 0.01 M calcium chloride extracts by barley and its hydrolysis by isolated acid and alkaline phosphatases. Calcium chloride extracts were used as a nutrient solution in 24 hrs assays. Concentration of organic and inorganic P in equilibrium calcium chloride extracts was 7.8 and 1.8 µmol P L-1, respectively, which was similar to the soil solution P concentration. When soil microbial biomass was destroyed by autoclaving, organic P concentration increased to 64.8 µmol P L-1 whereas the inorganic P was hardly changed. Inoculation of the autoclaved soil with non-sterile soil and incubation for 5 days decreased the organic P concentration to 27.9 µmol P L-1 but did not change inorganic P. In this study barley plants utilized organic P from all extracts. The greatest reduction of organic P concentration occurred in fresh extracts of the autoclaved soil. Inorganic P was depleted to traces in all extracts. Organic P was hydrolyzed by isolated acid and alkaline phosphatases. We conclude that organic P in soil solution is a heterogeneous pool of organic P compounds originating from microbial biomass. Its initial availability to plants was nigh but its susceptibility to phosphatase hydrolysis was quickly reduced but not completely lost.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011581
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plant protection and rhizosphere colonization of barley by seed inoculated herbicide degrading Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) cepacia DBO1(pRO101) in 2,4-D contaminated soil (1997)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 189 (1997), S. 139-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: barley ; herbicide ; plant growth promoting rhizobacteria ; Pseudomonades ; seed inoculation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) degrading bacterium, Burkholderia cepacia (formerly Pseudomonas cepacia) DBO1(pRO101) was coated on non-sterile barley (Hordeum vulgare) seeds, which were planted in two non-sterile soils amended with varying amounts of 2,4-D herbicide. In the presence of 10 or 100 mg 2,4-D per kg soil B. cepacia DBO1(pRO101) readily colonized the root at densities up to 107 CFU per cm root. In soil without 2,4-D the bacterium showed weak root colonization. The seeds coated with B. cepacia DBO1(pRO101) were able to germinate and grow in soils containing 10 or 100 mg kg−1 2,4-D, while non-coated seeds either did not germinate or quickly withered after germination. The results suggest that colonization of the plant roots by the herbicide-degrading B. cepacia DBO1(pRO101) can protect the plant by degradation of the herbicide in the rhizosphere soil. The study shows that the ability to degrade certain pesticides should be considered, when searching for potential plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. The role of root colonization by xenobiotic degrading bacteria is further discussed in relation to bioremediation of contaminated soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004296615446
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Field screening of barley cultivars to soil salinity using a sprinkler and a drip irrigation system (1997)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 197 (1997), S. 105-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: barley ; drip irrigation ; leaf ion concentration ; salinity tolerance ; triple line sourcesprinkler irrigation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The establishment of proper agronomical practices and plant breeding programs for saline environments is limited by the lack of adequate field screening methods. We assessed the relationships between leaf ion concentration and grain yield in a set of barley cultivars and compared their ranking for salinity tolerance established with a triple-line-source (TLS) sprinkler system, where the absorption of salts is through the leaves and the roots, with that obtained with a drip-irrigation (DI) system, where the absorption of salts is only through the roots. The saline solution in both systems was made up of sodium and hydrated calcium chloride (1:1 w/w). Except for the highest saline treatments, direct leaf absorption of toxic Na+ and Cl- was minor or negligible, but it was substantial for Ca2+. Irrespective of barley cultivar and leaf age, the accumulation of Cl- in the TLS was 1.5–2.5 times greater than Na+. There was no significant correlation between grain yield and leaf sap ion concentration among eighteen barley cultivars. Thus, leaf ion concentrations should not be used as screening tools in breeding programs for increasing salinity tolerance in barley. The highest-yielding cultivars under non-saline conditions were also most productive under moderately saline conditions, though not under high-saline conditions. Although grain yields of the eighteen barley cultivars in the TLS were substantially lower than in the DI, the salinity tolerances estimated in both systems were significantly correlated (P 〈 0.05), indicating that the simple and inexpensive TLS irrigation system could be successfully used in screening for salinity tolerance in barley.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004240622652
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Importance of soil-water relations in assessing the endpoint of bioremediated soils (1997)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 192 (1997), S. 219-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: barley ; bioremediation ; hydrocarbon ; hydrocarbon contamination ; plant growth ; soil contamination ; soil water ; soil water properties ; water repellency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Much effort has been focused on defining the end-point of bioremediated soils by chemical analysis toxicity tests. However, these tests do not assess the quality, or the capability, of soil to support plant growth after bioremediation. We studied the response of plants to hydrocarbon contaminants by camparing barley (Hordeum vulgare) growth on: (i) control soil, agricultural topsoil, (ii) oil-contaminated soil (40,000 mg kg−1 total extractable hydrocarbons, or TEH), and (iii) oil-contaminated soil treated by bioremediation (20,000 mg kg−1 TEH). Barley growth and yield was significantly reduced by oil-contamination. Bioremediation did not improve yield of barley and shoot dry mass was slightly reduced after bioremediation. The lack of effect from bioremediation is attributed to poor soil water sorption, which was negatively influenced by hydrocarbon residuals. We concluded that the soil-water relation is one of the most important factors in assessing endpoint of bioremediated soils for plant growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004280626976
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