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  • Articles  (1,398)
  • Elsevier  (1,183)
  • Emerald  (215)
  • Molecular Diversity Preservation International
  • Oxford University Press
  • 1995-1999  (1,398)
  • Sociology  (1,398)
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  • Articles  (1,398)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A further exploration into information systems development: the evolution of Multiview2 (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 11 (1998), S. 124-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Multiview was defined in 1985 and has been since refined to become an influential approach to information systems development. It has soft and hard aspects and, as a contingency approach, is not prescriptive but adapted to the particular situation in the organization and the application. Observations and reflections on Multiview in action over the last ten years together with more recent literature based on, for example, holism, emergence, multi-causality, ethical analysis and technology foresight, form the basis for a new definition of Multiview. Changes in the domain of information systems are also taken into account. Away from centralized technology, long lead times and hierarchical organizations, towards networks, new organizational forms, business processes, informational products and services, and the removal of time and space constraints on human activity. This paper underlines the need for IS researchers to learn about methodologies as they are used in practice (rather than as described in text books) and for methodologies to evolve in response to changes in the domain in which they are applied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849810218319
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Power, influence and intranet implementation: A safari of South African organizations (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 12 (1999), S. 333-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Intranets hold great promise as "organizational Internets" to allow information sharing and collaboration across departments, functions and different information systems within an organization. Yet not much is known about how to implement intranets. We adapt a taxonomy based on institutional theory and distinguish six broad diffusion drivers that might be considered to sustain the implementation process. An exploratory field study of four intranet implementations was conducted to analyze which drivers were used and the results that were yielded. We draw several conclusions. First, all six drivers were deployed in the analyzed cases. Second, the choice of drivers varied with the level of the intranet (corporate or unit), the implementation stage, and existing organizational practices and contingencies. Third, it seems that the critical drivers are knowledge building, subsidy and mobilization in the early stages of implementation. In the later stages knowledge deployment, subsidy and innovation directives were most commonly used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849910301630
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The information systems balancing act: building partnerships and infrastructure (1996)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 9 (1996), S. 49-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Describes how IS (information systems) units are currently applying balancing mechanisms to help them address the limitations of organizational structure. IS units require organizational structures that both facilitate partnerships with business unit clients and enable tight co-ordination of computing platforms to strengthen the technology infrastructure. For years, IS executives have recognized that the structure that best supports each objective is counterproductive for the other objective. Thus, they have periodically undertaken major restructuring, which has the effect of alternating between the objectives rather than addressing them simultaneously. Today's IS executives, however, are increasingly attempting to achieve partnership and infrastructure development simultaneously by implementing balancing mechanisms: structural overlays and process enhancements that leverage the strengths of an existing organizational structure while compensating for its limitations. Balancing mechanisms enable the IS function to work towards those dual IS management goals simultaneously, as well as to respond more quickly to today's competitive environment. Also describes individual balancing mechanisms used in Fortune 500 firms and a strategy for implementing suites of mechanisms to achieve IS management goals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849610111571
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The importance of organisational issues in systems development (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 11 (1998), S. 104-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: A survey of senior and influential IT managers explored the related questions of why some senior IT professionals perceive organisational issues to be more important than technical issues, and whether this has a concomitant impact on the treatment of organisational issues. An overall response rate of 63 per cent was achieved from a combined survey of two distinct groups. The results show that there are significant differences in managers' perceptions about the importance of organisational issues which can, to some extent, be explained in terms of organisational size, and to a lesser extent by the favoured development approach. However, these differences in perception appear to have no identifiable relation to the significant differences in the approaches adopted for treating organisational issues. It is suggested that this is due to the difficulties in treating such issues and further research to resolve these difficulties is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849810218300
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Waves of change in adopting the Internet: Lessons from four Latin American countries (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 11 (1998), S. 235-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: The popularity and explosive growth of the Internet during the past few years have convinced many countries to take a closer look at its potential for aiding economic development. The existing literature presents an aggregate story of success, but the ways in which different countries are adopting these new technologies have received little critical attention. This empirical study of four Latin American countries - Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador and Peru - delineates a five-phase development process during which each country sustained the momentum of its evolving strategy, grew in competence to forge technological solutions, and gained access to the Internet. The four countries' original goals changed over time, but through experience they perceived new opportunities and established evolving Internet strategies that form the bases of new technological services provided at the national level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849810228039
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyberspace and Heidegger's pragmatics (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 11 (1998), S. 338-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: This article focuses on some of the implications of Heidegger's pragmatism for information technology analysis and critique. I survey Heidegger's transformation of Enlightenment notions such as identity, proximity, community, disembodiment, pattern, representation and utopia to the phenomenological concepts of Dasein, care, being-with, corporality, praxis, disclosure and the not-yet. Each of these concepts return us to the issue of practice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849810246147
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The office tyrant - social control through e-mail (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 12 (1999), S. 27-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: The changing role of technology in the virtual workplace has been accompanied by a proliferation of research activity focusing initially on the technical aspects and, more recently, on the social and political aspects of the diffusion process, including power and politics. This paper builds on the work of Kling and Markus on power and politics in IT, extending it to e-mail and more specifically, to the use of e-mail for petty tyranny. Reviews the literature on petty tyranny and its implications to IT and e-mail. Presents a case study in which e-mail was used by a department chair to manipulate, control, and coerce employees. The discussion links the events in the case with the literature on petty tyranny. In conclusion, demonstrates that e-mail features make it amenable to political abuse and elaborates on the more general, theoretical, practical and ethical implications from this research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849910250510
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toward a framework for action research in information systems studies (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 12 (1999), S. 148-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Based on recent reviews regarding its use in information systems (IS) studies, this paper argues that action research is still not well recognized by IS researchers and mainstream IS journals especially in North America. To make the situation worse, existing criteria used to assess the quality of action research studies are found to be inadequate when applied to IS. In order to advance its understanding and use by IS researchers and practitioners, the IS action research framework proposed recently by Lau is refined and presented as a set of guidelines in this paper. The implications of this refined framework on IS research and practice are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849910267206
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The moving staircase - Problems of appraisal and evaluation in a turbulent environment (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 12 (1999), S. 238-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: This paper considers the problems of evaluating the benefits of an investment in information technology and systems against a background of institutional change. It is based on a case study in the National Health Service and follows the progress of a project to introduce benefits realisation in NHS Trusts. The case illustrates the importance of personal, hands-on attention to benefits management and calls attention to the different contingencies faced by managers in attempting to introduce evaluation or benefits realisation schemes. It concludes that, where managers face "certain" contingencies, formative evaluation will be beneficial, but where the contingencies are uncertain, structural changes in the organisation may be more effective in achieving benefits. The paper ends with a plea for evaluation activities to be re-integrated into their organisational context.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849910278196
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Patterns of improvisation for evidence-based practice in clinical settings (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 12 (1999), S. 287-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: This paper describes our experiences from a two-year research study to introduce evidence-based practice (EBP) through a set of electronic information tools into two Canadian health regions. The improvisational model of technological change by Orlikowski and Hofman (1997) is used to provide the conceptual foundations for understanding the pattern of evolution associated with the tools observed in these two settings over time. Key areas to consider when changing practice identified from this study are time availability, intended use, adequate training, clinical champions, work practice fit, system refinement, around-the-clock support and environment influence. Health organizations should also distinguish anticipated, emergent and opportunistic changes and improvise accordingly when introducing EBP information tools in a setting that is characteristically complex, dynamic and unpredictable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849910278547
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EC of groceries for elderly and disabled: A comparison of alternative service models (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 12 (1999), S. 389-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Increased demand for organized home help for elderly and disabled people and parallel budget cuts of social care require new efficient solutions to save home-helpers' time and ensure the current quality of provided services. A number of trials for renewing grocery purchasing process as a part of home help for the elderly and disabled have lately been initiated in Finland. In all but one of these trials electronic commerce (EC) services are included in the purchase process. In this article we compare these trials using the time efficiency of home-helpers as a primary criterion. Using electronic order delivery gives even additional benefits, releasing the home-helper from the need to visit the grocery store. The Full EC Model would be the best solution. However, it might not be feasible for most customers, who do not necessarily have the technology or ability to use it. Therefore, the intermediary based EC seems to be most suitable for this customer group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849910301649
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conversational effectiveness in multimedia communications (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 8 (1995), S. 54-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Oregon Graduate Institute reports a laboratory experiment thatcompared three different communications modalities (face-to-face,audio-only, and audio and video) across two co-operative tasks, whichcan be characterized as visual and non-visual. In each task,effectiveness varied as a significant function of modality. However, thedirections of these functions were opposite. That is, for the visualtask conversants were more effective in the face-to-face and audio andvideo modalities than in the audio-only modality; for the non-visualtask, conversants were more effective in the audio-only modality than inthe face-to-face modality. Additional analysis of the non-visual taskssuggests that modality affects the extent to which asymmetry ofknowledge results in asymmetry of influence between conversants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849510081602
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An analysis of the cultural motivations for transborder data flow legislation (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 8 (1995), S. 37-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Transborder data flow legislation (TDFL) has recently emerged as animportant issue for IS professionals. Transborder data flow (TDF) is themovement of computer readable data across national boundaries. Manycountries have enacted legislation barring this free flow ofinformation, citing a concern for the privacy of citizens as the primarymotivation. The need for privacy is the reflection of a society'scultural attributes. A framework is developed for exploratory analysisof the cultural motivations for data protection legislation. Based onHofstede's research, establishes a relationship between certainattributes of culture and nations that have adopted/proposed TDFL. Usingthis relationship, discusses the reasons for which other nations havenot adopted/ proposed TDFL.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849510087994
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Information systems and anthropology: and anthropological perspective on IT and organizational culture (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 8 (1995), S. 43-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Considers the potential role of anthropology as a source disciplinefor information systems. Although anthropology has been largelyneglected in the IS research literature, it is argued that importantinsights can be gained by adopting an anthropological perspective oninformation systems phenomena. Illustrates the value of ananthropological perspective by looking at the relationship betweeninformation technology and organizational culture. Shows that theconcept of culture has generally been used rather narrowly in the ISliterature, and argues that a more critical, anthropological view of therelationship between IT and organizational culture is required.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849510098262
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The application of total quality management to software development (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 8 (1995), S. 35-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Quality is an important issue for software development. Totalquality management (TQM) has been suggested as a solution to softwarequality problems. The key elements of TQM as it has evolved over thelast ten years are identified and examined in relation to softwaredevelopment. Discusses some of the adaptations to TQM needed to addressthe specific nature of software quality. Concludes that TQM can providea framework to integrate many of the current approaches to softwarequality, resulting in technically correct systems which solve customers'business problems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849510105227
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reflecting over a practice: Framing issues for scholar understanding (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 8 (1995), S. 3-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Explores the possibilities of basing scientific investigation onthe practical experiences gained by the author when he participated inthe development of the Student Information System of a Finnishuniversity. The practical process which lasted over a decade containedseveral theoretically interesting issues which could be formulated asmeaningful research problems. They concerned the design of acts, theevaluation of the outcomes of the various phases of the process, and theformulation of the experience to models which could be transferred toother contexts. The overall analysis method is reflection-in-action inthe form suggested by Donald Schön. Each practical problem isparaphrased through reflection-in-action which yields a theoreticalunderstanding of the phenomenon at hand. This frames the situation; theframing is necessary for the solution that is to be designed. Indicatesthat reflection-in-action can yield research results just as valid asother types of organizational studies. It is not superior to otherpossible approaches such as action research or organizationalethnography, but the threats to its quality, like the danger ofpartiality and revisionism of the investigator involved, are compensatedfor because the researcher has excellent access to the targetorganization and even confidential data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849510105029
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Do women and men communicate differently at work? An empirical study in Hong Kong (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 13 (1998), S. 3-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Some studies, mainly in the West, have suggested that women are more encouraging in their communication styles than men, especially when the conversation is about a personal matter versus when it is business-related. It has also been contended that same-sex communication between women is more supportive than both mixed-sex communication and same-sex communication between men. However, this research, conducted in Hong Kong among full- and part-time tertiary students, shows that the above contentions are perhaps culture dependent, and that careful re-examination of gender-based differences is warranted, particularly when one is considering communication styles at work.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429810369587
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Women in management: a Malaysian perspective (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 13 (1998), S. 11-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Surveys of women in management postitions in the USA and elsewhere have indicated a notion of masculine managerial model of "organizational man". Malaysia presents an interesting case study on attitudes towards women managers because it is a society undergoing rapid changes from its strong traditional religious and cultural norms to modern values about women. This study focuses on the perceptions of Malaysian men and women executives about the female managers in corporate Malaysia. Specifically, the study examines the organizational environment for women managers in Malaysia, how men and women at different ranks feel about women's advancement in the organization, the differences in the leadership styles of men and women managers and their effectiveness in achieving organizational goals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429810369596
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Should we teach women to interrupt? Cultural variables in management communication courses (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 13 (1998), S. 37-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: The "universal" principles of effective communication taught in most management communication courses - directness, simplicity, forcefulness - are, from an inter-cultural perspective, American and male. Should women students of business be taught to imitate the speech behaviour stereotypically associated with American businessmen? Or is the behaviour stereotypically associated with women equally, or even more, effective in business situations? Because there is little research to support the masculine model of business speech, because coercing women to change their speech produces pedagogically unwarranted stress, and because the feminine stereotype is actually better suited to global business communication, this paper argues that business and management communication should be taught from a gender-independent postmodern approach.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429810203670
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hours spent on household tasks by business school graduates (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 13 (1998), S. 105-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: It has been suggested that household and family responsibilities may adversely impact the career success achieved by women. This paper examines the number of hours spent weekly on household tasks by male and female business school graduates. Analysis of variance and multiple regression revealed that the presence of children increases the number of hours spent on household tasks by all graduates, but the effect is most pronounced for female graduates. The presence of children adds from three to ten hours per week to the workload of male graduates and from ten to 20 hours per week to the workload of female graduates. Effective organizational initiatives and changes in expectations within families and society are needed so that graduates of business schools, particularly women, can accommodate the careers for which they have been educated as well as their household responsibilities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429810215848
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
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    British South Asian women managers and professionals: experiences of work and family (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 13 (1998), S. 221-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Even though an increasing number of British South Asian women have moved into paid employment over the years as a reflection of social and cultural mobility and change, their work-family experiences are not widely reported. This paper examines the experiences of British South Asian full-time managerial or professional women combining work and family life. A qualitative study based in the north-west of England was conducted utilising semi-structured interviews with 17 women. Five themes are discussed: cultural influences on domestic responsibilities; additional responsibilities and commitments to extended family and community members; work-family priorities and "superwoman syndrome"; stereotypes of roles and responsibilities at work; and experiences of discrimination. Managerial or professional British South Asian women are subjected to the same cultural family commitments and expectations as other non-professional British South Asian working women. Practical implications of the findings are related to managing diversity approaches and organisational culture change.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429810232173
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  • 22
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    Managing the technology but not the organization: women and career in engineering (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 13 (1998), S. 283-290 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: This paper focuses on gender and technology in the organization. It considers some of the difficulties experienced by women building careers as professional engineers in a high technology industrial organization in England. Using career history data from 15 women engineers, the paper examines the experience of gender in the organization and the attempts by the women to manage gender relations. The paper argues that the difficulties were not associated with the culture of engineering work itself: the women could manage the technology. The problems lay rather in the organization itself. The gendered expectations and processes within the organization constituted the real dilemma for women's careers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429810243144
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  • 23
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    Career attainment for women and minorities: the interactive effects of age, gender and race (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 14 (1999), S. 4-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: This study examined the career attainment of managerial women and minorities in an internal labor market. The interactive effects of age, gender, and race were examined on the career attainment levels of women, African-Americans, Asian-Americans and Hispanics. A sample of 7,084 US managers was studied; 3,456 women and minority managers were compared to 3,628 white male managers who entered the firm in the same year and in the same department. Consistent with previous research, women and minorities experienced lower career attainment than white males in this sample. Results suggest that minority women do not experience the "double jeopardy" associated with belonging to two classes of protected characteristics; nor the "triple jeopardy" of age, race and gender.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429910255447
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  • 24
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    An exploration of the current under-representation of senior women managers in Australian universities (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 13 (1998), S. 291-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: More than a decade after Australian universities first responded to the requirements of the EEO/AA legislative framework, women remain marginalised and seriously under- represented in Australian universities. This paper provides a snapshot of the current status of women's participation in the senior levels of universities and examines some of the reasons why universities are still providing a "chilly climate" for women and other minority actors. It is argued that Australian universities can no longer afford to frustrate, alienate and marginalise some of their most creative organisational actors when they are facing a new era of rapid change and competition.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429810243180
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  • 25
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    Women senior managers and conditional power: the case in Social Services Departments (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 14 (1999), S. 316-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: This article is drawn from a research project which explored the under-representation of women in the management of social services departments in the late 1980s. The theme explored here is a subset of that particular research. It focuses on the way in which women spoke about their roles, the power associated with them, and about their experiences in occupying them. The author considers the nature of women's experiences of occupying positions which in terms of their hierarchical location would be considered "powerful" and argues that women as senior managers present a challenge both to the occupational status of management and to the structures of power in a patriarchal society. It is argued that these challenges are minimised, not only by excluding women from management roles, but also by denying them the legitimate authority which would be expected to be associated with their role.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429910301689
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    Women Chartered Accountants - progressing in the right direction? (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 10 (1995), S. 5-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Increasing numbers of women are entering Chartered Accountancy.Focuses on the Scottish perspective exploring recruitment, examinationperformance and career progress. No discernable gender differences werefound in recruitment and early career structure, although women doperform better in the examination process. However, at senior managerand particularly partner levels differences do arise. Examines by way ofa case-study approach, interviewing all the women partners in the"big six" Scottish offices, why so few reach the top. Alsoanalyses their personal profiles in an attempt to construct role modelsfor women who aspire to this level. Women choose to opt out of the top,prioritizing and balancing their lifestyles in a different manner tomen. The barrier is there-fore one of choice, although some form ofdiscrimination was mentioned by two-thirds of the women. Theobservations within the six firms were also different, suggesting thatvarying attitudes had been experienced.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429510077430
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    Affirmative action in Australia - employment statistics can't tell the whole story (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 10 (1995), S. 26-34 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: The Affirmative Action (Equal Employment Opportunity for Women) Act1986, requires all private sector employers in Australia with more than100 employees to report annually on programmes they have developed toimprove women's employment opportunities. A criterion sampling approachwas used to identify organizations whose public reports to theAffirmative Action Agency in 1992, contained at least some evidence ofaffirmative action programme development. There were 288 organizationsidentified in this way. The employment profiles of these 288organizations for the period 1991-1993 are compared with a random sampleof another 288 organizations reporting to the agency over the sameperiod. There are no clear conclusions which can be drawn from theemployment profiles. What does emerge from the analysis is that simplequantitative measures of the effects of affirmative action are clearlyinadequate to capture women's employment experiences.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429510084612
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    The career development of successful women (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 10 (1995), S. 4-15 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Reports on an investigation into the life span development of womenwho have achieved eminence within commerce, industry and public life.Presents results based on in-depth interviews with 48 highly successfulwomen. Investigates the internal dynamics of women's careers. Derives astage model of the career development of successful women from anintegration of data on work histories and non-work family issues.Depicts schematically the amount of identity invested in each life roleover time and the extent of the interaction between these roles over thelife span. The majority of successful women display high careercentrality, working continuously and full-time, fitting domesticresponsibilities around their work. Concludes that women are stillexpected to conform to a male model of career success.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429510085053
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    Valuation - a career for women? (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 10 (1995), S. 25-28 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Reports on the findings of research into the role of women in thevaluation profession in New Zealand. Quantitative and attitudinalinformation from women involved in the valuation profession was obtainedby postal survey. Results reveal 6 per cent female representation in theprofession currently. Describes the population in quantitative terms andsummarizes attitudinal data. Outlines recommendations formulated as aresult of the research, which revealed that gender-based discriminationis evident. However, the property industry does offer an interesting andvaried career which should be promoted to young women. Women involvedwith the profession have noted gender advantages that should berecognized by the profession at large.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429510092000
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    Is management education on the right track for women? (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 10 (1995), S. 3-8 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: The MBA as the top management qualification has enjoyed aconsiderable increase in popularity. However, doubts exist about theaccessibility and success of the course for women managers. Describes aresearch project which aimed to make a comparison of the potentialreturns of an MBA for men and women. Also aims to explore the barrierswhich exist for women in the labour market and how far the MBA overcomesthese. Based on a sample of 128 male and 55 female students frompart-time courses, looks at management roles, management functions andsalary levels. In addition identifies men's formal and informal networksas a significant barrier. Concludes that the MBA is less successful forwomen than for men in terms of career advancement and salary levels.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429510095971
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    The impact of personality factors on sexual and non-sexual harassment sensitivity (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 10 (1995), S. 9-19 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Describes a study which represents an initial examination of therelationship between personality factors and sexual and non-sexualharassment. The traditional approach in the United States to sexualharassment sensitivity has been in terms of social-sexual behavioursbased on gender. Moreover, a review of previous research indicates thatthe examination of personality factors as imperatives for sexualharassment sensitivity has received little attention. The findings ofthis research, however, suggest that there are relationships betweensexual harassment sensitivity and several personality factors. Thefindings imply that personality factors may potentially play asignificant role in the counselling of sexual harassment aggressors andvictims and in the development of programmes to prevent sexualharassment in the workplace.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429510095980
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    Gender differences in network relationships in academia (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 10 (1995), S. 20-25 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Examines gender differences in networking characteristics andbenefits in a sample of university faculty. Generates hypotheses fromIbarra's theoretical framework for explaining differences betweenwomen's and men's interpersonal networks. Finds significant differencesbetween women and men, but, contrary to Ibarra's theory of interpersonalnetworks, some of these differences favour women.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429510095999
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    Differences in the export activities of female-and male-owned small and medium-sized enterprises (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 10 (1995), S. 4-10 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Determines whether gender or other factors account for the exportbehaviour of small and medium-sized enterprises in New Brunswick,Canada. Suggests that, although gender does play a role in the nature ofsmall or medium-sized enterprises in New Brunswick, it is not theprimary determinant of export behaviour.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429510102099
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    The "double-glazed glass ceiling" in Australian libraries (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 10 (1995), S. 19-29 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Discusses the findings from a recent Australian study on the statusof women in libraries. Poses the question of whether a"double-glazed" ceiling exists for women in librarianshipdespite their movement since the late 1980s into library managementpositions and legislative initiatives. Utilizes both survey data andinformation obtained from follow-up interviews with female librarians.Also questions the usefulness of the metaphor, the "glassceiling", as an explanation for gender inequality.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429510102125
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    Gender differences in self-perceived success (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 10 (1995), S. 11-18 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: That women are less well-paid than men is well-documented. Howwomen perceive their apparent lack of "success" in thelabour force is less discussed. Examines how a sample of Australianwomen perceive their levels of success relative to their malecounterparts and one another. A sample of 284 public sector employeeswas surveyed as part of a broader study into career success in theAustralian public sector. Overall it was found that, despite havingsignificantly lower levels of pay and positions within the organization,the women in the study felt as successful as the men. When compared withone another, however, women who had experienced career interruptionsfelt significantly less successful than women who had continuouscareers. This was despite the fact that the women with continuouscareers were still significantly less well-paid than the men.
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    The impact of work-family policies on women's career development: boon or bust? (1996)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 11 (1996), S. 5-19 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Drawing on existing literature and ongoing research in large corporations, examines the impact of employer work-family policies on the career development of women. A summary of evaluation research of work-family policies and programmes, focusing on work-related outcomes, reveals that relatively few studies have been conducted. Further, the primary focus of existing research has been to examine such outcomes as recruitment, turnover, absenteeism, morale and job satisfaction; few studies have examined the impact of use of family-friendly policies on career advancement. Existing data indicate there is widespread belief that use of certain work-family policies, particularly non-traditional work arrangements, is detrimental to career advancement. Summarizes findings regarding the validity of this belief and deems them inconclusive. Discusses the influence of supervisors and corporate culture on the work-family interface, and presents recommendations for further research.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429610109280
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    Reflections on a black woman's management learning (1996)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 11 (1996), S. 3-11 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: During the Autumn of 1991 the author became involved in a process of "conscientization" (awakened critical consciousness) as she sought to gain understanding of herself, of other black women managers and the realities of their status and positions in organizations, and UK society at large. The author, a Black British woman manager and educator of Afro-Caribbean origin, shares her particular reflections on her personal management learning process - a journey towards self-knowledge and "liberation" unleashing blocked potential. The reflections are primarily intended to provide black managers and professionals - past, present and potential seekers - with a vicarious experience of important challenges encountered; an attempt at "theorizing our experience". The reflections are also intended for white managers who seek better intercultural understanding and relationships in the workplace. Important challenges included the identification of an appropriate research methodology for researching and understanding the black experience. Outlines the author's process of identifying strategies for overcoming the fear of addressing and confronting the issues of race and "silence" in the workplace.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429610117407
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    Feminizing the boardroom: a study of the effects of corporatization on the number and status of women directors in New Zealand companies (1996)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 11 (1996), S. 20-26 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Changes to government policy, deregulation and corporatization in New Zealand have influenced the number and status of women on boards of directors. Using company records, archival material and interviews, examines gender equity on boards of directors in New Zealand and compares the progress of women on the boards of corporate companies in the private sector with those on crown company boards in the public sector. While increasing numbers of New Zealand women are entering the business arena, they continue to be underrepresented in the boardrooms and there exists a clear disparity between gender representation on the boards of crown and corporate companies with women being disadvantaged in the private sector. Includes interview material from women who have successfully achieved directorships and examines the approaches they adopted. Outlines some positive steps to assist women in the bid for corporate directorship, but suggests that the challenge of changing corporate and societal attitudes remains.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429610117425
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    Packaged software development teams: what makes them different? (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 11 (1998), S. 7-19 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Discusses the characteristics of packaged software versus information systems (IS) development environments that capture the differences between the teams that develop software in these respective industries. The analysis spans four levels: the industry, the dynamics of software development, the cultural milieu, and the teams themselves. Finds that, relative to IS: the packaged software industry is characterized by intense time pressures, less attention to costs, and different measures of success; the packaged software development environment is characterized by being a "line" rather than "staff" unit, having a greater distance from the actual users/customers, a less mature development process; the packaged software cultural milieu is characterized as individualistic and entrepreneurial; the packaged software team is characterized as less likely to be matrix managed and being smaller, more co-located, with a greater shared vision.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849810204503
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    Armed truce: software in an age of teams (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 11 (1998), S. 62-65 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: As software grows more complex, the role of teams looms ever larger, forcing software development organizations to confront the shifting balance between conflict and cooperation among programmers on a common project. This paper suggests that the degree of constructive conflict and dissent, rather than consensus, is the crucial variable in the success of packaged software teams. The composition and behaviors of the members of these teams also suggest the outlines of new forms of organization in innovation industries and rapidly-changing institutions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849810204594
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    Against method-ism: Exploring the limits of method (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 10 (1997), S. 31-45 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Provides a critique of method-ism - the view that methodology is necessary and sufficient for information systems' development success; method-ism presupposes also that systems developers understand the value of methodology and will prefer to work with it rather than without it. Argues, against method-ism, that method flows from understanding, and not the reverse. Hence method cannot be a substitute for understanding. Discusses the way in which humans tend to interact with the world by means of ready-to-hand tools, using the ideas of Heidegger and Ihde. Shows that tools are used only if available (ready-to-hand) in the world of doing. If a methodology is not ready-to-hand, it will break down and be ignored in the pragmatics of getting the job done. Presents a number of arguments why methodologies by design will tend to break down (not be ready-to-hand) and hence be discarded.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849710166147
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    The impact of gender on career success of information systems professionals: A human-capital perspective (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 10 (1997), S. 63-86 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Recent projections by social scientists indicate that by the year 2000 almost half the work force will be comprised of women. Information systems (IS) literature reports that women are underrepresented: only about one-third of IS employees are female. This may suggest that IS women professionals may be engaging in practices that restrict their entry, promotion and retention. Attempts to examine the career success outcomes of men and women in IS using the human-capital paradigm. Presents results, based on the survey responses of about 348 employees in the IS field, which suggest that significant gender differences exist. For instance, women were found, on average, to be somewhat younger and less experienced then were men in lower-level positions and to receive lower salaries than do men even when age, work experience and job level were controlled. Moreover, women have fewer opportunities to interact with people outside their departmental boundaries. Discusses the relevance of these results and presents viable options for fostering the careers and improving the retention of women in the IS field.
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    The truth is out there: the search for emancipatory principles in information systems design (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 10 (1997), S. 187-204 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Examines how information systems design may enable progress towards the "ideal speech situation" where free and undistorted communication between equally empowered agents may take place and result in a consensus that has been rationally negotiated. Considers the assumptions of several current information systems design proposals which claim to encourage social reflexivity among the design participants. Develops an analysis of whether or not a systems based solution may be developed which is truly emancipatory for the individual living and working within an organization.
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    A soft system approach in introducing information technology: A case study of an international broadcasting programme in Japan (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 10 (1997), S. 275-286 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Examines the use of the soft systems approach in introducing information technology for an international broadcasting programme. International broadcasting is an important system for transferring knowledge to people in diverse regions. Presents the soft systems methodology in a case example on how the news programme production of an international broadcasting organization in Japan deploys IT. Suggests that any IT deployment should consider the perspectives of IT beneficiaries, IT users, as well as the IT owners. Therefore, all relevant people must be included in the audience of the broadcasts in diverse regions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849710194669
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    Adoption versus abandonment of CASE tools: lessons from two organizations (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 10 (1997), S. 316-329 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: In recent years, computer-aided software engineering tools (CASE) have emerged to provide automation support to the software development process. Such automation is a revolutionary progress which promises dramatic improvement in software quality and productivity. However, despite such promises, CASE tools have not proved to be effective in some organizations owing to the fact that far fewer efforts are expended by organizations on evaluation for selection and introduction of appropriate CASE tools. Proposes a conceptual model on CASE environment that is assembled from two distinct but related processes : "CASE selection" and "CASE adoption". Further argues that CASE adoption process will be affected if an organization fails to select appropriate CASE tools. Therefore, the success of CASE adoption is very much dependent on the process of CASE selection. Moreover, there is also a possibility that even a suitable CASE tool may not contribute positively, if it is not adopted systematically. Thus, if the CASE adoption fails then a CASE environment would not function. Against this background, cites two case studies describing the experiences of two organizations that adopted a particular brand of front-end CASE tool. One organization was successful in introducing the tool, and experienced considerable improvement in quality and productivity. Conversely, the same CASE tool failed to achieve its purpose in another organization. In the light of the model, further describes why and how CASE failed in one organization, and was considered successful in another. Finally, also highlights the lessons learned from their experiences.
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    The distribution of computing: the knowledge markets of distributed technical support specialists (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 11 (1998), S. 84-103 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Distributed computing environments place more computer power in the hands of the end-user, and often demand increased technical support. In response, organizations may choose to move technical support personnel close to end-users. This can isolate them from each other, and may limit their ability to share knowledge. Thus, the growth of distributed computing calls for increased ability to share knowledge across organizational boundaries. This paper presents the results of a case study investigating how distributed technologists share knowledge through knowledge markets. We argue that knowledge markets are cultural entities shaped by the underlying work culture of their participants, and that the cultural forces that define knowledge markets are powerful, deeply held and difficult to change. Thus, improving the effectiveness of any given knowledge market will have less to do with the installation of information technology than with the ability to create a facilitating work culture. This study's identification of clique knowledge markets, operating efficiently in parallel to the public knowledge market, may provide a hint of the type of culture that will create fewer knowledge trade barriers.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849810218292
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    Implementation of a knowledge-based agricultural geographic decision-support system in the Dominican Republic: a case study (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 11 (1998), S. 174-193 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Effective land use management in lesser developed countries is problematic due to a variety of factors including inexperience and turnover of decision makers, lack of communication among experts in functional areas, and scattered or missing data needed by managers to make informed decisions. This paper describes a "first step" approach toward the solution of these problems that was implemented in the Dominican Republic. The paper introduces a framework used to organize and facilitate the sharing of data needed for land use decision across multiple disciplines. The framework provided the basis for the development of a prototype agricultural geographic decision support system for use in the Dominican Republic. This system is unique in that it combines concepts from semantic data modeling and database design, geographic information systems, and knowledge-based systems.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849810227986
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    The impact of privatization on organizational information needs: Lessons from the Brazilian Telecommunications Holding Company (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 11 (1998), S. 207-216 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Government-owned monopolies are disappearing all over the world. These monopolies have been shielded from external competitors since their creation, and their liberalization and privatization are shaping an important role for competitive intelligence. In this paper, we analyze telecommunication deregulation in Brazil to explain the changing organizational information and intelligence needs of Telebrás SA, the Brazilian holding company that manages the telecommunication monopoly.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849810228002
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    Why we do not have to worry about speaking the language of the computer (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 11 (1998), S. 281-289 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Proposes that while it is not unfeasible that we will be able to communicate directly with computers in ordinary language, it is highly unlikely that this will ever be achieved. As Heidegger pointed out, language is not normally used for the exchange of information but calls to attention some aspect of the world the language users already share. Without this experience of the world, computers are unable to place language in context. Moreover, humans continue to develop and experience, so the context for language is ever changing. This is the challenge for artificial intelligence researchers. Also discusses the practical consequences of this fundamental problem, current solutions and their social implications and dangers.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849810246101
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    Insistent emplacement: Heidegger on the technologies of informing (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 11 (1998), S. 290-304 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Explores how the work of Martin Heidegger may be read alongside our contemporary understandings of information technology. It begins by considering the view of information as degraded knowledge, a position refuted by Heidegger's account of truth as correctness. Information is thereafter treated as a form of availability, grounded in the relation between humans and equipment, which is characterised by its insistence. A differentiation between various forms of equipment is made by way of Heidegger's later writings on technics, leading to a discussion of information technology in the shadow of enframing, or emplacement. The central place of "anxiety" in our relationship to new technologies is underscored, and offered up as a way of thinking beyond the escalation of calculative ordering.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849810246110
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    Information technology and the institution of identity: Reflections since Understanding Computers and Cognition (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 11 (1998), S. 351-372 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: The author's previous work, itself based on the work of Martin Heidegger and then the Speech Act theorists grounded two important claims. First, computers are about communication, not computation or data processing. Second, communication is primarily about the coordination of commitments to act. This paper argues, as a review of the thinking in Understanding Computers and Cognition, that much is still to be learned about how speech acts work to structure commitments and how the interlinked structure of multiple commitments determines the kind of actions possible in any institution. The paper considers the way the Web establishes sites, virtual communities, and so forth. By referring to Hegel, Kierkegaard, and Heidegger on identity, the paper examines the sorts of identities virtual places are currently making possible and the development that virtual, identity forming practices will need to undergo if virtual sites are to act as real sites do.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849810246156
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    Beef producers online: diffusion theory applied (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 12 (1999), S. 71-85 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Members of an Australian beef producer group have become users of electronic communication as a precursor to fuller engagement in electronic commerce. The research team's immediate aim was to assist this group to become effective users of the Internet. In addition, using interpretive methods of enquiry, aims to provide a basis from which subsequent wider usage of the Internet in the red meat industry could be enabled. Presents data from the project using diffusion theory as a framework, with rich description to allow for further interpretation of the views of all parties. The apparent success of the project suggests it can be used or adapted for other members of the beef industry, having regard for their particular circumstances.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849910250556
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    Issues in the multi-disciplinary assessment of healthcare information systems (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 12 (1999), S. 253-275 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Considers the problems of a multi-disciplinary team working together to understand and evaluate a healthcare information system, which itself is situated in a complex organisational and political environment. Provides general discussion of problems faced by evaluators of such systems. Describes this specific evaluation project (Electronic Patient Records in the UK National Health Service), gives an account of the evaluation process as it occurred, highlights some of the problems encountered, and discusses attempts to overcome these. Suggests that social, organisational and political factors are inherent in all such research enterprises, and that in order to facilitate a rich understanding of complex systems, these factors must also be considered as part of the research data.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849910278277
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    Converging paths to Notes: In search of computer-based information systems in a networked company (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 8 (1995), S. 7-34 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: The nature of the information systems needed in a networked firm isnot well known: nor is the process leading to particular solutions.Describes a small computer-consulting company which works as a networkof independent consultants, and analyses the slow and circuitous pathfrom recognizing its IS/IT needs to its commitment to a particularsolution as seven steps; using ideas of structuration theory as a focus.During the selection process, participants formed new interpretations ofthe firm, of technology, and of the appropriate process towards afeasible solution. New resources - both material and symbolic– were acquired to enable the search. Existing "norms"provided boundaries for the search process, but at times had to yield orbe circumvented in order for the organization to reach a solution.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849510081594
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    The EDI project in Slovenia: a case study and model for developing countries (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 8 (1995), S. 6-16 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Describes the adoption of electronic data interchange (EDI) inSlovenia. Explains how this was aided by the co-operation of companies,government agencies, universities and several internationalorganizations. Proposes that Slovenia can serve as a model for otherdeveloping countries.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849510087976
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    Quality management in action: a Swiss case study (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 8 (1995), S. 35-53 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Begins by defining the quality of a software system in terms of itsfitness for use, and goes on to outline the idea of dynamic qualitymanagement (DQM), which is based on a quality triangle. Describes astrategy of achieving software quality by using the software-technicaldimension and the organizational dimension. To take both dimensions intoaccount, DQM suggests three dimensional links - qualityprinciples, action programmes and measurement schemata. Demonstratesthese ideas using a case study of a Swiss bank, and presents selectedfindings of the study.
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    Information systems employment structures in the USA and Singapore: a cross-cultural comparison (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 8 (1995), S. 17-36 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: The traditional view of the employment relationship between theinformation systems (IS) professional and the employing firm is onewhere the employee is governed by internal, hierarchical control.However, more recently, there are indications that firms may be adoptingexternal forms of structuring their IS workforce which move away fromthe traditional internal structure (for example, by outsourcingactivities). Proposes different views to explain preferences forexternal employment relationships: a market perspective which emphasizeseconomic factors, and a cultural perspective which views organizationsas an expression of patterned values. Examines the efficacy of eachapproach by providing an empirical investigation of the extent to whichIS workers are externalized in the USA and Singapore. Results suggestthat the USA utilizes more externalized IS employment structures thanSingapore. These results are interpreted from both market and culturalperspectives.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849510087985
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    Educating tomorrow's managers for telecommunications and EDI: a cross-cultural experience (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 8 (1995), S. 58-79 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Telecommunications addresses the tyranny of distance forinternational and domestic trade communities by providing informationlinkages both internally and externally to an organization. These globalnetworks give firms the opportunity to gain strategic advantages such asthe strengthening of trading partner relationships and the redesigningof internal procedures to improve overall efficiency and costeffectiveness. The business community, however, has been slow to adopttelecommunications and its enabled technologies - electronic datainterchange (EDI) in particular - owing to a general lack ofunderstanding of the benefits available from their effectiveutilization. Describes an education-oriented approach designed toencourage greater acceptance of telecommunications and EDI by educatinguniversity students - the managers of the future - aboutapplied telecommunications in an international environment. Discussesalso the cultural and cross-cultural experiences of the students whoparticipated in this pilot project. The results indicate that there isevidence to support the hypothesis that EDI is an appropriate exemplartechnology for teaching applied telecommunications in an internationalenvironment; and that a laboratory-based strategy is an effective way ofusing EDI to achieve this objective and providing students withexperience of the cultural and cross-cultural factors involved ininternational commerce.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849510088001
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    Managerial control strategies within the networked organization (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 8 (1995), S. 57-72 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Identifies and reviews some theoretical developments central to thecritical analysis of the use of combined computer-based systems andquality management applications. While the advocates of theseapplications propose that the emergent organizational configurationsprovide employees with the opportunity for participation in decisionmaking, resulting in "empowerment" and the possibility ofpersonal fulfilment, argues that the networked organization may resultin a progressive commodification of social relationships which willerode the meaning of true employee participation. Suggests that thecombination of networked computer-based systems and the psychologicaltechniques which underpin the quality management methodologies, ratherthan replacing the technologies of control identifiable in theprinciples of scientific management and Fordism, provide an enhanced,more insidious form of technical and cultural control designed to engagethe acquiescence of employees in order to maintain the efficiency of theorganization.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849510098271
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    Case study on exceptions (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 8 (1995), S. 48-78 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Discusses exceptions in office work and the link between rules andexceptions in office information systems. After describing the nature ofexceptions, examines their effect on rules. Provides a case study of afactory purchasing process, including unmatched invoices, costs,classification and strategic changes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849510105047
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    Definitional and contextual issues in organizational and group memories (1996)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 9 (1996), S. 10-24 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Describes how organizations looking to augment their memories through information technologies can employ an organizational memory system. Organizational and group memories can include a wide variety of materials, including documents, rationales for decisions, formal descriptions of procedures, and so on. Discusses findings from case studies of six organizations using or attempting to use the Answer Garden, a type of organizational memory system. Examines two major issues in the implementation of such systems: the gap between the idealized definition of organizational memory and the constrained realities of organizational life; and the effects of reducing contextual information in computer-based memory. Suggests some avenues for managing these issues as well as for further technical and organizational research.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849610111553
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    Relevance conventions and problem boundaries in work redesign teams (1996)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 9 (1996), S. 61-80 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Presents findings from a study undertaken to identify some of the conversational issues in the production of knowledge in cross-functional work redesign groups. Illustrates what may be key sources of miscommunication based in differing conversational relevance. Postulates that the recognition of relevance and, by extension, the recognition of a valid contribution, is influenced by the manner of discourse or speech style. Feels that the language behaviours as disclosed in the analysis can be inhibiting to the work of cross-functional teams responsible for a variety of organizational change processes, including IS development and workflow redesign.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849610121606
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    More than a failure? The computerized reservation systems at French Railways (1996)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 9 (1996), S. 8-19 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Presents part of ongoing research into French Railways (SNCF) and the introduction of Socrate, a computerized reservation and ticketing system. SNCF bought Sabre from American Airlines in order to build Socrate; one of its aims was to transform commercial activities through the instigation of a new philosophy of selling, based on a technological investment, importing techniques, such as yield management, used in the airline industry. Seeks to understand the links between the strategic and political aims and the technical choices, as well as how actors interpret and appropriate technical tools. Argues that Socrate is an integral part of the problematic adoption of a new rail transport model based on the deregulated airline industry.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849610153403
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    Information technology transfer to a developing country: Executive information systems in Turkey (1996)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 9 (1996), S. 55-84 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Notes that, like the technology itself, almost all research in information systems originates in Western countries, particularly the USA, where conditions are very different from developing countries. In order to examine the implications of transferring information technology to the developing countries, identifies four Turkish organizations which had pioneered executive information systems (EIS). Conducts extensive interviews with both the executive users and the support staff explaining that the scarcity of EIS applications in the country required such a qualitative case-study approach. Observes that conditions in developing countries are greatly different from those of developed countries, and the reasons for research into such differences in conditions are manifold, the maturity level of IT and the sociocultural environment being the most important aspects. Concludes that the cultural environment has very important implications for organizational and managerial practices as well as for the implementation of information technologies which attempt to provide increasingly close support to managerial decision making.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849610129095
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    Notes on ateleological information systems development (1996)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 9 (1996), S. 20-39 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Provides a critique of teleological information systems development methodologies. Argues that these methodologies lead to "dead" systems that make very little sense to their users. Presents the work of the architect Christopher Alexander as an example from another discipline of ateleological development. Using principles gleaned from his work, presents some ideas of how information systems development may become more ateleological. Narrative, metaphor and myth seem to provide some indicators of how such ateleological development may be achieved. Acknowledges that there is no simple answer to the issues involved, except for the conviction that more precision or automation in teleological development methodologies would not do much to solve the enormous problems occurring in practice today.
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    Writing women into management or writing ourselves out: a dilemma for women as authors (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 12 (1997), S. 309-319 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Examines the response of the discipline of management to the problem of the underrepresentation of women in senior management. Analyses 14 leading scholarly management journals and demonstrates that the journals ignore the problem of women's underrepresentation and that this has important consequences for women. Women are largely underrepresented as authors in management journals and, when they do publish, they do not publish on the problems of women in senior management. Moreover, the exclusion of women in management as a topic in the journals does not appear to be positively influenced by the presence of female editors or the representation of women on editorial boards. Explores the manner in which the knowledge produced by women about women in senior management in journals such as Women in Management Review works in ways that are simultaneously liberating and self-disciplining. Concludes by posing a profound dilemma for women who, as a consistent first choice, choose to publish in "gender journals" such as Women in Management Review.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429710189902
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    Career barriers and the older woman manager (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 13 (1998), S. 143-155 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Following the removal of the age retirement barrier in Australia, it is expected that more older workers will remain in the workforce beyond the age of 65. An important segment of this older workforce is the managerial and professional woman, aged in her 50s and part of the first generation of women to have had a long-term career. This paper reports on an investigation into the career and life decisions of 33 such women in Perth, Western Australia. The research looked at issues such as career histories and future work goals; impact of ageing process on career achievement, and retirement plans, and also examined the implications of barriers facing the older career woman. The research identified five related career barriers and goes on to examine the management and organisational implications of these barriers. The need to further develop career development models to include the varying circumstances and experiences of older women employees is also discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429810219754
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    Factorial dimensions and differential effects of gender on perceptions of teleworking (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 13 (1998), S. 253-263 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Teleworking has received increased attention around the world as a means to provide more balanced lifestyles, higher job satisfaction and increased work productivity. This study examines the factorial dimensions and differential effects of gender on the perceptions of advantages and disadvantages of teleworking to individuals and to organizations. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey of IT professionals. Results showed that males perceived teleworking as enabling improvement in the quality of life and improvement in productivity/reduction of overheads to a greater extent than females. Implications of the results are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429810237105
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    Integration or separation: women and the appliance of organisational culture (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 13 (1998), S. 114-124 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Four decades ago, Whyte (1956) described how a new human expression had become universally evident. This was the notion of the "Organisation Man", an early corporate culture characterised by the middle ranks of - male - managers in large organisations, who were subject to a "social ethic". Gender was not an issue. However, in a contemporary view of corporate culture, it has become crucial to understanding both notions of competitive advantage, and the thesis and influence of individual commitment to the organisation.This article deals with the issue of gender and the corporate culture thesis. Unlike many studies there is a need to make a distinction between women and men concerning their organisational perceptions and roles in relation to the corporate culture thesis. The paper is an initial analysis of research material, dealing with the above issues in relation to gender in contemporary organisations. It examines a changing notion of corporate culture to one where both men and women are implicated in the project at a full emotional level.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429810215884
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    Career and life expectations of Chinese business students: the effects of gender (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 13 (1998), S. 171-183 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: The career and life expectations of male and female Chinese students and graduates of the Certified General Accountants (CGA) Canada program in China were explored using a survey and semi-structured interviews. The results of the survey were compared to data from students of a leading Canadian business school. Chinese students of both sexes show a much higher level of commitment to their careers than their Canadian counterparts. Despite this commitment, their qualifications, and the critical shortage of professionally trained people in China, female Chinese students are pessimistic about their prospects for career advancement. They cite negative stereotypes, lack of mentors and role models, isolation, and a lack of organizational policies enabling them to successfully fulfill their parental roles as major barriers. This is consistent with the North American literature on the "glass ceiling".
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    "Go out there and go for broke": senior women and promotion in Education Queensland, Australia (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 14 (1999), S. 37-43 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Women find it difficult to achieve promotion into senior administration positions in education systems throughout the Western world. This paper reports on interviews with 23 women who are employed by Education Queensland (Australia). These women, who were all participants in a Women in Management course offered by the Queensland University of Technology, have been successful in being promoted into administrative positions in schools and school support centres. The focus of the paper is on why these women have gone for promotion and the successful strategies that they employed to achieve promotion. These strategies included "putting runs on the board", being persistent, networking, managing in their own way and accessing appropriate professional development. The paper concludes with the warning that the culture of the central bureaucracy, however, is perceived as overwhelmingly male and this acts as a significant barrier to further career progress.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429910261378
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    Gender on the agenda in management education? (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 14 (1999), S. 99-104 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Business/management schools may be currently using an exclusive approach to the study and development of management; by ignoring gender in this arena they are reinforcing the notion that women in management are invisible. Previous research suggests that there is a masculine bias in management education, which disadvantages both female and male learners and which may discourage managers from capitalising on gender diversity in the workplace. Discusses experiences of women academics and students in a business/management school and is based on the premise that change in management education will facilitate change in organisations. Therefore, rather than reinforcing the premise that management knowledge contributes to the maginalisation of women in management, argues that business/management schools should move to an inclusive approach, where management incorporates the experience and abilities of both men and women. Concludes by suggesting a number of initiatives to place gender on the agenda in business/management schools.
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    Ms representations: women, management and popular culture (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 14 (1999), S. 14-20 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Popular representations of the workplace have tended to construct women as unsuited to management and leadership roles. In their reflective capacity these popular fictional texts illustrate the workplace. In their capacity to construct popular perceptions of "reality", the texts offer an important insight into women's and men's understandings and expectations of their workplace relationships. In this article we reflect on how popular films, plays and television shows can make visible some manifestations of the kinds of resistance women continue to experience in non-traditional domains such as management. While these kinds of texts have not been central to the analysis of workplace relations within the management literature, we argue that as social documents they have much to contribute to an understanding of the limited advancement of women.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429910255456
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    Managerial motivation and gender roles: a study of females and males in Hong Kong (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 14 (1999), S. 44-53 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Chinese women are often perceived as passive, submissive, lacking aggressiveness and a drive to be successful managers. Using a previously validated culturally modified Miner Sentence Completion Scale-H (for hierarchic), this study compares the motivation to manage a sample of 156 BBA and MBA students in Hong Kong. Results indicate no significant differences between the scores of males and females on the total MSCS-H or its components, including assertiveness and competitiveness. Gender role differences are not supported by differences in managerial motivation of Hong Kong business students.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429910261387
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    Sex, roles and justice: a study of gender as a predictor of fairness in decision making (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 14 (1999), S. 89-98 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Previous research has hypothesized that males and females evaluate the level of fairness of a particular decision using different conceptual models of justice. Other research has proposed that one's sex-role orientation, i.e. whether a person has masculine or feminine traits, provides another perspective when judging a decision as being fair or unfair. In this paper we propose to test whether sex-role orientation does indeed tell a different story than simply using biological sex as a predictor.
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    Women as managers in family firms (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 14 (1999), S. 76-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Compares the career experiences of women managers who are members of the family that owns the organization and women managers who are not. Results of a survey show "women family managers" enjoy increased status, job security and flexibility. Many are able to take advantage of this flexibility to combine child rearing and career roles. "Non-family women managers" perceive themselves as competitive and independent people, they have better academic qualifications and are less likely to be married and have children. However, both groups are unenthusiastic about their training, mentors and personal contacts and consider that career progress is easier for men. In general, all women managers feel they lack power and opportunities to make progress.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429910269884
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    Women in management: the case of MBA graduates (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 14 (1999), S. 136-145 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: The research for this paper focused on the impact which an MBA has on the careers of women in management and compared the career progression of male and female MBA graduates. The research was carried out among graduates who had obtained an MBA from the University of Ulster between 1992 and 1996. The study found that the management careers of men and women did differ significantly in a number of respects and that there were differences between male and female graduates in their perceptions of how the MBA has affected their careers. It also found that women, in particular, experienced barriers to their careers which mediated the effects of obtaining a higher level qualification. The paper discusses how a more "level playing field" might be created and pressures reduced for both men and women in management careers.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429910274815
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    Flexibility initiatives: current approaches and effective strategies (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 14 (1999), S. 177-186 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: This article describes findings from a series of recent Catalyst studies. Several of these studies investigated the use of flexible work arrangements in business, exploring employee and employer attitudes towards, opinions about, and experiences with, these alternative arrangements. Together, findings from these studies help to delineate current approaches to flexibility initiatives in business, the increasing interest in these arrangements, the key benefits to business from the use of these alternatives, and the continuing barriers to the use of flexible arrangements. They also help to clarify effective strategies and practices for successful flexibility initiatives, along with critical skills needed by supervisors and employees using these arrangements. Detailed examples from two Catalyst Award-winning organizations - The Bank of Montreal and Deloitte & Touche LLP - are included.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429910371088
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    Waiting for outcomes: anchoring a dual agenda for change to cultural assumptions (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 14 (1999), S. 194-203 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: This article argues that strategies to promote gender equity in organizations need to focus on assumptions in the organizational culture that underpin work practices and behaviors. An analytic case is used to demonstrate the importance of bringing cultural assumptions to the surface during the organizational change process and examining their implications for both gender equity and organizational effectiveness. Initial efforts aimed at changing work practices were disappointing. However, the understanding that cultural assumptions had unintended consequences for both gender equity and organizational effectiveness provided a foundation for the organization to continue to experiment after the initial intervention. The article argues that linking changes in work practices and processes to underlying assumptions provides a basis for the organization to engage in an on-going and iterative process of inquiry, experimentation, reflection, and learning that can generate surprising and positive outcomes over time.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429910281989
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    Globalization and information technology: vanishing social contracts, the "pink collar" workforce and public policy challenges (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 14 (1999), S. 230-252 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: This paper critically examines the influence of information technology (IT) on women's career structures. Globalization is forcing an increasing inter-dependence of radically re-engineered labour forces and the further "internal" exploitation of the internationalization of the dual labour market many women have endured. The global trend is towards further fragmenting a shrinking, gender-based set of career opportunities and creating an increasingly marginalized, part-time, "pink collar" labour force, associated with the putative revolution of the tertiary sector transforming out of industrial, manufacturing economies. The implications of the emergence of a "pink collar" labour force largely go unexamined. The much heralded argument that IT will transform "coercive" organizational structures and work practices needs, yet again, to be critically examined in the context of the further destruction of professional opportunities for women in radically re-engineered public sectors, aggressively "micro-economized" labour forces and rapidly dissipating organizational and social contracts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429910287253
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    Mary Parker Follett: visionary leadership and strategic management (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 14 (1999), S. 292-304 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: This paper proposes the use of the model of visionary leadership adapted by this researcher from Westley and Mintzberg's 1989 paper "Visionary leadership and strategic management" to view the work of Mary Parker Follet. The model augments Westley and Mintzberg's model with much earlier work by Mary Parker Follett. Follett's work on leadership, group membership, contribution, participation and co-operation are as relevant to the study of human relations today as they were 70 years ago. The model highlights the elements of visionary leadership and group membership. This model was developed to place a framework on the many writings of Follett. The framework is fully discussed and is based on some of the work of Westley and Mintzberg.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429910291131
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    Professional women in agriculture - do they have a future? (1996)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 11 (1996), S. 20-27 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Summarizes the findings of a predominantly qualitative research enquiry into the perceptions that professional women who work in agricultural and rural science in field-based situations have of their jobs and career opportunities in the Department of Primary Industries, Australia. Highlights issues relating to female traits not being valued by the organization for progression to management positions, family commitments conflicting with work commitments and sexual harassment by clients and colleagues. Suggests how the organization could improve workplace practices to retain and encourage professional women working in these roles.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429610122113
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    Comparative analysis of gender relations in employment in Western Europe (1996)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 11 (1996), S. 9-16 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Highlights the fact that women's employment is increasing in most Western countries, although the patterns are still very varied especially in relation to: the proportion who work full- or part-time; the size of the wages gap between women and men; and the extent of the infrastructural support, such as publicly-provided child care, that facilitates the reconciliation of working and home life. Notes that these are linked to the different patterns of gender relations in the wider society: both different degrees of inequality and different forms of patriarchy. Uses comparative analysis to investigate these differences and focuses on the methodological dilemmas in carrying out such cross-national research.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429610122609
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    A study of the tournament model with female managers (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 12 (1997), S. 3-10 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Reports the findings of the first study to test the tournament model of careers with female managers. Follows the careers of 3,800 women in a large internal labour market firm. Investigates the signals of early promotions, career velocity, education, tenure and entering position. Examines the relationships between these signals and career attainment. The results do not show the strong support of the tournament model that research with men has found. Using the variables previously found in the literature to be related to career attainment for men does not explain a major proportion of the variance for women. Suggests that the tournament model may not apply to women in organizations or women may be placed in different tournaments from men. Purports that women may have certain career paths on entering an organization regardless of the tournament rounds they win or that other signals affect women's career attainment.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429710162884
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    Who does what at your place? Women educational leaders' experiences of gender-segregated work (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 12 (1997), S. 17-26 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Draws on excerpts from interviews with six women teacher/leaders in Taranaki, New Zealand to explore arguments that in Western cultures men maintain power and control of the sexual division of labour in the home, which is allied to a sexual division of labour at work. Uncovers some of the links between the women's home and school experiences in their accounts of their negotiations of what have commonly been seen as contradictory subject positions of leader/wife; mother/career woman. Shows from the women's stories about their personal lives and aspirations, however, that for reasons that were quite complex, some of them were themselves maintaining gendered divisions of labour. Suggests some implications for further research.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429710162901
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    The telecommuting paradox (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 10 (1997), S. 164-172 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Despite advances in information technology, telecommuting, or work away from the workplace (at home, on the road, etc.) via low-bandwidth telephone lines, remains an inhibited phenomenon. High bandwidth communication available at the workplace, on the other hand, enables members of virtual teams to collaborate with peers and share information and knowledge despite being dispersed at several work locations. Members of virtual teams thus substitute real proximity to information resources and to knowledgeable peers with virtual proximity and are better positioned for effective group collaboration than telecommuters. The "telecommuting paradox" is that, despite enormous improvements in IT, the prevalence of telecommuting is lower than expected. In an attempt to shed light on the paradox, focuses on the infrastructural factors that have affected telecommuting throughout its history.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849710175002
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    Augmenting group sense making in ill-defined, emerging situations: Experiences, lessons learned and issues for future development (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 10 (1997), S. 241-252 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Describes how, in ill-defined, emerging situations, team members struggle to make sense of the situation, react to stimuli from the external environment, and interact with each other and human artefacts to develop an interpretation of the environment. Presents a general model of this process, lessons derived from experiences in trying to support it, and issues for future development.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849710178216
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  • 88
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    The nostalgia of virtual community: A study of computer-mediated communications use in Colombian non-governmental organizations (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 11 (1998), S. 217-234 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: This paper presents a study on the uses of computer-mediated communication (CMC) among non-government organizations (NGOs) in Colombia. Using an interpretivist framework, a case study of perceptions of users of CMC in NGOs affiliated with the Association for Progressive Communication service provider in that country was carried out. The results of the study reveal that users have conflicting attitudes toward their service provider, and that contrary to claims in the literature, the constitution of virtual communities through CMC is a complex process that does not necessarily result in strengthening democratization and development.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849810228020
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    From tool to: Agendas for managing the information infrastructure (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 11 (1998), S. 305-327 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: The recent managerial literature on the development of corporate infrastructures to deliver sophisticated and flexible IT capabilities is based on a set of assumptions concerning the role of management in strategy formulation, planning and control; the role of IT as a tool; the linkages between infrastructure and business processes; the implementation process. This paper deconstructs such assumptions by gradually enriching the conventional management agenda with new priorities stemming from other styles of taking care of infrastructures. The original, straightforward management agenda appears to be lacking: its foundations are irremediably shaken. The paper finally evokes a philosophy-based agenda, the only one valuable in the uncharted territory where the usual foundations do not deliver any longer. Such an agenda speaks a language of weak agency: releasement; dwelling with mystery; capacity to drop the tools; valuing marginal practices. Will the last agenda play a key role in coping with the information infrastructures of the next millennium?
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849810246129
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    Making sense of group support systems facilitation: a reflective practice perspective (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 12 (1999), S. 86-112 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Reports part of a grounded theory study in which 15 facilitators, already experienced in conventional meetings, were trained to become facilitators of face-to-face electronic meetings. Presents a model - "Active reflection" - of the reflective practice processes used by the trainee facilitators. Active reflection is a term which describes the trainees' accounts of the two complementary action reflection processes: reflection on action (thinking back on what was done) and reflection in action (thinking about the action while one is doing it). Identifies a number of implications for group support systems facilitation training and practice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849910250565
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    More on myth, magic and metaphor: Cultural insights into the management of information technology in organizations (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 12 (1999), S. 192-218 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Much research on information technology (IT) emphasizes the rational aspects of IT use. However, cultural analyses have considered IT as a symbolic artifact open to social interpretation. This article presents findings from ethnographic studies of two large insurance organizations to illustrate how cultural assumptions about IT are implicated in IT management. We employ the metaphor of magic as an interpretive lens to generate five archetypes of IT culture: the revered, controlled, demystified, integrated, and fearful IT cultures. Each of these archetypal cultural patterns reflects different assumptions about the "magic" of IT and the "wizards" who control its powers. These patterns are similar to social responses to the unknown that have been found in human cultures for hundreds of years. The metaphor itself was drawn from the language of the two organizations. All five archetypes were manifest in both of the companies studied, suggesting that organizations do not necessarily develop unified symbolic meanings of IT. Although separately each archetype invites novel insights into the management of IT in organizations, together they reveal even deeper interpretations consistent with contemporary theories of cultural differentiation and fragmentation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849910267251
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    Trying to improve communication and collaboration with information technology: An action research project which failed (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 12 (1999), S. 317-332 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Discusses the use of information technology to facilitate communication and collaboration. In this action research project a groupware product called Lotus NotesTM was implemented to facilitate communication and collaboration amongst the senior management team. Although there was a real need for change, and the project received strong support from senior management on the basis that it would enable radical changes in coordination within the workgroup, these radical changes did not occur. The authors analyse the reasons for failure, and suggest that the project failed because of institutional forces which inhibited dramatic changes in work habits.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849910301621
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    The relationship between information technology and corporate financial reporting (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 10 (1997), S. 11-30 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Argues that previous evaluative studies of the impact of information technology (IT) on accounting have focused too much on accountants, and thus have largely neglected broader social and organizational issues. Adopting a contingency perspective, investigates the relationship between IT and corporate financial reporting through the analysis of responses to a postal questionnaire survey of 1,515 UK public companies. Finds that IT use is associated more with internal reporting change (IRC) than with external reporting change (ERC), implying that IT use may have enlarged the information asymmetry between internal and external users. The association between IT use and IRC is found to be stronger in smaller companies than in large ones; and the correlation between IT use and ERC is found to vary depending on the existence of a management compensation plan, and to be conditional on the level of gearing. Discusses the implications of these findings.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849710166138
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    National cultural differences in theory and practice: Evaluating Hofstede's national cultural framework (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 10 (1997), S. 132-146 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Examines the influence national culture has on the design of information systems through a comparative study of geographic information systems (GIS) design in the USA and Germany. Hofstede's (1980) dimensions of national culture provide the theoretical framework for this research. Applying Hofstede's dimensions, evaluates differences in the design documents and actual practice of design of King County, Washington, USA and Kreis (County) Osnabrück, Germany. The findings support Hofstede's characterization at the conceptual level of design documents, but indicate that the practice of design in the German county deviates considerably from Hofstede's characterization: whereas Germanic national cultural characteristics suggest a very regulated top-down design process, the actual practice of design in Kreis Osnabrück involves, in fact, a great deal of negotiations. They lead to the formalization of efforts and preparation of standards. These negotiations are obscured by the cultural emphasis on regulation, as Hofstede did indeed predict through high uncertainty avoidance. In comparison, the findings in King County support Hofstede's characterization that Anglo-American national culture involves negotiations at all stages of design. These findings lead to a reconsideration of Hofstede's national cultural dimensions. Formal design documents replicate national culture characteristics, obscuring the details of practice. Hofstede's national cultural dimensions provide a valuable framework, but the practice of design in both counties is ultimately a process of negotiation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849710174986
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    In cyberspace all they see is your words: A review of the relationship between body, behavior and identity drawn from the sociology of knowledge (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 10 (1997), S. 147-163 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Examines the claims that cyberspace allows individuals to create sustainable new identities. It examines these claims in relation to the ongoing argument about embodiment and information systems. Accepts that computer mediated communication changes the nature of the interaction by removing bodily cues from the process, but argues that creating new identities is not simply a case of using new words. Argues that the choice of words is the result of socialized learning into a particular role, a process that cannot be taught explicitly. Analyses an existing case study and highlights the limitations of playing with an identity into which one has not been socialized. Ends with a discussion of the implications of the ideas presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849710174995
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    Hidden agendas, power and managerial assumptions in information systems development: An ethnographic study (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 10 (1997), S. 224-240 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: A number of researchers have drawn attention to the way in which information systems development is an inherently political activity. Using the critical social theory of Jurgen Habermas, discusses the development of an information system in mental health. Using critical ethnography, reveals otherwise hidden agendas, power and managerial assumptions to be deeply embedded in the project. Raises broader questions about the extent to which information systems can be seen as "colonizing mechanisms".
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849710178225
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    DSS and EIS applications in Taiwan (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 10 (1997), S. 303-315 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: In the past several decades, Taiwanese companies have been successful in the world market. However, knowledge about how these firms use information technology is very limited. Investigates the application of decision support systems (DSS) and executive information systems (EIS) in Taiwan. Two mail surveys were conducted to explore who used the system, where the systems were applied, what decision models were used and reasons for not using these systems. The results indicate that: more than 20 per cent of the firms already used DSS or EIS and an additional 37 per cent had plans to adopt them shortly; 87 per cent of the firms considered DSS and EIS to be important to their competitiveness; middle- and lower-level managers were major DSS and EIS users; half of them used the system every day; the most troublesome problem in developing DSS/EIS was the difficulty in determining information requirements; and information aggregation and what-if analysis were major functions for decision support. Furthermore, quantitative models were employed only in large and old companies. The most popular models included linear programming, PERT/CPM, and regression analysis, whereas the most popular domains for application were finance and production management.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849710194687
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  • 98
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    Teams in packaged software development: The Software Corp. experience (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 11 (1998), S. 36-61 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Packaged software companies evolve in an environment characterized by ever-shorter product life cycles and ever-increasing competition. Reaching the marketplace first is often the way to gain a competitive advantage. This situation leads many packaged software organizations to change both their (often sequential) software development processes and rely on (often cross-functional) teams. Reports on the software development practices of Software Corp., an organization developing software products for the travel industry, which experimented with several different approaches and finally implemented cross-functional development teams. Data presented show that changes in the software development process deeply affect many aspects of the organization. The conclusions emphasize the importance of considering the work culture and organizational history when implementing a new software development method and highlight the importance of clearly defining the roles and responsibilities of all groups involved and the necessity to modify the company's performance-appraisal system to promote and support the new organizational objectives embodied in the changes in software development methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849810204530
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  • 99
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    Scheduling meetings using participants' preferences (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 11 (1998), S. 140-151 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: A new approach to meeting scheduling is proposed. The assumption is that neither open nor closed systems are usually appropriate concerning an organization's employees meeting time. A latitude model is put forward in which employees' personal preferences are important. People may accept computer systems based on this model as more adequate scheduling tools than previous attempts. A prototype implementation is described.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849810218328
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    Diffusion of information technologies and changes in the telecommunications sector: The case of Brazilian small- and medium-sized enterprises (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 11 (1998), S. 194-206 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Brazil's telecommunications sector has been going through a process of privatization that will change conditions for information technologies (IT) diffusion among Brazilian firms. The impacts of privatization will be especially important to Brazilian firms that are still in the early stages of IT diffusion, such as small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The aim of this paper is to discuss the impacts of privatization of telecommunications on IT diffusion among Brazilian SMEs. The paper will first analyze the factors that stimulate SMEs to adopt IT, such as the positive impacts on competitiveness. The paper will then describe how the changes that are taking place in the telecommunications sector can influence IT diffusion. In the third section, the paper will consider the case of Brazil, discussing the specificities of IT diffusion in SMEs from developing countries. As a conclusion the paper will discuss how policy measures can be taken so that Brazilian SMEs can benefit from the changes in the telecommunications sector.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849810227995
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