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  • Articles  (8)
  • incommensurability  (5)
  • ants  (3)
  • Springer  (8)
  • American Chemical Society
  • 1995-1999  (8)
  • Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science  (8)
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  • Articles  (8)
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  • Springer  (8)
  • American Chemical Society
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On Classification of Scientific Revolutions (1999)
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 30 (1999), S. 201-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Keywords: scientific revolutions ; epistemic ruptures ; epistemicframework ; incommensurability ; paradigm ; Kuhn ; Lakatos ; Crowe ; Dauben
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract The question whether Kuhn's theory of scientific revolutions could be applied to mathematics caused many interesting problems to arise. The aim of this paper is to discuss whether there are different kinds of scientific revolution, and if so, how many. The basic idea of the paper is to discriminate between the formal and the social aspects of the development of science and to compare them. The paper has four parts. In the first introductory part we discuss some of the questions which arose during the debate of the historians of mathematics. In the second part, we introduce the concept of the epistemic framework of a theory. We propose to discriminate three parts of this framework, from which the one called formal frame will be of considerable importance for our approach, as its development is conservative and gradual. In the third part of the paper we define the concept of epistemic rupture as a discontinuity in the formal frame. The conservative and gradual nature of the changes of the formal frame open the possibility to compare different epistemic ruptures. We try to show that there are four different kinds of epistemic rupture, which we call idealisation, re-presentation, objectivisation and re-formulation. In the last part of the paper we derive from the classification of the epistemic ruptures a classification of scientific revolutions. As only the first three kinds of rupture are revolutionary (the re-formulations are rather cumulative), we obtain three kinds of scientific revolution: idealisation, re-presentation, and objectivisation. We discuss the relation of our classification of scientific revolutions to the views of Kuhn, Lakatos, Crowe, and Dauben.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008317930920
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kuhn'sThe Structure of Scientific Revolutions revisited (1995)
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 26 (1995), S. 75-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Keywords: Kuhn ; Wittgenstein ; paradigm ; incommensurability ; language games ; relativism ; rationality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Summary The present paper argues that there is an affinity between Kuhn'sThe Structure of Scientific Revolutions and Wittgenstein's philosophy. It is maintained, in particular, that Kuhn's notion of paradigm draws on such Wittgensteinian concepts as language games, family resemblance, rules, forms of life. It is also claimed that Kuhn's incommensurability thesis is a sequel of the theory of meaning supplied by Wittgenstein's later philosophy. As such its assessment is not fallacious, since it is not an empirical hypothesis and it does not have the relativistic implications Kuhn's critics repeatedly indicated. Although concepts are indeed relative to a language game or paradigm, interparadigmatic intelligibility is preserved through the standard techniques of translation or praxis. The impossibility of radical translation which is captured by the claim of incommensurability lies with that which cannot be said but only shown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01130927
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contemporary Philosophy of Science in Italy: An Overview (1998)
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 29 (1998), S. 327-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Keywords: neopositivism ; induction ; incommensurability ; historyand historiography of science ; dialectics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract The paper analyses the development of some themes in the contemporary philosophy of science in Italy. Section 1 reviews the dabate on the legacy of neopositivism. The spread of the philosophy of Popper is outlined in Section 2, with particular regard to the problem of the vindication of induction. Section 3 deals with the debate on the incommensurability thesis, while Section 4 examines its consequences on the possible relationships between historical and epistemological studies of science. The last section is devoted to one of the most recent trends in the Italian philosophy of science: the resumption of Aristotelian dialectics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008227523927
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Is Putnam's Causal Theory of Meaning Compatible with Internal Realism? (1999)
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 30 (1999), S. 1-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Keywords: scientific realism ; incommensurability ; causal theory of meaning ; metaphysical realism ; god's eye point of view ; internal realism ; Putnam
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract Putnam originally developed his causal theory of meaning in order to support scientific realism and reject the notion of incommensurability. Later he gave up this position and adopted instead what he called ‘internal realism’, but apparently without changing his mind on topics related to his former philosophy of language. The question must arise whether internal realism, which actually is a species of antirealism, is compatible with the causal theory of meaning. In giving an answer I begin with an analysis of the content and metaphysical background of scientific realism. I show that it presupposes metaphysical realism and that Putnam's philosophical conversion is due to his becoming aware of the latter's incoherence. After giving a brief sketch of internal realism I conclude by arguing that within this new theoretical framework the causal theory of meaning loses its force as a weapon against incommensurability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008240206638
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thomas Kuhn‘s Latest Notion of Incommensurability (1997)
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 28 (1997), S. 257-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Keywords: Kuhn ; incommensurability ; instruments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract To correct the misconception that incommensurability implies incomparability, Kuhn lately develops a new interpretation of incommensurability. This includes a linguistic theory of scientific revolutions (the theory of kinds), a cognitive exploration of the language learning process (the analogy of bilingualism), and an epistemological discussion on the rationality of scientific development (the evolutionary epistemology). My focus in this paper is to review Kuhn's effort in eliminating relativism, highlighting both the insights and the difficulties of his new version of incommensurability . Finally I suggest that some of Kuhn's difficulties can be overcome by adopting a concept of rationality that filly appreciates the important role of instruments in the development of science.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008220212003
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Naiveté and Novel Perturbations: Conservation of Native Spiders on an Oceanic Island System (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of insect conservation 3 (1999), S. 263-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9753
    Keywords: Hawaii ; habitat destruction ; alien species ; ants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract The native fauna of isolated island systems is generally unique with acute conservation issues. For spiders in Hawaii, the first impediment to effective conservation is lack of taxonomic knowledge. The primary conservation concerns are related to the highly localized areas of endemicity of many species, with associated small population sizes. Species on insular systems tend to occur naturally in small populations, and small population size itself may not be a cause for conservation concern. However, for spiders and other arthropods, which tend to have shorter generation times compared to vertebrates, population fluctuations will tend to be more frequent, rendering them more vulnerable to extinction through demographic accidents at small population size. The knowledge we have to date suggests that habitat disturbance and alien species invasion are probably the major factors affecting native spiders in the islands. For a given natural community, the ability of species to accommodate habitat perturbation may be related more to the novelty of the perturbation than to its apparent severity. Although native spiders appear to tolerate disruption of the species composition of the native vegetation, evidence suggests that they are severely impacted by alien arthropod predators, in particular social hymenoptera, a group not represented among native Hawaiian arthropods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009654820519
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Refining a conservation plan for an endangered lycaednid butterfly, Acrodipsas myrmecophila, in Victoria, Australia (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of insect conservation 1 (1997), S. 65-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9753
    Keywords: ants ; mutualism ; myrmecophily ; monitoring ; invertebrate survey ; status evaluation.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018431009427
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    REVIEW: Lycaenid-ant interactions of the Maculinea type: tracing their historical roots in a comparative framework (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of insect conservation 2 (1998), S. 3-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9753
    Keywords: ants ; communication ; parasitism ; mutualism ; specificity.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract Parasitic relationships between lycaenid butterfly larvae and ants are contrasted with the more common, and ancestral, mutualistic butterfly-ant associations. Three types of lycaenid-ant parasitism can be recognized: (i) the Miletinae type (derived from predation on Homoptera); (ii) the Aphnaeini type (derived from obligate and specific mutualism or commensalism); and (iii) the Maculinea type (derived from facultative mutualism, only represented by the genera Maculinea and Lepidochrysops). Parasitic lycaenid-ant interactions are rare (37 confirmed recorded cases worldwide) and are mostly confined to single species, or small species-groups, in larger non-parasitic clades. Only the two genera representing the Maculinea type have undergone substantial radiation. Ant-parasitic lycaenids predominantly occur in highly seasonal habitats with an extended unfavourable dry or cold season. These observations suggest that (a) parasitic interactions are relatively unstable in evolutionary time, and (b) their evolution usually started with caterpillars seeking shelter in ant nests. Ecological and zoogeographical data for species of the Glaucopsychiti (of which Maculinea forms a part) are compiled and used to discuss the evolutionary origin of ant-parasitism in Maculinea butterflies in a comparative framework. These comparisons suggest that (a) Maculinea evolved from facultative unspecific ant-mutualists, (b) the loss of larval tentacle organs is primarily related to their endophytic feeding habits, (c) that Lamiaceae were the hostplants of ancestral Maculinea, and (d) that Maculinea evolved in eastern central Asia. Further phylogenetic and biogeographical analyses are required to quantitatively test these possibilities. © Rapid Science Ltd. 1998
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009618721239
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