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  • Artikel  (14)
  • Conceptual design  (9)
  • oxidation
  • Springer  (14)
  • American Chemical Society
  • 1995-1999  (14)
  • Technik allgemein  (14)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Information management for integrated design environments (1995)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 11 (1995), S. 227-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Schlagwort(e): Conceptual design ; Design process ; Design studies ; Engineering information systems ; Product data
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Maschinenbau , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract This paper identifies requirements for an engineering design information management system. Future CAD systems must support a wide range of activities — such as definition, manipulation and analyses of complex product information models. These models represent not only conventional data associated with current CAD applications, but also design information characterizing the correlations between the requirements, functions, behaviors and physical form of the product. Such functionality is important for both the individual designer and the design organization, as the need to manage information as a corporate asset is becoming a critical component of business strategy. This paper explores these needs using two design studies. The first study illustrates some major concepts relative to non-routine design activities, while the second study focuses on the routine design activities relative to organization interactions. These studies were used to elicit high level requirements which serve as the basis for the development of prototype software systems. These prototypes are briefly introduced here.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01208816
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Automated generation and analysis of dynamic system designs (1998)
    Springer
    Research in engineering design 10 (1998), S. 15-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Schlagwort(e): Automated generation ; Conceptual design ; Genetic algorithms
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract This research uses Genetic Algorithms (GA) to suggest new dynamic systems based on topological remapping of system constituents. The bondgraph representation of the dynamic system behavior is evolved by the operators encapsulated in the genetic algorithms to meet the specified design criteria. The resultant evolved graph is assembled by designers with schemes to produce design variants. Behavioral transformation and structural transformation are adopted as strategies to generate design variants that extend beyond the scope of parametric design into innovative design. Behavioral transformation involves changes in the structure of the representation graphs, while maintaining the functions. Structural transformation involves changes in the components and the subsystems represented by the graph fragments. GAs are used to implement the operators of the transformation to search the problem-solution space because GAs are very robust search routines. Further, since the goal is to generate many solutions, genetic speciation is used to diverge the search so as to uncover other desirable solutions. The dynamic systems are modeled using bond graphs. Bond graphs provide a unified approach to the analysis, synthesis and evaluation of dynamic engineering systems. Though the scope of this investigation is limited to systems represented by bond graphs, the domain is wide enough to include many interesting applications like pump systems and vibration isolation systems.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01580267
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kinematic synthesis with configuration spaces (1995)
    Springer
    Research in engineering design 7 (1995), S. 193-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Schlagwort(e): Conceptual design ; Configuration ; Constraint programming ; Spaces & Qualitative physics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract This paper introduces a new approach to the conceptual design of mechanical systems from qualitative specifications of behavior. The power of the approach stems from the integration of techniques in qualitative physics and constraint programming. We illustrate the approach with an effective kinematic synthesis method that reasons with qualitative representations of configuration spaces using constraint programming.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01638099
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A semi-analytic approach to robust design in the conceptual design phase (1996)
    Springer
    Research in engineering design 8 (1996), S. 229-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Schlagwort(e): Conceptual design ; Design variability ; Parameter design ; Robust design ; Sensitivity analysis ; System design
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract One of the most important contributions to quality engineering over the last decades is the concept of robust design and its accomplishment through the use of various experimental methods. However, the prerequisite for successful parameter design in terms of a robust solution principle is seldom discussed. Methods that explicitly aid robust design in the conceptual design phase exist but are few. This article forwards the suggestion to use the principles behind the error transmission formula as a semi-analytic method for evaluation of robustness of concept solutions, prior to entering Taguchi's parameter design stage.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01597229
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mechanism concept retrieval using configuration space (1997)
    Springer
    Research in engineering design 9 (1997), S. 99-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Schlagwort(e): Computer-aided design ; Conceptual design ; Database ; Mechanism design ; Qualitative configuration space ; Spatial reasoning
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract When designing mechanisms, making use of examples in past designs and handbooks should lead to cost reduction by promoting the sharing of parts and subassemblies among the products as well as reduction of time and effort. At present, however, the process of surveying design examples is left almost entirely to human designers and little computerised aid has been developed. We propose a computerised method of retrieving mechanism concepts from a library by specifying a required behaviour using qualitative configuration space as a retrieval index. First, mechanism concepts and their kinematics characteristics are described and stored in a computerised library using qualitative configuration spaces accompanined by additional information such as motion type and motion transmission direction. To retrieve mechanism concepts which realise specific kinematic behaviour, designers specify the required behaviour as timing charts of given input and intended output motions. Motion types, motion transmission direction, and motion speed dependence of the input and output motions can also be specified. Computer programs translate the required timing charts into required locus patterns in motion parameter space, and then available mechanism concepts to realise the behaviour are retrieved based on pattern matching between the qualitative configuration spaces and the locus patterns. The method is implemented as an experimental computer program written in Prolog and applied to simple mechanism design problems as examples to confirm the effectiveness of the approach.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01596485
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A tool for the conceptual design of production and operations systems (1997)
    Springer
    Research in engineering design 9 (1997), S. 146-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Schlagwort(e): Conceptual design ; Ideation ; Inferential design theory ; Operations systems ; Production systems
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract This paper proposes a conceptual design tool, based upon inferential design theory. It has been specifically developed for the design of production and operations systems, but its use can be extended to other engineering areas, such as mechanical and structural systems. Inferential design theory and its foundation in the inferential theory of learning are briefly outlined. Both theories are based on the idea of using specialised knowledge operators in learning and design, termed knowledge transmutations and design knowledge transmutations respectively. The 24 transmutations existing in the two theories are outlined, and a further 12 design-specific transmutations are proposed. These have been developed as a result of our research. A conceptual design process is proposed, in which design knowledge transmutations are used. A software tool for design, CREDO, is also described and an example of its use in the generation of design concepts for an after-sales service facility is presented. The conclusions discuss the initial methodological experience of using CREDO to generate design concepts. They are based on the introductory use of CREDO at Technion in Israel for teaching purposes. Directions for further research are also provided.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01596600
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Tetrachlorosilane Consumption in Radio Frequency Glow Discharge (1998)
    Springer
    Plasma chemistry and plasma processing 18 (1998), S. 509-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8986
    Schlagwort(e): RF SiCl4 discharge ; mass spectrometry ; kinetics ; decomposition ; oxidation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract Time-resolved mass spectrometry was used for analysis of the plasma reactions in radio frequency (RF) SiCl 4 and SiCl 4 −O 2 discharges as functions of starting partial pressure and electrical power. Molecular concentrations of the reactants and products from SiCl 4 alone and with O 2 were obtained from the mass spectra and used for plotting the kinetic curves. The SiCl 4 and O 2 consumption rates were calculated from the kinetic curves and compared with results of theoretical simulation of the reaction. Direct electron impact decomposition was found to be the main pathway for pure SiCl 4 conversion. On the contrary, the consumption of SiCl 4 in the SiCl 4 +O 2 mixtures was largely chemical. The experimental macrokinetics are in agreement with a model in which oxidation is caused by the atomic oxygen.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021811316740
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxidation of Styrene in a Silent Discharge Plasma (1999)
    Springer
    Plasma chemistry and plasma processing 19 (1999), S. 131-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8986
    Schlagwort(e): Styrene ; oxidation ; silent discharge ; plasma ; dielectric barrier
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract A silent discharge plasma reactor has been developed to study the oxidation of styrene vapor in argon/oxygen mixtures. A number of analytical techniques were employed to determine the destruction efficiency and to characterize the intermediate products. The destruction efficiency was measured as a function of initial styrene concentration, temperature, and energy density of the plasma. The formation of solid products was observed in most experiments. At low temperature (100°C), the solid deposit was polymeric in nature, while at high temperature (300°C) the solid appeared to be amorphous carbon. A combination of high temperature and high energy density resulted in high destruction efficiency and minimal production of solid films. The destruction efficiency vs. energy density is shown to be more complex than a simple model predicting exponential behavior. Several reasons for the discrepancy are suggested. The “e-folding” energy density for the destruction of styrene is compared to literature values for other organic compounds, measured using similar types of plasma reactors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021812201545
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxidation of Dilute Benzene in an Alumina Hybrid Plasma Reactor at Atmospheric Pressure (1999)
    Springer
    Plasma chemistry and plasma processing 19 (1999), S. 383-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8986
    Schlagwort(e): Nonthermal plasma ; benzene ; Al2O3 ; BaTiO3 ; oxidation ; absorption ; atmospheric pressure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract The combination of plasma discharge and adsorption was examined for oxidation of dilute benzene in air in a plasma reactor packed with a mixture of BaTiO 3 pellets and porous Al 2 O 3 pellets (i.e., an alumina hybrid reactor). The oxidative decomposition of benzene was enhanced by the benzene concentrating on the Al 2 O 3 pellets. Furthermore, there was a higher selectivity to CO 2 in the products from the hybrid than from a plasma reactor packed with BaTiO 3 pellets alone. The presence of the Al 2 O 3 pellets suppressed the formation of N 2 O.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021820403362
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxidation and Reduction Processes During NO x Removal with Corona-Induced Nonthermal Plasma (1999)
    Springer
    Plasma chemistry and plasma processing 19 (1999), S. 421-443 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8986
    Schlagwort(e): Streamer corona ; NO x removal ; nonthermal plasma ; oxidation ; reduction
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract In this paper, the NO-to-NO 2 conversion in various gaseous mixtures is experimentally investigated. Streamer coronas are produced with a dc-superimposed high-frequency ac power supply (10–60 kHz). According to NO x removal experiments in N 2 +NO x and N 2 +O 2 +NO x gaseous mixtures, it is supposed that the reverse reaction NO 2 +O→NO+O 2 may not only limit NO 2 production in N 2 +NO x mixtures, but also increase the energy cost for NO removal. Oxygen could significantly suppress reduction reactions and enhance oxidation processes. The reduction reactions, such as N+NO→N 2 +O, induce negligible NO removal provided the O 2 concentration is larger than 3.6%. With adding H 2 O into the reactor, the produced NO 2 per unit removed NO can be significantly reduced due to NO 2 oxidation. NH 3 injection could also significantly decrease the produced NO 2 via NH and NH 2 - related reduction reactions. Almost 100% of NO 2 can be removed in gaseous mixtures of N 2 +O 2 +H 2 O+NO 2 with negligible NO production.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021824504271
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Universal Correlation of Nitrogen 1s and Oxygen 1s Photoelectron Binding Energies with Chemical Composition in Nitrogen-Containing Plasma Polymers (1999)
    Springer
    Plasmas and polymers 4 (1999), S. 283-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8978
    Schlagwort(e): Plasma polymers ; oxidation ; XPS ; photoelectron binding energy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract The incorporation of oxygen into nitrogen-containing plasma deposited polymers was studied by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). As the oxygen content of the plasma polymer increased, the binding energy of the N 1s photoelectrons increased. Conversely, the binding energy of the O 1s photoelectrons was inversely proportional to the nitrogen content of the plasma polymer. The data from a large number of samples all obeyed the same “universal” correlations of photoelectron binding energy versus chemical composition. The data were described by the same curve regardless of whether the oxygen was incorporated rapidly into the thin film during plasma deposition or whether the oxygen was added slowly during spontaneous oxidation of the film in air. This implies that the same thermodynamic principles of radical reactions governed the addition of oxygen to the plasma polymer. The shift in the O 1s and N 1s photoelectron binding energies as a function of chemical composition was used to monitor the proximity of nitrogen and oxygen. By contrasting the experimental data with a simple binomial model which described the random addition of oxygen to a lattice containing carbon and nitrogen, we were able to show that oxygen was preferentially added near nitrogen-containing groups in plasma polymers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021831527895
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An approach to functional synthesis of solutions in mechanical conceptual design. Part III: Spatial configuration (1996)
    Springer
    Research in engineering design 8 (1996), S. 116-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Schlagwort(e): Computer aided design ; Conceptual design ; Concept generation ; Constraint propagation ; Functional modelling ; Functional reasoning ; Functional synthesis ; Mechanical design ; Spatial configuration ; Spatial reasoning ; Transmission design
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract These three papers describe an approach to the synthesis of solutions to a class of mechanical design problems; these involve transmission and transformation of mechanical forces and motion, and can be described by a set of inputs and outputs. The approach involves(1) identifying a set of primary functional elements and rules of combining them, and(2) developing appropriate representations and reasoning procedures for synthesizing solution concepts using these elements and their combination rules; these synthesis procedures can produce an exhaustive set of solution concepts, in terms of their topological as well as spatial configurations, to a given design problem. This paper (Part III) describes a constraint propagation procedure which, using a knowledge base of spatial information about a set of primary functional elements, can produce possible spatial configurations of solution concepts generated in Part II.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01607865
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Recursive annealing: A computational model for machine design (1995)
    Springer
    Research in engineering design 7 (1995), S. 102-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Schlagwort(e): Abstraction ; Conceptual design ; Design theory ; Grammars ; Simulated annealing
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract We propose a model for optimally directed conceptual design of machines in which the transformation of function to form occurs iteratively along an abstraction continuum. An algorithm called FFREADA is introduced as a computational implementation of the model. FFREADA is a grammar-based optimizing design algorithm that uses recursive simulated annealing to generate optimally directed designs. During FFREADA's design process, the mapping of function to form is accomplished using an abstraction grammar production system and a predefined library of function and form entities. FFREADA also has a random design generation mode that can be used to record data to characterize the space of design solutions. FFREADA is demonstrated by designing an idealized power supply using a variety of performance objectives. Results show the algorithm able to explore and record information about a tractably infinite design space before converging to the optimal design.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01606905
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Interactive prototyping—a challenge for computer based design (1997)
    Springer
    Research in engineering design 9 (1997), S. 10-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Schlagwort(e): Conceptual design ; Computation ; Interaction ; Prototyping ; Modelling
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract In the earliest stages of engineering design, where ideas and vague tasks predominate, the dynamics of interaction in creating and organising ideas are at least as important as the rather static and precise requirements for decision-making and for defining the product. A fundamentally different approach to the way that computers are programmed, in which computation is subordinated to interaction, provides new ways of modelling that are not constrained by preconceived modes of input and output. Models created by these means are extensible, reusable, multi-agent or concurrent. The user can construct and interact with a ‘virtual prototype’ as one might work up a physical prototype. The emphasis of the approach is manipulation and observation of application-specific knowledge, in an experimental environment that human users construct to mirror their own experience of the real world. The modelling method allows knowledge to be modified on line by the intervention of the modeller. The process offers immediate experience of the model behaviour and allows refinement of the design according to many viewpoints. It also assists in the decomposition of a system requirement into component requirements.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01607054
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