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  • Articles  (8)
  • conservation.  (5)
  • Carnap  (3)
  • Springer  (8)
  • American Chemical Society
  • 1995-1999  (8)
  • Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science  (8)
Collection
  • Articles  (8)
Source
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (8)
  • American Chemical Society
Years
  • 1995-1999  (8)
Year
Topic
  • Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science  (8)
  • Biology  (6)
  • Philosophy  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the Logical Positivists' Theory of Truth: The Fundamental Problem and a New Perspective (1999)
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 30 (1999), S. 101-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Keywords: concept of truth ; criterion of truth ; protocol sentence ; linguistic framework ; formal and material mode of speech ; ontology ; structure ; logical syntax ; semantics ; internal and external questions ; existence ; fact ; reality ; world ; Carnap ; Hempel ; Neurath ; Schlick
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract The present article purports to show that the protocol sentence debate, pursued by some leading members of the Vienna Circle in the mid-1930s, was essentially a controversy over the explanation and the real significance of the concept of truth. It is further shown that the fundamental issue underlying the discussions about the concept of truth was the relationship between form and content, as well as between logic/language and the world. R. Carnap was the philosopher who most explicitly and systematically attempted to come to grips with this problem. It is shown that the form-content distinction pervades the three most important phases of Carnap's philosophical development: the structuralist (in Der logische Aufbau der Welt), the syntactical and the semantical. His final semantical stance is essentially determined by the concept of linguistic frameworks. The article purports to demonstrate that this concept cannot be dispensed with in philosophy, but that Carnap failed to work out its ontological implications. Finally, the concept of an internal ontology is briefly delineated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008286204460
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Positivism's heir (1995)
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 26 (1995), S. 25-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Keywords: Positivism ; Carnap ; realism ; instrumentalism ; strict empiricism ; Vienna Circle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Summary Several lines of argument support the notion that the legacy of positivism (if cast in terms of the realist/instrumentalist debate) is more realist than not. Work by Joia Lewis and Alberto Coffa on both Schlick and Carnap is cited, and contemporary work from Van Fraassen and Boyd briefly alluded to. Note is made of the differences within contemporary realist theory, and it is included that Carnap's essay “Empiricism, Semantics and Ontology” is crucial for resolution of the debate. In closing it is noted that the spirit of much of the original positivist work reinforced the contention than those who work within the framework of science do in fact accept the reality of key scientific entities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01130924
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Idealistische Häresien in der Wissenschaftsphilosophie: Cassirer, Carnap und Kuhn (1999)
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 30 (1999), S. 233-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Keywords: Carnap ; Cassirer ; Kuhn ; idealism ; logical empiricism ; (post)positivist philosophy of science
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract Idealist Heresies in Philosophy of Science: Cassirer, Carnap, and Kuhn. As common wisdom has it, philosophy of science in the analytic tradition and idealist philosophy are incompatible. Usually, not much effort is spent for explaining what is to be understood by idealism. Rather, it is taken for granted that idealism is an obsolete and unscientific philosophical account. In this paper it is argued that this thesis needs some qualification. Taking Carnap and Kuhn as paradigmatic examples of positivist and postpositivist philosophies of science it is shown that these accounts share important features with Cassirer's idealist philosophy of science developed in the first half of this century. As it turns out, often Cassirer is more modern than those classical philosophers of (post)posivitist philosophy of science. For instance, Quine's criticism against Carnap's empiricist philosophy of science launched in Two Dogmas of Empiricism is anticipated by Cassirer for several decades.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008306511856
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Host plant utilization by butterfly larvae in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Indian Ocean) (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of insect conservation 1 (1997), S. 235-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9753
    Keywords: butterfly larvae ; larval food plants ; conservation.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract The larval food plants of the butterflies of the Andaman and Nicobar islands have not been studied, although the butterfly fauna per se is fairly well known. For the first time we report the food plants of the larvae of 120 species of butterflies from these islands on the basis of laboratory rearing and field studies. This information is essential for the formulation of management programmes for butterfly conservation on these islands which are known to harbour critical swallowtail and (possibly) danaine faunas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018424302583
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The taxonomic impediment in orthopteran research and conservation (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of insect conservation 2 (1998), S. 151-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9753
    Keywords: Orthoptera ; biodiversity ; taxonomy ; conservation.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract It is estimated that only 10–15% of the world's insect fauna has been described and named. Efforts to inventory insect biodiversity are hampered by this taxonomic impediment, which is compounded by the logistical problems of an insufficient taxonomic workforce and their remote location in museums thousands of miles from the areas of highest biodiversity. Compared to most other invertebrate groups however, the taxonomic impediment is relatively benign in the order Orthoptera. This is a small to medium-sized order (approximately 20 000 described species) which is well known taxonomically, owing to the group's agricultural importance worldwide. Furthermore, orthopteran taxonomists are now fortunate to have a published up-to-date catalogue of all known species, which has just become accessible as a regularly updated database on the World Wide Web. Whilst new information technology, in the form of e-mail networks, World Wide Web sites and CD-ROM information archives, is already enhancing communication between specialists and helping to reduce the logistical problems of documenting orthopteran biodiversity, a major reinvestment in basic taxonomic research is needed if we are to reduce the existing taxonomic impediment significantly. There is general agreement that an internationally coordinated approach will be necessary and priorities must be set to tackle the biodiversity/systematics crisis. In the future, the Orthoptera can make an important contribution to invertebrate faunal surveys and have potential as an indicator taxon. Furthermore, the Orthoptera Species File establishes a taxonomic framework which could be readily enlarged to include geographic data and phenology of species from existing museum specimens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009633811789
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of management on butterflies of rare grassland ecosystems in Germany (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of insect conservation 1 (1997), S. 125-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9753
    Keywords: grazing ; mowing ; fens ; hay-meadows ; conservation.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract Traditional hay-meadows in the Alps and fens at the edge of the Alps are habitats for many rare and endangered butterfly species. Conservation efforts aim at preserving these species, but the biotopes depend on regular mowing, which in turn requires intensive financial support. The feasibility of substituting mowing of these sites by grazing is discussed and considered as a more cost effective management type which produces agriculturally valuable goods as well. In this study the butterfly fauna of mown and grazed sites were compared. Species composition, species number, and the occurrence of rare species under the two management types were in most cases rather similar for both grassland ecosystems. Nevertheless, there are hints that for single rare species this might not be true. Additionally, at one site, grazing intensity on a former hay-meadow was too high to preserve the species-rich community. Overall the results are encouraging: grazing does not have to be as detrimental as formerly thought, although details (compartments of pastures, intensity) still have to be confirmed. Experimental grazing management of aban-doned grasslands of the studied types should be started.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018443412153
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Patch occupancy in Coenonympha tullia (Muller, 1764) (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae): habitat quality matters as much as patch size and isolation (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of insect conservation 1 (1997), S. 167-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9753
    Keywords: metapopulations ; butterflies ; biogeography ; conservation.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract Patch occupancy by Coenonympha tullia has been surveyed in 166 sites in Northumberland, UK. It was found in 117 of them and absent in 37. Weather conditions were too poor to determine its presence at a further 12 sites. Differences in habitat quality among sites account for patch occupancy as successfully (R2 = 48%) as isolation and patch size jointly (R2 = 46%). This finding has relevance for metapopulation studies as it demonstrates that greater attention should be given to differences in habitat quality among patches beyond their size and distance from one another. Together, habitat quality, patch size and isolation account for 61% of the variation in C. tullia occupancy of sites and discriminant analysis produces a correct classification for 〉 88% of sites. Habitat quality and patch size jointly account for much the same variance, and result in the same classification of the twelve sites excluded from analysis, as they do in conjunction with patch isolation. This result suggests that there is potential for predicting changes in occupancy of sites from site specific data in the face of changes to biotopes, such as planned exploitation and deterioration of sites from other causes including climate change and management practices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018455714879
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Translocating a threatened New Zealand giant orthopteran, Deinacrida sp. (Stenopelmatidae): some lessons (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of insect conservation 2 (1998), S. 195-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9753
    Keywords: Orthoptera ; Anostostomatidae ; Deinacrida ; translocation ; conservation.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract Experiences from the first efforts to translocate an orthopteran, the Mahoenui giant weta (Deinacrida sp.), are described. Some of the problems included monitoring at low densities, transferred weta dispersing and coordinating the different components of the translocation programme over a long period of time. Options for translocation are discussed, such as using wild-caught or captive-bred animals. Techniques of release, such as immediate release or using an enclosure on the release site, allowing transferees to breed, then releasing their progeny, are also discussed. It was concluded that the latter was probably the most effective approach to translocation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009664301311
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