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  • Articles  (229)
  • Triticum aestivum  (229)
  • Springer  (229)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Public Library of Science
  • 1995-1999  (229)
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  • Articles  (229)
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  • Springer  (229)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Public Library of Science
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A novel approach to the analysis of the initiation of embryo development in gramineae (1995)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 8 (1995), S. 266-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; Alloplasmic lines ; Apomixis ; Parthenogenesis ; Protein patterns ; 2-D gel electrophoresis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An in vivo model system to study the initiation of embryo development is presented. From the so-called Salmon system of wheat (alloplasmic lines with a 1BL-1RS chromosome translocation), three completely isogenic and homozygous lines were produced by selection for uniformity in about 20 selfing/backcross generations as well as between sublines of doubled haploids. The line (aestivum)-Salmon is male fertile and sexual. The lines (caudata)-Salmon and (kotschyi)-Salmon are male sterile and have a parthenogenetic capacity of about 90%. The expression of nuclear-cytoplasmic male sterility is different for the two parthenogenetic lines. The initiation of autonomous embryo development at defined developmental stages of the ovaries and the maximum degree of parthenogenesis are identical in both parthenogenetic lines as proved by the auxin test and progeny analyses. The protein patterns from ovary extracts of the three isogenic lines were identical for more than 200 spots of 2-D polyacrylamide gels, confirming their homogeneity. However, one protein (P 115.1) was found 3 days before and during anthesis only in ovaries of the parthenogenetic lines. It seems to be involved in the initiation of parthenogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229382
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early signs of disruption of wheat anther development associated with the induction of male sterility by meiotic-stage water deficit (1997)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 10 (1997), S. 40-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Key words Male sterility ; Starch ; Triticum aestivum ; Water stress ; Anther ; Pollen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Water deficit during meiosis in microspore mother cells of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) induces male sterility, which reduces grain yield. In plants stressed during meiosis and then re-watered, division of microspore mother cells seems to proceed normally, but subsequent pollen development is arrested. Stress-affected anthers generally lack starch. We employed light microscopy in conjunction with histochemistry to compare the developmental anatomy of water-stress-affected and normal anthers. The earliest effects of stress, detectable between meiosis and young microspore stages, were the degeneration of meiocytes, loss of orientation of the reproductive cells, and abnormal vacuolization of tapetal cells. Other effects observed during subsequent developmental stages were deposition of starch in the connective tissue where it is normally not present, hypertrophy of the middle layer or endothecial cells, and deposition of sporopollenin-like substances in the anther loculus. The resulting pollen grains lacked both starch and intine. These results suggest that abnormal degeneration of the tapetum in water-stressed anthers coupled with a loss of orientation of the reproductive cells could be part of early events leading to abortion of microspores.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004970050066
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro development of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from zygote to plant via ovule culture (1997)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 16 (1997), S. 663-667 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key words Embryogenesis ; Ovule culture ; Triticum aestivum ; Zygote
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Ovules of the wheat breeding line Veery #5 were excised and transferred to culture within 24 h after pollination. When ovules were cultured on Phytagel-solidified medium, and the pericarp removed exclusively at the micropylar tip and the abaxial side, zygotes from up to 79.2% of the ovules underwent embryogenesis with the same developmental pattern as found in planta. Embryos from more than 50% of the cultured ovules germinated when transferred to regeneration medium. More than 100 plantlets were randomly chosen for transfer to soil, all of which developed to phenotypically normal and fertile plants. With this system, the entire process of zygotic embryogenesis can be studied using living material. Furthermore, the method could be used as an embryo rescue technique for plant breeding purposes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050298
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of light on the accumulation of abscisic acid and expression of an early cysteine-labeled metallothionein gene in microspores of Triticum aestivum during induced embryogenic development (1997)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 16 (1997), S. 458-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key words Abscisic acid ; Anther culture ; Light ; Metallothionein ; Pollen embryogenesis ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A cloned cDNA to the wheat (Triticum aestivum) early cysteine-labeled metallothionein has many characteristics of a molecular marker for pollen embryogenesis in this plant. This transcript was not detected in uninucleate microspores at the time of culture or in pollen at any stage during normal ontogeny; its mRNA did begin to increase in embryogenic microspores within 6 h of culture, peaked at around 24 h, declined, then leveled off through the 21-day-old embryoid stage. Additionally, the accumulation of the embryoid-abundant EcMt gene transcript showed a direct and positive correlation with an increase of ABA in embryogenic microspores and developing pollen embryoids. Irradiating cultures with high intensity white light or with far-red, or blue light, suppressed EcMt transcript accumulation and the ability of microspores to form embryoids; however, light did not affect ABA concentrations during the early stages of culture. These results suggest that although a promoter of pollen embryogenesis in bread wheat, ABA alone cannot maintain the sporophytic differentiation of microspores subjected to inhibitory regimes of light in vitro. Whether or not light acts directly or indirectly in suppressing EcMt gene expression and pollen embryogenesis remains unknown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01092766
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ozone effects on dry matter partitioning and chlorophyll fluorescence during plant development of wheat (1995)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 85 (1995), S. 1461-1466 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: ozone ; wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; growth ; senescence ; biomass partitioning ; photosynthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract In closed-chamber fumigation experiments dry matter partitioning and chlorophyll fluorescence of wheat were studied, analysing the effects of ozone during different stages of plant development. Ozone causes enhanced leaf senescence, leading to a loss of green leaf area and, consequently to a decreased supply of assimilates, affecting (in increasing order of severeness) stem, ear and grain productivity because of reduced storage pools for translocation. Leaves of plants before shooting stage were most sensitive but the lack of green leaf area after ear emergence had the most pronounced effects on grain yield. Measurements of photochemical capacity showed that evidence for negative ozone effects could be found in changes of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in leaf sections not yet showing visible ozone injury. Negative effects on photosynthesis were more distinct with increasing accumulated ozone dose, with increasing age of leaf tissue and with increasing ozone sensitivity of the cultivar. The changes in chlorophyll fluorescence are most likely to be explained by a decreased pool size of plastoquinones caused by ozone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00477187
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An extrachromosomal fragment of telomeric DNA in wheat (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 27 (1995), S. 435-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: buoyant separation ; cloning ; extrachromosomal DNA ; germination ; telomere ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A procedure developed orginally for selective extraction of viral (extrachromosomal) DNA from virus-infected mammalian cells was applied to cell nuclei isolated from uninfected wheat embryos. The resulting nuclear extrachromosomal DNA (exDNA) was enriched for telomere-type sequences by isopycnic centrifugation and inserted into the Sma I site of pUC119. A cloned DNA fragment (241 bp) was found to consist primarily of tandemly repeated heptamere units of the same sequence (5′-CCCTAAA-3′) that is known to predominate in telomeric DNA of Arabidopsis thaliana. Hybridization experiments indicate that extrachromosomal telomeric repeats are abundant in resting embryos and disappear rapidly during germination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00020198
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation of two differentially expressed wheat ACC synthase cDNAs and the characterization of one of their genes with root-predominant expression (1996)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 31 (1996), S. 1009-1020 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: ACC synthase ; differential expression ; ethylene ; root-specific expression ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two partial 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase cDNA clones (pWAS1, 1089 bp; andpWAS3, 779 bp) were isolated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using cDNA to total mRNA purified from etiolated wheat seedlings as template and degenerate oligonucleotides synthesized based on the regions of the ACC synthase amino acid sequence that are highly conserved among different plants. Northern analysis showed that the expression of the corresponding genes are differentially regulated. While the transcripts ofpWAS1 were found in all the tissues of wheat that were tested with a maximum level at the early stages of spike development,pWAS3 mRNA was present almost exclusively in the root. A 5590-bp genomic clone,TA-ACS2, corresponding topWAS3 cDNA has been isolated. TheTA-ACS2 sequence consists of a 589-bp 5′-upstream region, 2743 bp of transcribed region with four exons and three introns and a 3′-downstream region of 2257 bp. Expression inEscherichia coli confirmed the ACC synthase activity of TA-ACS2 polypeptide. Sequence comparisons show that the two wheat ACC synthases are more similar to each other and to the rice ACC synthase,OS-ACS1, at the nucleotide level than at the amino acid level. The amino acid sequence of TA-ACS2 is most similar (66.1% identity) to that of broccoli. The chromosomal location of both wheat ACC synthase genes have been determined by aneuploid analysis.TA-ACS1 is located on the short arm of chromosomes 7A and 7D and on the long arm of chromosome 4A.TA-ACS2 is located on the long arm of homoeologous group 2 chromosomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00040719
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in abundance of an abscisic acid-responsive, early cysteine-labeled metallothionein transcript during pollen embryogenesis in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) (1996)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 32 (1996), S. 823-829 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: abscisic acid ; early cysteine-labeled protein ; fluridone ; metallothioneins ; pollen embryogenesis ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A clone for an embryoid-abundant, early cysteine-labeled metallothionein (EcMt) gene has been isolated from a wheat pollen embryoid cDNA library. The transcript of this gene was only expressed in embryogenic microspores, pollen embryoids, and developing zygotic embryos of wheat. Accumulation of the EcMt mRNA showed a direct and positive correlation with an increase of the plant hormone, abscisic acid (ABA) in developing pollen embryoids. Treating cultures with an inhibitor of ABA biosynthesis, fluridone, suppressed not only ABA accumulation but also the appearance of the EcMt gene transcript and the ability of microspores to form embryoids. These results suggest that the EcMt gene may act as a molecular marker for pollen embryogenesis because ABA biosynthesis is accompanied by the increased expression of the EcMt transcript that coincides with the differentiation of pollen embryoids in wheat anther cultures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00020480
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Developmental, circadian and light regulation of wheat ferredoxin gene expression (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 27 (1995), S. 293-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: ferredoxin ; PetF gene ; circadian rhythm ; light regulation ; wheat ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A genomic clone encoding the precursor of wheat leaf ferredoxin has been isolated and characterised. The uninterrupted PetF gene encodes a polypeptide of 143 amino acid residues, consisting of an N-terminal presequence of 46 amino acid residues and a mature polypeptide of 97 amino acid residues. Southern blot analysis suggests that six copies of the PetF gene are present in the wheat haploid genome. Northern blot analysis has shown that the genes are both developmentally and light regulated in wheat seedlings and provides evidence that a circadian rhythm regulates the steady-state levels of ferredoxin transcripts. The intact wheat gene and several chimeric constructs, containing portions of the 5′-upstream region fused to the β-glucuronidase reporter gene, have been introduced into tobacco plants, but levels of β-glucuronidase activity above background were not detected, suggesting that the 5′-upstream region is unable to function as a promoter in tobacco plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00020184
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A recombinant wheat serpin with inhibitory activity (1996)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 30 (1996), S. 673-677 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: cDNA sequence ; chymotrypsin inhibitor ; histidine-tag ; protein Z ; serpin ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A full-length clone encoding the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) serpin WSZ1 was isolated from a cDNA library based on mRNA from immature grain. The 398 amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNA was corroborated by sequencing CNBr peptides of WSZ1 purified from resting grain. WSZ1 belongs to the subfamily of protein Z-type serpins and the amino acid sequence is 70% identical with the barley serpins BSZ4 and BSZx and 27–33% identical with human serpins such as α1-proteinase inhibitor, antithrombin III, and plasminogen activator inhibitor. The cDNA was subcloned in the pET3d expression vector, equipped with a histidine affinity tag at the N-terminus and expressed in Escherichia coli BL(21) DE3 pLysS. Recombinant WSZ1 from the soluble fraction was partially purified on Ni-NTA agarose and MonoQ columns and shown to form SDS-stable complexes with α-chymotrypsin. Southern blots and amino acid sequencing indicated that only few serpins are encoded by wheat, but at least three distinct genes are expressed in the grain. Cleavage experiments on a chymotrypsin column suggested a Gln-Gln reactive site bond not previously observed in inhibitory serpins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00049343
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