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  • American Physical Society  (60,609)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  • 1995-1999  (69,470)
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  • 1
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    Is Warming Trend Harming Penguins? (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 276 (5320). p. 1790.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-15
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Decadal Trends in the North Atlantic Oscillation: Regional Temperatures and Precipitation (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 269 (5224). pp. 676-679.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-10
    Description: Greenland ice-core data have revealed large decadal climate variations over the North Atlantic that can be related to a major source of low-frequency variability, the North Atlantic Oscillation. Over the past decade, the Oscillation has remained in one extreme phase during the winters, contributing significantly to the recent wintertime warmth across Europe and to cold conditions in the northwest Atlantic. An evaluation of the atmospheric moisture budget reveals coherent large-scale changes since 1980 that are linked to recent dry conditions over southern Europe and the Mediterranean, whereas northern Europe and parts of Scandinavia have generally experienced wetter than normal conditions.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 3
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    Geochemical Consequences of Increased Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide on Coral Reefs (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 284 (5411). pp. 118-120.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-10
    Description: A coral reef represents the net accumulation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) produced by corals and other calcifying organisms. If calcification declines, then reef-building capacity also declines. Coral reef calcification depends on the saturation state of the carbonate mineral aragonite of surface waters. By the middle of the next century, an increased concentration of carbon dioxide will decrease the aragonite saturation state in the tropics by 30 percent and biogenic aragonite precipitation by 14 to 30 percent. Coral reefs are particularly threatened, because reef-building organisms secrete metastable forms of CaCO3, but the biogeochemical consequences on other calcifying marine ecosystems may be equally severe.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 4
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    Glacial Climate in the Tropics (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 272 (5270). pp. 1902-1904.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-16
    Description: During glacial cycles, different parts of the Earth cool by different amounts. A growing collection of evidence has begun to show that cooling in the tropical oceans was greater than previously thought. In his Perspective, Broecker discusses the oxygen isotope evidence reported by Schrag et al. (p. 1930) that indicates that the cooling in deep tropical water was close to the freezing point.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 5
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    A Possible 20th-Century Slowdown of Southern Ocean Deep Water Formation (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 286 (5442). pp. 1132-1135.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-10
    Description: Chlorofluorocarbon-11 inventories for the deep Southern Ocean appear to confirm physical oceanographic and geochemical studies in the Southern Ocean, which suggest that no more than 5 × 106 cubic meters per second of ventilated deep water is currently being produced. This result conflicts with conclusions based on the distributions of the carbon-14/carbon ratio and a quasi-conservative property, PO4 *, in the deep sea, which seem to require an average of about 15 × 106cubic meters per second of Southern Ocean deep ventilation over about the past 800 years. A major reduction in Southern Ocean deep water production during the 20th century (from high rates during the Little Ice Age) may explain this apparent discordance. If this is true, a seesawing of deep water production between the northern Atlantic and Southern oceans may lie at the heart of the 1500-year ice-rafting cycle.
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  • 6
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    Evidence for crystalline water and ammonia ices on Pluto's satellite charon (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-12-30
    Description: Observations have resolved the satellite Charon from its parent planet Pluto, giving separate spectra of the two objects from 1.0 to 2.5 micrometers. The spectrum of Charon is found to be different from that of Pluto, with water ice in crystalline form covering most of the surface of the satellite. In addition, an absorption feature in Charon's spectrum suggests the presence of ammonia ices. Ammonia ice-water ice mixtures have been proposed as the cause of flowlike features observed on the surfaces of many icy satellites. The existence of such ices on Charon may indicate geological activity in the satellite's past.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brown, M E -- Calvin, W M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jan 7;287(5450):107-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10615040" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Ammonia ; Crystallization ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; Ice ; *Pluto ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ; Spectrum Analysis ; Temperature ; *Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Structural basis of Smad2 recognition by the Smad anchor for receptor activation (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-12-30
    Description: The Smad proteins mediate transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) signaling from the transmembrane serine-threonine receptor kinases to the nucleus. The Smad anchor for receptor activation (SARA) recruits Smad2 to the TGFbeta receptors for phosphorylation. The crystal structure of a Smad2 MH2 domain in complex with the Smad-binding domain (SBD) of SARA has been determined at 2.2 angstrom resolution. SARA SBD, in an extended conformation comprising a rigid coil, an alpha helix, and a beta strand, interacts with the beta sheet and the three-helix bundle of Smad2. Recognition between the SARA rigid coil and the Smad2 beta sheet is essential for specificity, whereas interactions between the SARA beta strand and the Smad2 three-helix bundle contribute significantly to binding affinity. Comparison of the structures between Smad2 and a comediator Smad suggests a model for how receptor-regulated Smads are recognized by the type I receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wu, G -- Chen, Y G -- Ozdamar, B -- Gyuricza, C A -- Chong, P A -- Wrana, J L -- Massague, J -- Shi, Y -- CA85171/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jan 7;287(5450):92-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10615055" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Activin Receptors, Type I ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Carrier Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phosphorylation ; Point Mutation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Smad2 Protein ; Trans-Activators/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Zinc Fingers
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    A short Fe-Fe distance in peroxodiferric ferritin: control of Fe substrate versus cofactor decay? (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-12-30
    Description: The reaction of oxygen with protein diiron sites is important in bioorganic syntheses and biomineralization. An unusually short Fe-Fe distance of 2.53 angstroms was found in the diiron (mu-1,2 peroxodiferric) intermediate that forms in the early steps of ferritin biomineralization. This distance suggests the presence of a unique triply bridged structure. The Fe-Fe distances in the mu-1, 2 peroxodiferric complexes that were characterized previously are much longer (3.1 to 4.0 angstroms). The 2.53 angstrom Fe-Fe distance requires a small Fe-O-O angle (approximately 106 degrees to 107 degrees). This geometry should favor decay of the peroxodiferric complex by the release of H2O2 and mu-oxo or mu-hydroxo diferric biomineral precursors rather than by oxidation of the organic substrate. Geometrical differences may thus explain how diiron sites can function either as a substrate (in ferritin biomineralization) or as a cofactor (in O2 activation).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hwang, J -- Krebs, C -- Huynh, B H -- Edmondson, D E -- Theil, E C -- Penner-Hahn, J E -- GM-45205/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-47295/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-58778/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jan 7;287(5450):122-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10615044" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemistry, Physical ; Ferric Compounds/chemistry/*metabolism ; Ferritins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Ferrous Compounds/chemistry/*metabolism ; Fourier Analysis ; Oxygen/*metabolism ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Spectroscopy, Mossbauer ; Spectrum Analysis ; Thermodynamics ; X-Rays
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Equilibrium regained: from nonequilibrium chaos to statistical mechanics (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-12-30
    Description: Far-from-equilibrium, spatially extended chaotic systems have generally eluded analytical solution, leading researchers to consider theories based on a statistical rather than a detailed knowledge of the microscopic length scales. Building on the recent discovery of a separation of length scales between macroscopic behavior and microscopic chaos, a simple far-from-equilibrium spatially extended chaotic system has been studied computationally at intermediate, coarse-grained scales. Equilibrium properties such as Gibbs distributions and detailed balance are recovered at these scales, which suggests that the macroscopic behavior of some far-from-equilibrium systems might be understood in terms of equilibrium statistical mechanics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Egolf, D A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jan 7;287(5450):101-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Nonlinear Studies (MS B258), Theoretical Division and Condensed Matter and Thermal Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA. egolf@cnls.lanl.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10615038" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Mathematics ; *Mechanics ; *Nonlinear Dynamics ; Statistics as Topic ; Thermodynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    The changing morphology and increasing deceleration of supernova 1993J in M81 (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-12-30
    Description: Twenty consecutive Very Long Baseline Interferometry images of supernova 1993J from the time of explosion to the present show the dynamic evolution of the expanding radio shell of an exploded star. High-precision astrometry reveals that the supernova expands isotropically from its explosion center. Systematic changes in the images may reflect a pattern of anisotropies and inhomogeneities in the material left over from the progenitor star. As the shock front sweeps up the material in the surrounding medium, it is increasingly decelerated and influenced by the material. After 5 years, the supernova has slowed to half of its original expansion velocity and may have entered the early stages of the adiabatic phase common in much older supernova remnants in the Milky Way Galaxy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bartel -- Bietenholz -- Rupen -- Beasley -- Graham -- Altunin VI -- Venturi -- Umana -- Cannon -- Conway -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jan 7;287(5450):112-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto M3J 1P3, Ontario, Canada. National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Socorro, NM 87801, USA. Max-Planck-Institut fur Radioastronomie, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Cali.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10615042" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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