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  • Articles  (26)
  • unemployment  (26)
  • Springer  (26)
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • 1995-1999  (26)
  • 1945-1949
  • Economics  (26)
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  • Articles  (26)
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  • Springer  (26)
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unemployment hysteresis - macro evidence from 16 OECD countries (1996)
    Springer
    Empirical economics 21 (1996), S. 589-600 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-8921
    Keywords: Hysteresis ; unemployment ; unit root ; C22 ; E24
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper investigates empirically the presence ofunemployment hysteresis in 16 OECD countries, applying aggregate quarterly unemployment rates covering the past 25 years. Alternative test procedures are discussed and employed, posing both stationarity and hysteresis as null hypotheses. The results suggest that hysteresis effects are highly significant in Australia and Canada, and to a lesser extent also significant in most European countries and in Japan. Only in the USA, the presence of unemployment hysteresis is strongly and consistently rejected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01180703
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inequality and the business cycle: A consumption viewpoint (1999)
    Springer
    Empirical economics 24 (1999), S. 173-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-8921
    Keywords: Key words: Inequality ; consumption ; inflation ; unemployment ; JEL classifications: D31 ; D12 ; E32
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract. Using Consumer Expenditure Survey data, we obtain summary measures of the distributions of income and consumption for each quarter between 1980 and 1994. We find that the trends in the distribution of income and consumption and the response of these trends to changes in inflation and unemployment were similar during this period. We find that unemployment does not significantly affect the inequality measures and that inflation has a progressive effect, i.e., that a decrease in inflation is associated with an increase in inequality. Finally, we find that the relationship between inequality and macroeconomic variables during the 1990s may be similar to the relationship that existed prior to 1980.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001810050050
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Impact of Social Security Reforms on Female Unemployment Compensation Claimants in Ireland (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of law and economics 6 (1998), S. 263-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9990
    Keywords: Ireland ; EU legislation ; social security reforms ; unemployment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Law , Economics
    Notes: Abstract As a result of Ireland's accession to the EU, a series of social security reforms establishing equality of treatment of females and males with regard to entitlement to and rate and duration of receipt of unemployment compensation was implemented during the period 1973 to 1986. Using modern time series econometrics we estimate their impact on the transitions to and from the female unemployment compensation claimant state. The results indicate that the changes had important implications for the level of take-up of unemployment compensation; and for the level, and responsiveness to the determinants, of its relinquishment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008658212701
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative labor market performance of visaed and non-visaed migrants: Pacific islanders in Sydney (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 11 (1998), S. 395-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: Key words: Step-migration ; visa restrictions ; unemployment ; Australia ; JEL classification: F22 ; J64 ; O15
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. Using survey data for Tongan and Samoan migrants in Sydney the effects of visa restrictions on labor market performance of migrants are assessed. Univariate analysis suggests a positive association between unemployment and the unrestricted entry of Samoan step-migrants from New Zealand. A probit model of the determinants of unemployment is estimated with controls for human capital and demographic variables. While human capital endowments are important, visa restrictions do not have a significant effect on either group‘s employability. Implications for policy are discussed highlighting the complementarities between host country immigration policies and foreign aid programs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001480050076
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficient Environmental Taxation Under Worker-Firm Bargaining (1999)
    Springer
    Environmental and resource economics 13 (1999), S. 125-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1502
    Keywords: hiring subsidy ; pollution tax ; unemployment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Economics
    Notes: Abstract We study an economy with free firm entry and unemployment due to firm-worker bargaining over each firm's surplus, and where firms cause pollution that can be reduced by initial investments. An uncompensated increase in the pollution tax reduces pollution but increases unemployment, implying a tradeoff between the two. When tax revenues are used to subsidize either firms' hiring or investments, employment may also increase, creating a ‘double dividend’ from the pollution tax. A pollution tax increase used to subsidize current employment is always less effective than a hiring subsidy, and is totally ineffective when subsidies equal pollution tax revenues for each individual firm. We show that the (hypothetical) pollution tax implementing the first-best solution exceeds the Pigouvian tax. The second-best tax exceeds this first-best tax when we have a double dividend, and is below it when we do not.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008202802250
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pollution, Factor Taxation and Unemployment (1998)
    Springer
    International tax and public finance 5 (1998), S. 379-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6970
    Keywords: factor taxation ; green tax reform ; unemployment ; trade unions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract When consumers choose between clean and dirty goods and the labour market clears, a green tax reform may not bring about a double dividend in the sense of increasing environmental quality and increasing employment. However, when firms choose between clean and dirty factors of production, and when there is unemployment, such a result is very likely to occur. The paper investigates a model of a monopolistic firm where labour and energy are factors of production and trade unions negotiate the wage rate, accepting some unemployment as a result of aggressive wage demands. It is shown that, in such a framework, a green tax reform will boost employment provided it does not increase the net-of-tax wage rate by too much. This is the case when the elasticity of substitution between labour and energy is greater than one, equal to one or not too far below one.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008642512728
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental policy, pollution, unemployment, and endogenous growth (1995)
    Springer
    International tax and public finance 2 (1995), S. 185-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6970
    Keywords: endogenous growth ; pollution ; unemployment ; abatement ; optimal environmental policy ; environmental tax reform
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract The paper develops a model of endogenous economic growth with pollution externalities and a labor market distorted by union monopoly power and by taxes and transfers. We study the optimal second-best pollution tax and abatement policy and find that a shift toward greener preferences will tend to reduce unemployment, although it will hamper growth. We also find that greater labor-market distortions call for higher pollution tax rates. Finally, we show that a switch from quantity control of pollution combined with grandfathering of pollution rights to regulation via emission charges has the potential to raise employment, growth, and welfere without damaging the environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00877496
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Employment and wages with sector-specific shocks and worker moral hazard (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of economics 63 (1996), S. 151-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-7134
    Keywords: efficiency wages ; business cycles ; unemployment ; JEL classification ; E32 ; J23 ; J41 ; J64
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract We study a model of worker moral hazard with identical workers and where sectoral prices are subject to stochastic shocks. When firms are short-run maximizers, employment is shown to be distorted downward relative to the case of certain prices, and more so the higher is the current price. This implies that employment is relatively insensitive to sectoral output-price changes, and that average employment and output are reduced when price volatility increases. When firms can commit to future employment levels, employment is greater in low-demand states (implying “labor hoarding”), and thus even less sensitive to shocks, while average employment is less distorted downward by uncertainty. The model gives a new explanation of how increased sector-specific volatility can lead to output losses, and of the possibility of negative comovements of unemployment and turnover.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01258670
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wage bargaining, labor-tax progression, and welfare (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of economics 66 (1997), S. 127-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-7134
    Keywords: tax progression ; unemployment ; trade unions ; H21 ; H23 ; J51
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper analyzes the effect of labor-tax progression on employment and welfare in an economy with a unionized labor market. The government influences wage bargaining through its tax policies. Wages can be reduced by increasing the marginal labor-tax rate. If there are no restrictions on profit taxation, a first-best optimum with full employment is realized; this first-best optimum can always be implemented by a progressive tax schedule. If profit taxation is restricted, unemployment may arise. For this case, we show that the welfare-maximizing degree of tax progression is influenced by a variety of factors, in particular the wage elasticity of labor demand, the distribution of bargaining power, and the existence of unemployment benefits. Examples are given for both progressive and regressive tax structures. Comparative-static analysis reveals that a decline in union bargaining power, an increase in unemployment benefits, and an increase in the overall work force reduce the efficient degree of tax progression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01234403
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Foreign capital and technology transfer in a dynamic model (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of economics 67 (1998), S. 75-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-7134
    Keywords: foreign capital ; technology transfer ; migration ; subsidy ; unemployment ; steady-state growth ; O10 ; O41
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract We consider a dynamic three-sector dual-economy model when the technology transfer takes place from the foreign enclave to the labor-intensive domestic enclave. The long-run equilibrium and the comparative steady-state effects are analyzed. It is shown that the policy of subsidization to the foreign enclave may satisfy the conflicting tasks of raising national income and lowering unemployment simulataneously in the long run. Subsidization to a domestic enclave does not satisfy both the objectives.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01227764
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