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  • Articles  (5)
  • Other Sources
  • Kenya  (3)
  • pastoralism  (3)
  • Springer  (5)
  • American Geophysical Union
  • American Physical Society
  • Cambridge University Press
  • 1995-1999  (5)
  • 1945-1949
  • Ethnic Sciences  (5)
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  • Articles  (5)
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  • Springer  (5)
  • American Geophysical Union
  • American Physical Society
  • Cambridge University Press
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Herding Strategies of the Datoga Pastoralists of Tanzania: Is Household Labor a Limiting Factor (1997)
    Springer
    Human ecology 25 (1997), S. 519-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Keywords: pastoralism ; herding strategies ; cattle dynamics ; labor requirements ; Tanzania ; seasonality ; grazing patterns ; Datoga
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Ethnic Sciences
    Notes: Abstract Datoga herding follows a cyclical pattern depending on the availability of grazing and water. This analysis focuses on two questions: (a) Is the herding strategy followed by individual households limited by the amount of labor available to that household? and (b) does the herding strategy followed by individual households influence the dynamics of cattle herds? The results show that the availability of labor on a household level does not influence either the herding strategies used by individual households, or the dynamics of cattle herds. This suggests that once minimum labor requirements are met, livestock productivity is insensitive to additional labor inputs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021829806765
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Livestock production, age, and gender among the Keiyo of Kenya (1996)
    Springer
    Human ecology 24 (1996), S. 215-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Keywords: livestock ; gender ; age ; Africa ; Kenya
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Ethnic Sciences
    Notes: Abstract This article is based on a study of time allocation and decision making patterns among the Keiyo in three ecological zones of Elgeyo-Marakvet District, Kenya. It finds that age and gender are important factors to consider when examining livestock production among African smallholder farmers. This is especially true where males are absent from home for wage labor. In these situations women, young males between the ages of 6–15, and persons of both sexes aged 65 and over spend considerable amounts of time engaged in livestock-related activities. These women are also more actively involved in decision making concerning the marketing of milk. The results indicate that there is a definite need to consider the contributions of these other persons when efforts are being made to improve elements of the livestock sector.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02169127
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Labor Process and the Environment: The Effects of Labor Availability and Compensation on the Quality of Herding in the Sahel (1999)
    Springer
    Human ecology 27 (1999), S. 267-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Keywords: West Africa ; pastoralism ; overgrazing ; labor availability ; Fulani
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Ethnic Sciences
    Notes: Abstract The relationship between investments of labor to agricultural production and environmental degradation in rural areas of the developing world is complex. This paper reports on qualitative and quantitative research focused on the effects of labor availability and its compensation on the way in which cattle are herded in the Maasina region of Central Mali. Within this particular region, two social relationships determine the level and form of herder compensation: that between herd patriarch and cattle owner, and that between herd patriarch and herder. Both the nature of these relationships and variations in herding practice are described prior to a presentation of statistical analyses of the effects of household labor availability and cattle wealth on travel and grazing management decisions. Reductions in both the availability of herding labor and in the economic security of Fulsse households are shown to lead to reduced herd mobility and more constricted grazing patterns with significant environmental implications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018725327873
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Women's changing economic roles with pastoral sedentarization: Varying strategies in alternate Rendille communities (1995)
    Springer
    Human ecology 23 (1995), S. 433-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Keywords: women's economic roles ; pastoral sedentarization ; Rendille ; Kenya ; time allocation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Ethnic Sciences
    Notes: Abstract The trend of pastoral sedentarization in Africa presents new economic opportunities to women through the sale of dairy products, agricultural produce, and labor. This study of Rendille of northern Kenya shows a variety of economic strategies pursued by women in nomadic pastoral, settled agro-pastoral, and town communities. Results of household budgets and interviews with married women indicate that urban centers attract both wealthier Rendille women selling milk and poorer women engaged in wage-labor and petty commodity trade; time allocation data shows that women living in towns work as strenuously as those in pastoral communities, while men in towns work less than in pastoral communities and less than women in both communities; and anthropometric data of women and children suggest that increases in women's income may have a beneficial effect on the nutrition and well-being of their children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01190131
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Whose cows are they, anyway?: Ideology and behavior in Nandi cattle “ownership” and control (1996)
    Springer
    Human ecology 24 (1996), S. 255-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Keywords: gender and property rights ; customary law ; pastoralism ; Kenya
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Ethnic Sciences
    Notes: Abstract The system of rights in cattle among the Nandi of western Kenya is built on a paradox: wives' predominant rights in certain categories of cattle vs. a strong public ideology assigning cattle control to men. Various Nandi categories of cattle and the structure of rights in them are described. Husbands' and wives' interests at times conflict; the negotiation of such conflicts is explored through analysis of several case studies. These studies show that it is possible, though not common, for wives to use traditional legal processes to counter husbands' herd management decisions. It is suggested that this possibility, and the potential loss of face it entails, explains why husbands rarefy take actions contrary to wives' rights in livestock. Different rhetorical strategies of men and women in talking about rights in cattle, and emphasis on different aspects of customary law, are also discussed. This discussion is related to the emerging theory of “customary law” as the result of conflicts negotiated in the political context of colonialism. Ongoing economic changes are eroding wives' positions in negotiations over cattle “ownership.” Literature on other African societies is reviewed, showing similar patterns of erosion of women's property rights, and differing interpretations of customary rights from those formalized in customary law.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02169129
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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