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  • Artikel  (6)
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  • Honduras  (3)
  • Zimbabwe  (3)
  • Springer  (6)
  • American Geophysical Union
  • American Physical Society
  • Cambridge University Press
  • 1995-1999  (6)
  • 1945-1949
  • Ethnologie  (6)
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  • Artikel  (6)
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  • Springer  (6)
  • American Geophysical Union
  • American Physical Society
  • Cambridge University Press
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Private Versus Common Property Forests: Forest Conditions and Tenure in a Honduran Community (1999)
    Springer
    Human ecology 27 (1999), S. 201-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Schlagwort(e): forest management ; land tenure ; privatization ; common property ; Honduras
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Energietechnik , Ethnologie
    Notizen: Abstract Establishing secure tenure is widely recognized as a fundamental component of sustainable forest management. Policy-makers generally prefer privatization to achieve these ends, although common property institutions may also be appropriate. But if common property tenure is insecure and fails to control exploitation, theory predicts that private tenure should lead to better forest conditions. In this case study of a western Honduras community, forest mensuration data were collected from four private forests and two relatively open access common property forests. Statistical analyses failed to find consistent, significant differences in vegetation structure or soils related to tenure. Notable contrasts between forests reflected historical conditions and owner preferences. Neither form of tenure appeared to emphasize concerns for sustainable management, and ongoing processes of change constrained the possibility for limiting common property forest exploitation. The study adds to others which show that the outcomes of private or common property tenure relate substantially to the socioeconomic, political, and ecological context.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018721826964
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Outcomes of a community controlled wildlife utilization program in a Zambezi Valley community (1996)
    Springer
    Human ecology 24 (1996), S. 65-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Schlagwort(e): CAMPFIRE ; Zimbabwe ; sustainable development ; wildlife management ; biodiversity ; wildlife utilization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Energietechnik , Ethnologie
    Notizen: Abstract Zimbabwe is devolving substantial wildlife management responsibility to local government, and ultimately to local communities, through its Communal Areas Management Program for Indigenous Resources (CAMPFIRE) program. This paper's purpose is to explore the notion that CAMPFIRE offers a useful model for sustainable development discussions by examining the program's impacts in one case study location. It presents a legislative history of the CAMPFIRE Program before specifying the spatial criteria that explain ideal CAMPFIRE sites. Thereafter, it reports results from a study of the development impacts of locally controlled wildlife management in Masoka, an isolated CAMPFIRE community in the Zambezi Valley. The village has developed a land use plan, fenced its fields and settlements, reduced wild animal attacks on people and crops, provided access to primary education for both boys and girls, created local employment, and provided money for household food purchases during a severe drought. In Masoka, the implementation of CAMPFIRE seems to successfully provide incentives to protect megafauna and their habitats. For Masoka, CAMPFIRE has provided an alternative model to statist solutions emphasizing centralized control for biodiversity conservation purposes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02167961
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The environmental quality and social justice implications of shrimp mariculture development in Honduras (1995)
    Springer
    Human ecology 23 (1995), S. 143-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Schlagwort(e): development ; mariculture ; social justice ; environmental quality ; Honduras
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Energietechnik , Ethnologie
    Notizen: Abstract Development schemes aimed at reducing Central America's social and economic problems historically have stressed intensified exploitation of the region's natural resources through augmented exports of agricultural commodities and forest products, enhanced agricultural productivity, and expanded industrial fisheries. There is plentiful evidence documenting how succeeding waves of export expansion have displaced small farmers from their lands often initiating cycles of repression and violence while also generating or intensifying environmental destruction. This paper explores the environmental quality and social justice implications of the current prevailing development strategy in the region, the promotion of so-called nontraditional exports. Focusing on the expansion of shrimp mariculture in coastal zones along the Gulf of Fonseca, Honduras, it uses political ecological analysis to examine the interconnections among the dominant export-led development model, the policies and actions of the state, the competition among various classes and interest groups, and the survival strategies of an increasingly impoverished population. Analysis suggests that problems of social justice and environmental quality cannot be understood apart from the underlying social structure of the region.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01191647
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The consumption of wood by rural households in Gokwe Communal Area, Zimbabwe (1996)
    Springer
    Human ecology 24 (1996), S. 479-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Schlagwort(e): consumption of wood ; rural households ; fuel ; building ; Zimbabwe
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Energietechnik , Ethnologie
    Notizen: Abstract The objectives of this paper are to quantify the annual household consumption of wood for different purposes and to investigate the types of wood used for each purpose. Households in part of Gokwe Communal Area, a rural Zimbabwean study area in which wood is considered plentiful, use a mean 4.8 tons per household per year (t hh −1 yr −1 ) of wood for fuel, comprising 4.0 t to meet day-to-day requirements and 0.8 t for special occasions and beer brewing. In addition, building and repairing wooden structures require 3.5 t hh −1 yr −1 The total annual consumption is at most 8.3 t hh −1 yr −1 depending on the amount of wood in wooden structures that is recycled into new structures or as firewood. Wide variation around the mean annual consumption is expected because of differences among households and errors associated with calculation. The different purposes to which wood is put require wood of different types. Firewood for day-to-day use consists of small dead pieces collected in headloads. For brewing and special occasions large logs are used. Poles and small branches are freshly cut for wooden structures, with poles of particular girths and lengths being used for different components of the structures. Species is also taken into account in the collection of wood for fuel and construction. Disaggregation of the yearly consumption by site and species is important to the assessment of supply and demand of wood.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02168863
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Environmental NGOs, dispossession, and the state: The ideology and praxis of African nature and development (1995)
    Springer
    Human ecology 23 (1995), S. 199-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Schlagwort(e): sustainable rural development ; Zimbabwe ; CAMPFIRE
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Energietechnik , Ethnologie
    Notizen: Abstract Zimbabwe provides a significant context to examine the interplay of the new development rhetoric, the actions of powerful conservation organizations, donor policies, a relatively strong and stable government, and the empowerment of local communities. This interplay exists in diverse rural areas where the Communal Areas Management Program for Indigenous Resources (CAMPFIRE) is in various stages of experimentation and implementation. CAMPFIRE has been described as a philosophy of sustainable rural development that enables rural communities to manage, and benefit directly form indigenous wildlife. It is the best known of African efforts to permit African communities to re- assert their management of selected natural resources. The program has the official support of the Zimbabwean government. Nonetheless, there are many potential areas of serious conflict. Three case studies are utilized to explore how the challenges of repossession of critical environmental resources by marginalized communities in the changing context of state and NGO relationships where international tourism is a revenue generator for both the private sector and government.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01191649
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Rates of return on investments in cattle among Amerindians of the rain forest of Honduras (1996)
    Springer
    Human ecology 24 (1996), S. 395-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Schlagwort(e): savings ; cattle ; Tawahka ; Miskitu ; Honduras ; consumption smoothing
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Energietechnik , Ethnologie
    Notizen: Abstract Estimates of rates of return on investments in cattle among the Tawahka and Miskitu Amerindians of the Patuca river in Honduras are presented. Internal rates of return and net present values produced similar rankings. The median internal rate of return is 9% and the median net present value is 224 Lempiras (U.S.$33). Positive rates of return suggest cattle is a viable way of saving and smoothing consumption across time. The use of animals as savings may increase neotropical deforestation by indigenous populations until financial institutions step in to provide alternative and secure approaches to savings.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02169396
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
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