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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (57,448)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (49,884)
  • 1995-1999  (97,456)
  • 1950-1954  (9,876)
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 4943-4948 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We investigated the effect of C49-to-C54 conversion behavior on the agglomeration of Ti-silicide fabricated on subquarter micron polycrystalline Si lines by comparing pre-amorphized samples with conventional ones. Pre-amorphization of polycrystalline Si enhances the C49-to-C54 transformation on subquarter micron linewidths, however, it results in the early development of macroscopic grooves during the second rapid thermal annealing. From these results, we suggest the existence of an extra thermal budget during the second rapid thermal annealing of the pre-amorphized samples, which deteriorates the thermal stability of the C54-TiSi2 featured line. It is also shown that C49-to-C54 transformation on a 0.2 μm linewidth in the conventional samples has two kinds of competing factors when postannealing is added. One is the tendency of C54 transformation and the other is agglomeration of C49-TiSi2 grains. During high temperature annealing (〉850 °C), C49-TiSi2 has been agglomerated by a thinning mechanism instead of transformation into the C54 phase. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 5109-5115 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Recently published data on the variation with applied bias and temperature of steady-state photoluminescence and photoconductivity from a series of GaAs/AlGaAs single quantum well p-i-n structures are subjected to detailed theoretical analysis, using phenomenological variables introduced in connection with these results. The data are interpreted as revealing the presence in the well of a space charge, which causes band bending and hence indirectly modifies carrier escape lifetimes. It is shown that the thermionic escape of holes can affect the electron tunneling escape lifetime so that the latter displays a thermal activation energy which is quantitatively similar to the hole well depth. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 5116-5130 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Detailed experimental and theoretical analysis of the pulsed excitation of polymer light emitting diodes is presented. We find a set of universal transient features for a variety of device configurations (different polymers/cathodes) which can be reproduced using our phenomenological numerical model. We find that the temporal evolution of the electroluminescence in response to a step voltage pulse is characterized by: (i) a delay followed by; (ii) a fast initial rise at turn-on followed by; (iii) a slow rise (slower by at least one order of magnitude). The large mobility mismatch between holes and electrons in conjugated polymers allows us to separately time resolve the motion of holes and electrons. We suggest a method for extracting mobility values that takes into account the possible field-induced broadening of carrier fronts, and which is found to be compatible with mobilities determined from constant wave measurements. By using appropriate device configurations it is possible to determine the mobilities of both holes and electrons from a single device. Mobilities for holes and electrons are extracted for a poly(p-phenylenevinylene) copolymer and poly(di-octyl fluorene). © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 5141-5145 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have produced arrays of Co nanowires in anodic porous alumina filters by means of electrodeposition. The structure and magnetization behavior of the wires was investigated with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and magnetization measurements. NMR shows that the wires consist of a mixture of fcc and hcp texture with the (0001) texture of the hcp fraction oriented preferentially perpendicular to the wires. The magnetization direction is determined by a competition of demagnetizing fields and dipole–dipole fields and can be tuned parallel or perpendicular to the wires by changing the length of the wires. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 5164-5168 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effects of Fe doping on the magnetic, transport, and magnetoresistance properties are studied for La0.7Sr0.3Mn1−yFeyO3 (y=0–0.18) and La1−xSrxMn0.88Fe0.12O3 (x=0.1–0.50). For increasing y, a peak in the thermal dependence of the resistivity appears and develops at the temperature TPl lower than TC, while the another peak near TC becomes smaller and then disappears. At 78 K the La1−xSrxMn0.88Fe0.12O3 oxides are insulators for x〈0.2 and x〉0.5 and only the lower-temperature metal–insulator transition peak appears for 0.25〈x〈0.45. With increase of x from 0.25, TPl increases, becomes maximum at x=0.4 and then decreases. The temperature dependence of resistivity for the doped samples is quite different from that of the undoped La1−xSrxMnO3 series. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 5293-5295 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abnormal junction leakage characteristics in titanium-capped cobalt disilicide were investigated. The cobalt silicide n+-p junctions, fabricated with different capping layers, were characterized by current–voltage measurements and transmission electron microscopy. The reverse junction leakage currents of Ti-capped 13.5-nm-thick cobalt disilicide (CT) are higher than those of TiN-capped samples. The activation energy of CT at temperatures below 80 °C is 0.41 eV, and its dominant leakage mechanism is consistent with phonon-assisted tunneling. Transmission electron microscopy analysis indicates the existence of island phases and precipitates located at the silicide/Si interface, which are titanium disilicide and CoxTi1−xSi2 phases, as evidenced by energy dispersive spectroscopy. As a result, for the case of CT, the reasons for higher junction leakage currents and their field dependence appear to be the result of the diffusion of Ti atoms into CoSi2 grain boundaries and the resulting formation of TiSi2 and CoxTi1−xSi2 phases, which gives rise to a rougher silicide interface and a close spacing between silicide and the junction. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 4100-4106 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A swept frequency absorbance plasma diagnostic technique for measurement of self-resonance frequency, intrinsic plasma-tool distributed capacitance, radiative energy loss, and effective plasma capacitance is described. The ex situ probe measures the plasma properties independently of all contributions from the plasma-tool and transmission line connection to the rf supply. The technique employs a swept frequency source and a balanced equal ratio arm bridge to measure the frequency response of the plasma tool after the plasma has been extinguished under plasma conjugate matching conditions. The resonant frequency of the combination of capacitances due to plasma-tool geometry (intrinsic capacitance, Ci) and the matching network (Cm) exhibits a shift from the excitation frequency (13.56 MHz) that is dependent on the effective plasma capacitance. Resonance frequency shift data are given for He, Ne, Ar, O2, N2, and N2O as a function of both pressure (0.02–0.8 mbar) and incident power (50 and 100 W). This technique allows the differentiation between dissociation and ionization processes within the plasma through a simple noninvasive rf measurement. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 4118-4123 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The charge distribution function (CDF) of dust particles in low temperature plasmas is obtained as a function of both negative and positive discrete charges Z=(minus-plus)1,(minus-plus)2;,..., and various plasma parameters. Positively charged grains can be formed when secondary electron emission, that is, ionization of the grains by electron impact, is sufficiently important to change their charge. An expression for the CDF is derived from steady-state master equations for the densities of monodispersed, negatively or positively charged dust particles, with Z=(minus-plus)1,(minus-plus)2,... discrete elementary charges and radius R, taking into account single and double elementary charge changes in collisions of the particle with plasma electrons or ions. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 4124-4133 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A two-dimensional model has been developed for calculating the behavior of Ar2+ and Ar2+ ions in a direct current argon glow discharge, by the use of balance equations describing the various production and loss processes for these species, as well as their transport by diffusion and migration. These balance equations are coupled to the equations for the Ar+ ions and electrons and solved simultaneously with Poisson's equation, to obtain a self-consistent description of the charged particles behavior and the electrical characteristics in the glow discharge. Moreover, this model is combined with the other models that we have developed previously for the Ar atoms in various excited levels and the Cu atomic and ionic species, to obtain an overall description of the direct current argon glow discharge. The model is applied to typical conditions used for glow discharge mass spectrometry (pressure of 50–100 Pa, voltage of 600–1400 V, and current of 0.4–15 mA). Typical calculation results include the densities and fluxes of these ionic species, as well as the relative contributions of their production and loss processes. The Ar2+ ions are almost exclusively formed by two-electron ionization from Ar0 atoms, and they become primarily lost by diffusion and subsequent recombination at the cell walls. The Ar2+ ions are mainly created by Hornbeck–Molnar and metastable-metastable associative ionization, whereas atom to molecule conversion seems to play only a minor role at the discharge conditions under study. Loss of these Ar2+ ions is caused primarily by diffusion and recombination at the cell walls, but dissociative recombination in the plasma plays also a significant role. We found that the ratios of Ar2+/Ar+ and Ar2+/Ar+ ion densities and fluxes were in the order of 1%–10%, which is in good agreement with experimental observations. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 4192-4198 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In the present work, we study the sensitivity of the near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy to ion induced defects in polycrystalline diamond films. The ion bombardment of hydrogenated films is performed using 30 keV Xe+ ions at room temperature for doses ranging from 2×1013 ions/cm2, producing local point defects, to 2×1015 ions/cm2, which results in almost complete amorphization of the diamond surface. Auger electron spectroscopy measurements are not sensitive to the modifications induced by the lowest implantation dose. Whereas partial electron yield (PEY) NEXAFS measurements, applied in surface and bulk-sensitive modes, using 35, 15, and 8 eV secondary electrons, respectively, reveals the formation of a defective structure and gradual deterioration of diamond in the near-surface region. From PEY NEXAFS spectra measured using 15 eV secondary electrons, the position of C(1s) binding energy is measured. The x-ray photoelectron spectra of the samples were measured using an incident photon energy of 450 eV. It is found that the C(1s) binding energy in the implanted samples has a positive shift of 0.6–1 eV, which is indicative of transformation of diamond to disordered carbon. The high sensitivity of NEXAFS spectroscopy to point defects induced by the low dose ion implantation was reflected by a sharp reduction in the intensity of the diamond core exciton peak and by the appearance of a new spectral feature in the pre-edge region, below the C(1s)−π* transition. Analysis of the NEXAFS spectra of ion implanted films is performed on the basis of the electronic structure of diamond. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
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