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  • Articles  (7)
  • Other Sources
  • consciousness  (7)
  • Springer  (7)
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • 1995-1999  (7)
  • 1960-1964
  • Philosophy  (7)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Materialism and the “problem” of quantum measurement (1995)
    Springer
    Minds and machines 5 (1995), S. 207-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8641
    Keywords: Artificial intelligence ; cognitive science ; consciousness ; cosmology ; decoherence ; materialism ; measurement theory ; objectivity ; physics ; pointer basis ; preferred basis ; quantum mechanics ; state vector reduction ; subjectivity ; superselection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract For nearly six decades, the conscious observer has played a central and essential rôle in quantum measurement theory. I outline some difficulties which the traditional account of measurement presents for material theories of mind before introducing a new development which promises to exorcise the ghost of consciousness from physics and relieve the cognitive scientist of the burden of explaining why certain material structures reduce wavefunctions by virtue of being conscious while others do not. The interactive decoherence of complex quantum systems reveals that the oddities and complexities of linear superposition and state vector reduction are irrelevant to computational aspects of the philosophy of mind and that many conclusions in related fields are ill founded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00974744
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A critique of information processing theories of consciousness (1995)
    Springer
    Minds and machines 5 (1995), S. 89-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8641
    Keywords: Computation ; computer metaphor ; consciousness ; information processing ; psychology ; schema theory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract Information processing theories in psychology give rise to “executive” theories of consciousness. Roughly speaking, these theories maintain that consciousness is a centralized processor that we use when processing novel or complex stimuli. The computational assumptions driving the executive theories are closely tied to the computer metaphor. However, those who take the metaphor serious — as I believe psychologists who advocate the executive theories do — end up accepting too particular a notion of a computing device. In this essay, I examine the arguments from theoretical computational considerations that cognitive psychologists use to support their general approach in order to show that they make unwarranted assumptions about the processing attributes of consciousness. I then go on to examine the assumptions behind executive theories which grow out of the computer metaphor of cognitive psychology and conclude that we may not be the sort of computational machine cognitive psychology assumes and that cognitive psychology's approach in itself does not buy us anything in developing theories of consciousness. Hence, the state space in which we may locate consciousness is vast, even within an information processing framework.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00974191
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some phenomenological implications of a quantum model of consciousness (1995)
    Springer
    Minds and machines 5 (1995), S. 609-620 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8641
    Keywords: Quantum ; consciousness ; emergence ; agency ; time
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract We contrast person-centered categories with “objective” categories related to physics: consciousness vs. mechanism, observer vs. observed, agency vs. event causation. semantics vs. syntax, beliefs and desires vs. dispositions. How are these two sets of categories related? This talk will discuss just one such dichotomy: consciousness vs. mechanism. Two extreme views are dualism and reductionism. An intermediate view is emergence. Here, consciousness is part of the natural order (as against dualism), but consciousness is not definable only in terms of physical mass, length, and time (as against reductionism). There are several detailed theories of emergence. One is based on the Great Chain of Being and on organic evolutionary hierarchy. The theory here is based instead on the concept of “relational holism” in quantum mechanics. The resulting brain model has two interacting systems: a computational system and a quantum system (a Bose-Einstein condensate), perhaps interacting via EEG waves. Thus, we need both person-centered and matter-centered categories to describe human beings. Some possible experimental tests are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00974989
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A quantum mechanical model of consciousness and the emergence of ‘I’ (1995)
    Springer
    Minds and machines 5 (1995), S. 597-607 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8641
    Keywords: Quantum ; consciousness ; emergence ; Bose-Einstein condensates ; Fröhlich
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract There have been suggestions that the unity of consciousness may be related to the kind of holism depicted only in quantum physics. This argument will be clarified and strengthened. It requires the brain to contain a quantum system with the right properties — a “Bose-Einstein condensate”. It probably does contain one such system, as both theory and experiment have indicated. In fact, we cannot pay full attention to a quantum whole and its parts simultaneously, though we may oscillate between the two. In a quantum theory of consciousness, emergent meanings arise as an inevitable consequence of Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00974988
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Let's Dance! The Equivocation in Chalmers' Dancing Qualia Argument (1998)
    Springer
    Minds and machines 8 (1998), S. 237-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8641
    Keywords: consciousness ; functionalism ; qualia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract David Chalmers' dancing qualia argument is intended to show that phenomenal experiences, or qualia, are organizational invariants. The dancing qualia argument is a reductio ad absurdum, attempting to demonstrate that holding an alternative position, such as the famous inverted spectrum argument, leads one to an implausible position about the relation between consciousness and cognition. In this paper, we argue that Chalmers' dancing qualia argument fails to establish the plausibility of qualia being organizational invariants. Even stronger, we will argue that the gap in the argument cannot be closed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008273402702
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some Nonhuman Animals Can Have Pains in a Morally Relevant Sense (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and philosophy 12 (1996), S. 51-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8404
    Keywords: philosophy of mind ; ethics ; animal pain ; Peter Carruthers ; consciousness ; evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract In a series of works, Peter Carruthers has argued for the denial of the title proposition. Here, I defend that proposition by offering direct support drawn from relevant sciences and by undercutting Carruthers‘ argument. In doing the latter, I distinguish an intrinsic theory of consciousness from Carruthers‘ relational theory of consciousness. This relational theory has two readings, one of which makes essential appeal to evolutionary theory. I argue that neither reading offers a successful view.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017933132500
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Animal Consciousness and Ethics in Asia and the Pacific (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of agricultural and environmental ethics 10 (1997), S. 249-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-322X
    Keywords: Animals ; Asia ; consciousness ; Australia ; Hong Kong ; India ; Israel ; Japan ; New Zealand ; The Philippines ; Russia ; Singapore ; Thailand
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract The interactions between humans, animals and the environment have shaped human values and ethics, not only the genes that we are made of. The animal rights movement challenges human beings to reconsider interactions between humans and other animals, and maybe connected to the environmental movement that begs us to recognize the fact that there are symbiotic relationships between humans and all other organisms. The first part of this paper looks at types of bioethics, the implications of autonomy and the value of being alive. Then the level of consciousness of these relationships are explored in survey results from Asia and the Pacific, especially in the 1993 International Bioethics Survey conducted in Australia, Hong Kong, India, Israel, Japan, New Zealand, The Philippines, Russia, Singapore and Thailand. Very few mentioned animal consciousness in the survey, but there were more biocentric comments in Australia and Japan; and more comments with the idea of harmony including humans in Thailand. Comparisons between questions and surveys will also be made, in an attempt to describe what people imagine animal consciousness to be, and whether this relates to human ethics of the relationships.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007774409131
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