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  • Inorganic Chemistry  (5,974)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (4,835)
  • Animals  (2,869)
  • 1995-1999  (8,562)
  • 1965-1969  (5,116)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phylogenetic position of Dictyostelium inferred from multiple protein data sets (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 41 (1995), S. 238-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Cellular slime molds ; Animals ; Fungi ; Plantae ; Maximum-likelihood method ; Evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The phylogenetic position of Dictyostelium inferred from 18S rRNA data contradicts that from protein data. Protein trees always show the close affinity of Dictyostelium with animals, fungi, and plants, whereas in 18S rRNA trees the branching of Dictyostelium is placed at a position before the massive radiation of protist groups including the divergence of the three kingdoms. To settle this controversial issue and to determine the correct position of Dictyostelium, we inferred the phylogenetic relationship among Dictyostelium and the three kingdoms Animalia, Fungi, and Plantae by a maximum-likelihood method using 19 different protein data sets. It was shown at the significance level of 1 SE that the branching of Dictyostelium antedates the divergence of Animalia and Fungi, and Plantae is an outgroup of the Animalia-Fungi-Dictyostelium clade.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00170678
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolutionary relationships of eukaryotic kingdoms (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 42 (1996), S. 183-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Small-subunit ribosomal RNA ; Phylogeny ; Animals ; Fungi ; Plants ; Alveolates ; Heterokonts ; Stramenopiles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The evolutionary relationships of four eukaryotic kingdoms—Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, and Protista—remain unclear. In particular, statistical support for the closeness of animals to fungi rather than to plants is lacking, and a preferred branching order of these and other eukaryotic lineages is still controversial even though molecular sequences from diverse eukaryotic taxa have been analyzed. We report a statistical analysis of 214 sequences of nuclear small-subunit ribosomal RNA (srRNA) gene undertaken to clarify these evolutionary relationships. We have considered the variability of substitution rates and the nonindependence of nucleotide substitution across sites in the srRNA gene in testing alternative hypotheses regarding the branching patterns of eukaryote phylogeny. We find that the rates of evolution among sites in the srRNA sequences vary substantially and are approximately gamma distributed with size and shape parameter equal to 0.76. Our results suggest that (1) the animals and true fungi are indeed closer to each other than to any other “crown” group in the eukaryote tree, (2) red algae are the closest relatives of animals, true fungi, and green plants, and (3) the heterokonts and alveolates probably evolved prior to the divergence of red algae and animal-fungus-green-plant lineages. Furthermore, our analyses indicate that the branching order of the eukaryotic lineages that diverged prior to the evolution of alveolates may be generally difficult to resolve with the srRNA sequence data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02198844
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Segmentation and tracking of piglets in images (1995)
    Springer
    Machine vision and applications 8 (1995), S. 187-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1769
    Keywords: Tracking ; Segmentation ; Pigs ; Animals ; Computer vision
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract An algorithm was developed for the segmentation and tracking of piglets and tested on a 200-image sequence of 10 piglets moving on a straw background. The image-capture rate was 1 image/140 ms. The segmentation method was a combination of image differencing with respect to a median background and a Laplacian operator. The features tracked were blob edges in the segmented image. During tracking, the piglets were modelled as ellipses initialised on the blobs. Each piglet was tracked by searching for blob edges in an elliptical window about the piglet's position, which was predicted from its previous two positions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01215814
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Animal Consciousness and Ethics in Asia and the Pacific (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of agricultural and environmental ethics 10 (1997), S. 249-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-322X
    Keywords: Animals ; Asia ; consciousness ; Australia ; Hong Kong ; India ; Israel ; Japan ; New Zealand ; The Philippines ; Russia ; Singapore ; Thailand
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract The interactions between humans, animals and the environment have shaped human values and ethics, not only the genes that we are made of. The animal rights movement challenges human beings to reconsider interactions between humans and other animals, and maybe connected to the environmental movement that begs us to recognize the fact that there are symbiotic relationships between humans and all other organisms. The first part of this paper looks at types of bioethics, the implications of autonomy and the value of being alive. Then the level of consciousness of these relationships are explored in survey results from Asia and the Pacific, especially in the 1993 International Bioethics Survey conducted in Australia, Hong Kong, India, Israel, Japan, New Zealand, The Philippines, Russia, Singapore and Thailand. Very few mentioned animal consciousness in the survey, but there were more biocentric comments in Australia and Japan; and more comments with the idea of harmony including humans in Thailand. Comparisons between questions and surveys will also be made, in an attempt to describe what people imagine animal consciousness to be, and whether this relates to human ethics of the relationships.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007774409131
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reaktionen aktiver Methylenverbindungen mit Aziden, V. Über ein α-Diazo-β-keto-sulfon (1965)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 98 (1965), S. 36-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 2.3-Dihydro-thionaphthenon-(3)-1.1-dioxid (III), für das eine ergiebige Synthese beschrieben wird, bildet mit p-Tosylazid das Hydrazon VIII. Beim Erwärmen in stark polaren, „basischen“ Lösungsmitteln wie Äthylenglykol, Dimethylformamid oder Dimethylsulfoxid entkuppelt VIII zu dem α-Diazo-β-keto-sulfon IX und III. Einige Verkochungs- und Azo-Kupplungsreaktionen von IX mit trans-fixierten β-Diketonen zu Azoverbindungen werden beschrieben.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19650980105
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Darstellung und Eigenschaften von Bis-trifluormethylsulfenyl-uretidin-dion (1965)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 98 (1965), S. 111-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die cyclische Dimerisierung von F3CSNCO und die quantitative Hydrolyse des Dimeren zu N.N′-Bis-trifluormethylsulfenyl-harnstoff und Kohlendioxid werden untersucht. Die daraus gefolgerte Struktur eines Bis-trifluormethylsulfenyl-uretidin-dions steht im Einklang mit dem IR- sowie dem 19F-NMR-Spektrum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19650980113
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die katalytische Wirkung von Tetraalkylharnstoffen bei der Umsetzung von Phosgen mit 1.3-Dimethyl-barbitursäure (1965)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 98 (1965), S. 131-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Tetraalkylharnstoffe zeigen einen starken katalytischen Effekt bei der Umsetzung von 1.3-Dimethyl-barbitursäure mit Phosgen. Die Struktur der erhaltenen Verbindungen wird aufgeklärt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19650980117
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Substitutionsreaktionen an Di-benzol-chrom und verwandten Verbindungen, III. Neue Di-benzol-chrom-Derivate (1965)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 98 (1965), S. 175-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Metallierung des Di-benzol-chroms(0) mit Amylnatrium konnte zu einer präparativen Methode für die Darstellung substituierter Di-benzol-chrom-Verbindungen ausgebaut werden. Es wurden die Abfangreaktionen mit CO2, CH2O, CH3CHO, C6H5CHO und (C6H5)2CO untersucht. Aus dem Gemisch der verschiedenen Substitutionsprodukte konnten jeweils die Monosubstitutionsprodukte isoliert werden. Die Konstitutionen der Verbindungen wurden durch gaschromatographische Untersuchung der abgespaltenen Aromaten ermittelt. Die Carboxylatgruppen konnten mit Dimethylsulfat verestert, die primären und sekundären Alkohole dehydriert werden. Mit den Carbonyl-Verbindungen wurden LiAlH4-Reduktionen und Grignard-Additionen durchgeführt. Sowohl der Effekt des Di-benzol-chrom-Restes auf die Reaktionen der organischen Seitenkette als auch der Einfluß der Substituenten auf den komplexen Molekülteil werden diskutiert. Im Falle der Carbonsäureester wurden auch die Di-, Tri-und Tetrasubstitutionsprodukte gefaßt und strukturell gesichert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19650980123
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polycyclische Verbindungen, XV. Peropyren und 5′-Methyl-naphtho-[3′.4′: 3.4]-pyren (1965)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 98 (1965), S. 208-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Das sarkomerzeugende, heptacyclische Peropyren (IX) wurde aus dem Benzpyrenderivat IVb in einer Vierstufenreaktion synthetisiert. Ein Zwischenprodukt dieser Synthese ließ sich in das Methyl-naphthopyren XI überführen.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19650980127
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Titan(IV)-oxidbromid, TiOBr2, und Zinn(IV)-oxidbromid, SnOBr2 (1965)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 98 (1965), S. 290-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Durch Umsetzung von Cl2O oder Ozon mit überschüssigem TiBr4 entsteht TiOBr2 in Form tiefgelber Kristalle. Analog entsteht SnOBr2 aus SnBr4 als farbloser, röntgenamorpher Festkörper. Die Eigenschaften und IR-Spektren werden mitgeteilt. Mit POX3 (X = Cl, Br) entstehen die Additionsverbindungen TiOBr2.2 POX3, mit Pyridin die Addukte TiOBr2.2 1/2 Pyridin und SnOBr2.1 1/2 Pyridin.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19650980136
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