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Digitale Medien

Influence of Taxonomy, Ecology, and Seasonality in River Stage on Fish Contamination Risks in Floodplain Swamps of the Lower Mississippi River (1998)

Bart, Henry L. ; Martinat, Peter J. ; Abdelghani, Assaf ; [weitere]

Springer

Ecotoxicology 7 (1998), S. 325-334

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ISSN: 1573-3017

Schlagwort(e): contamination risks ; fish ; Mississippi River ; ecological factors ; taxonomy

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Energietechnik

Notizen: Abstract We compared contamination levels in fish from contaminated and uncontaminated floodplain swamps of the lower Mississippi River to assess differences in contamination risks between swamps, across different taxonomic and ecological groupings of fishes within and between swamps, and with seasonality in river stage. Fish tissue levels of inorganic contaminants were substantially lower than environmental levels in both swamps, suggesting either that fish were not uptaking these contaminants, or they were effectively eliminating the contaminants from their bodies. Tissue levels of organic contaminants were high relative to environmental levels, suggesting that these contaminants were bioaccumulating. Organic contaminants were significantly higher in fish from the contaminated swamp (Devil's Swamp) than in fish from a reference swamp up river (Tunica Swamp). Because the organic contaminants were largely confined to sediments, we expected bottom-oriented fishes to have higher concentrations than pelagic fishes. Assuming that uptake was primarily through the food chain, we expected top predators to exhibit higher concentrations than low-level consumers. We also expected year- round swamp residents to exhibit higher accumulations than more transitory users of backswamp habitat. However, organic contaminant levels did not differ in the directions expected for any of these groupings. We did observe differences in organic contaminant levels within and between swamps for different taxonomic groupings of fishes (species and genera). Some taxa occupying low to middle positions in the food web (e.g., gizzard shad, Lepomis spp.) exhibited higher concentrations than taxa near the top of the food web. Within Devil's Swamp, organic contaminant levels were significantly higher at low river stage, when fish were confined to the swamp, than at high river stage, when fish were free to move between the river and the swamp. We caught more species and more fish per unit effort in Devil's Swamp than in Tunica Swamp, contrary to expectations if contaminants in the former were negatively impacting population and community structure. Species richness differences between swamps were a consequence of catch differences, with higher catch corresponding to inclusion of more rare species. The lower catch in Tunica Swamp may have resulted from physical modifications of its waterways to support agriculture and hunting. The results of this study underscore the importance in factoring information on the taxonomy and ecology of organisms, and seasonal changes in environmental conditions, into assessments of contamination risks.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008811713427

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Digitale Medien

The definitions of species and clade names: A reply to Ghiselin (1995)

Queiroz, Kevin

Springer

Biology and philosophy 10 (1995), S. 223-228

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ISSN: 1572-8404

Schlagwort(e): Clade ; class ; definition ; defining property ; individual ; intension ; name ; organism ; ostensive definition ; species ; taxon ; taxonomy

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Philosophie

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00852247

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Digitale Medien

Degradation of 4-chloro-2-methylphenol by an activated sludge isolate and its taxonomic description (1995)

Lechner, U. ; Baumbach, R. ; Becker, D. ; [weitere]

Springer

Biodegradation 6 (1995), S. 83-92

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ISSN: 1572-9729

Schlagwort(e): Biodegradation ; 2-methyl-4-carboxymethylenebut-2-en-4-olide ; 4-chloro-2-methylphenol ; taxonomy ; waste water treatment

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Energietechnik , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft

Notizen: Abstract The Gram-negative strain S1, isolated from activated sludge, metabolized 4-chloro-2-methylphenol by an inducible pathway via a modifiedortho-cleavage route as indicated by a transiently secreted intermediate, identified as 2-methyl-4-carboxymethylenebut-2-en-4-olide by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Beside 4-chloro-2-methylphenol only 2,4-dichlorophenol and 4-chlorophenol were totally degraded, without an accumulation of intermediates. The chlorinated phenols tested induced activities of 2,4-dichlorophenol hydroxylase and catechol 1,2-dioxygenase type II. Phenol itself appeared to be degraded more efficiently via a separate, inducibleortho-cleavage pathway. The strain was characterized with respect to its physiological and chemotaxonomic properties. The fatty acid profile, the presence of spermidine as main polyamine, and of ubiquinone Q-10 allowed the allocation of the strain into the α-2 subclass of theProteobacteria. Ochrobactrum anthropi was indicated by fatty acid analysis as the most similar organism, however, differences in a number of physiological features (e.g. absence of nitrate reduction) and pattern of soluble proteins distinguished strain S1 from this species.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00695339

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