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  • Articles  (199,384)
  • American Physical Society  (83,454)
  • Springer Nature  (53,098)
  • American Geophysical Union  (30,230)
  • Nature Publishing Group  (30,062)
  • Blackwell Publishers Ltd
  • 1995-1999  (129,703)
  • 1975-1979  (69,681)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Survey of Management Selection Practices in Greece (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    International journal of selection and assessment 7 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The results of a study of managerial recruitment and selection methods in Greece are presented. Forty-eight organizations responded to the postal survey. Questionnaires addressed the frequency of use of different methods and attitudes towards their use. Greek firms tend to use intuitive and subjective methods, such as interviews, curriculum vitae and personal recommendations. Interviews are considered the most valid predictors of future job performance followed by written examinations and psychological tests, while application forms followed by references and personal recommendations are viewed as the least valid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2389.00120
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Index (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    International journal of selection and assessment 7 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2389.00124
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Integrity and Honesty Testing: What Do We Know? How Do We Use It? (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    International journal of selection and assessment 7 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This selective review of integrity and honesty testing addresses two primary questions: ‘What do we know about honesty testing?’ and ‘How do we use what we know?’ Up-to-date information about test reliability, validity, and construct definition from recent reviews of the research literature in the USA is presented and interpreted. Relationships to other selection devices and personality measures are discussed, as well as how integrity tests fit into a multiple assessment selection system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2389.00118
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book Reviews (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    International journal of selection and assessment 7 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Books reviewed:Robert Shaw Trust in the Balance; Building Successful Organizations on Results, Integrity and ConcernLouis H. Janda Psychological Testing: Theory and ApplicationsDavid Ulrich, Michael R. Losey and Geraldine Lake, (eds) Tomorrow's HR Management: 48 Thought Leaders Call For Change
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2389.00123
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Nonlinearity and Heteroscedasticity on the Validity of Conscientiousness in Predicting Overall Job Performance (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    International journal of selection and assessment 7 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Most research on the relationship between personality and overall job performance assumes linearity and homoscedasticity. This study investigated the prevalence and nature of nonlinearities and heteroscedasticies in relationships between conscientiousness and supervisory ratings of overall job performance across five independent samples using both concurrent (k = 4) and predictive (k = 1) designs. Hierarchical polynomial regression analyses found evidence of robust linear effects but no evidence of statistically significant quadratic or cubic effects. A statistically and practically significant heteroscedastic effect was found in only one sample such that lower errors of prediction were evidenced in the ends in comparison to the middle of the bivariate distribution. Implications for the use of conscientiousness in personnel selection are suggested. Limitations of the current study and directions for future research are noted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2389.00115
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Construct-oriented Biodata Development for Selection to a Differentiated Performance Domain (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    International journal of selection and assessment 7 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This study describes the development of a multidimensional biodata form which used explicit constructs to guide item generation and rational scale development, construct validation, criterion measurement and empirical keying. These constructs were goal-orientation, teamwork, customer service, resourcefulness, learning ability and leadership. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses in both applicant and incumbent samples were used to identify and test the model which included the thirteen, more differentiated rational scales relating to these six, broader constructs. Empirical keying of the rationally developed scales was conducted against criterion construct scales conceptually related to each predictor construct. Empirical keying at the item level was found to result in higher validities and cross-validities than either empirical keying at the scale level, or rational keying. The item keyed instrument also demonstrated incremental validity over a test of cognitive ability for specific work performance domains as well as overall work performance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2389.00109
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biodata: Meeting Clients’ Needs for a Better Way of Recruiting Entry-level Staff (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    International journal of selection and assessment 7 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Biodata as a selection technique is gaining greater acceptance in Australia and interest in the technique appears to be growing. There are a number of reasons for its rise in popularity, including particular advantages afforded by the technique such as enhanced validity and decreased adverse impact. This paper presents an overview of the development of a biodata instrument for large-scale recruitment and focuses specifically on how clients' needs were met by incorporating biodata in a revised recruitment system. The reader is also referred to another article in this issue by Karas and West that reports on this project, but covers technical aspects of the rational-empirical approach taken to instrument development.The biodata technique was chosen to meet specific requirements of a new selection system for entry level clerical and graduate staff of the Australian Public Service. Broadly, the system sought to assess a range of job-related skills encompassing both cognitive and noncognitive abilities and to maximize the validity and fairness of the recruitment process. The addition of a biodata questionnaire, as an integral part of the selection system, assisted in meeting these aims and providing clients with a more comprehensive process which offered greater flexibility and the reliable assessment of noncognitive attributes that are critical to success in today’s workplace.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2389.00112
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Development of Person–Vocation Fit: A Longitudinal Study Among Young Employees (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    International journal of selection and assessment 7 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This two-phase panel study examines the development of the congruence between vocational interests and perceived skill requirements. Participants were 492 Dutch men and women between 18 and 26 years old, with a paid job in both phases. Three hypotheses inspired by the theory of work adjustment (Dawis and Lofquist 1984) and congruence theory (Holland 1992) were tested, using a composite index of fit proposed by Cronbach and Gleser (1953). The first hypothesis proposing that participants experiencing incongruence between their vocational interests and their perceived skill requirements are dissatisfied with their job was supported. The hypothesis that incongruence has a positive relationship with job change and a negative relationship with tenure was not confirmed. The expectation that the congruence between vocational interests and perceived skill requirements increases over time was confirmed. Furthermore, exploring determinants of change in vocational interests and perceived skill requirements, it was found that change in these domains was predicted by different variables, educational level being the only common factor. It is concluded that this study supports the longitudinal propositions of prevailing work-related person-environment fit theories.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2389.00100
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Call for Papers (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    International journal of selection and assessment 7 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2389.00105
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recognising the lesbian and gay constituency in UK trade unions: moving forward in UNISON? (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 30 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Recent research on trade union democracy has drawn attention to the heterogeneity of union membership and the social processes within unions which can lead to the inclusion or exclusion of specific constituencies within union structures. This article draws on a case study of lesbian and gay self organisation in UNISON to illustrate the value of developing democratic structures to reflect this constituency and improve trade union representation and participation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2338.00136
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Job regulation and the managerial challenge to trade unions: evidence from two union membership surveys (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 30 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Data from a survey of union activists in twelve unions, and from a survey of members of the Communication Workers Union, are used to argue that changes in labour management and work organisation do not provide scope for social partnership at work, but do represent new difficulties for collective representation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2338.00138
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Perceptions of Overt and Personality-based Integrity Tests (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    International journal of selection and assessment 7 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Differences in test-taker perceptions between overt and personality-based integrity tests were examined. Following administration of both types of integrity tests, 255 undergraduate students provided ratings of perceived face validity and perceived predictive validity. Following receipt of actual test scores, 126 test takers participated in a second phase of the study in which they reported perceptions of distributive justice. Test takers perceived overt integrity tests as having greater face validity and predictive validity than personality-based integrity tests. Perceptions of job-relatedness were not strongly related to test performance on either test type. Distributive justice perceptions were related to test performance, but not type of integrity test.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2389.00102
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The European economy: labour market efficiency, privatisation and minimum wages (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 30 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2338.00127
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sectoral social dialogues: new opportunities or more impasses? (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 30 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2338.00129
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Social Europe: national initiatives and responses (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 30 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2338.00128
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Employers and employer organisations: the case of governability (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 30 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2338.00130
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Evaluation of the Validity and Fairness of the Graduate Management Admissions Test (GMAT) Used for MBA Selection in a UK Business School (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    International journal of selection and assessment 7 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT) has been shown to be a valid predictor of Masters of Business Administration (MBA) performance in the USA, but no UK validity studies have been published. This study uses a large sample of UK MBA students to examine the validity and fairness of GMAT. It is found that GMAT-Verbal is a good predictor of MBA examination performance but GMAT-Quantitative is not. It is also found that both components are unfair to native English speakers. The reasons for these findings are to be found in the nature of the criterion employed. Some observations are made regarding the consequences for best practice of the competitive and political context of MBA selection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2389.00119
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Different Look at Assessment Centers: Views of Assessment Center Users (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    International journal of selection and assessment 7 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This study aims to shed light on possible problems of assessment center users and designers when developing and implementing assessment centers. Semi-structured interviews with a representative sample of assessment center users in Flanders revealed that, besides a large variability in assessment center practice, practitioners experience problems with dimension selection and definition, exercise design, line/staff managers as assessors, distinguishing between observation and evaluation, and with the content of assessor training programs. Solutions for these problems are suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2389.00122
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Alternative to an Assessment Centre on Six Pieces of Paper? (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    International journal of selection and assessment 7 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The application form currently used in police officer recruitment neither measures competencies necessary ‘on the job’, nor screens out inappropriate applicants. To improve this situation, a competency-based application form was developed and trialled in three police forces. Results were compared with those obtained via the assessment centre acting as the first competency screening stage of the current selection process.A high level of correspondence was found between the two sets of results raising a query as to whether the application form could be a valid replacement for the assessment centre. A future validation study, in which the performance of recruited police officers is compared with application form results, will better answer this question. In the meantime, it is proposed that the competency-based application form questions are incorporated into the current form to reduce the number of inappropriate applicants reaching expensive, labour-intensive stages of the selection process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2389.00116
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diversity of Life Experiences: The Development and Validation of a Biographical Measure of Receptiveness to Dissimilar Others (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    International journal of selection and assessment 7 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In light of changing demographics one of the biggest future challenges for selection and promotion will be identifying individuals who are able to effectively work with dissimilar others and are receptive to differences in others. Since a reliable and valid measure of individuals’ receptiveness to dissimilar others does not currently exist, a biodata-based measure of this construct was developed using traditional scale development techniques. Evidence of the new measure’s reliability and validity are provided. Implications for theory-building and future research are presented, as well as potential applications for selection and assessment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2389.00111
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Analysis of Federal Court Cases Involving Nine Selection Devices (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    International journal of selection and assessment 7 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: A content analysis of US federal court cases was conducted to assess the relative frequency of litigation associated with nine selection devices: 1) unstructured interviews; 2) structured interviews; 3) biographical information blanks; 4) cognitive ability tests; 5) personality tests; 6) honesty tests; 7) physical ability tests; 8) work sample tests; and 9) assessment centers. The outcomes of the cases (whether the devices were ruled to be discriminatory) for each of the nine types of selection devices were also examined. The possible implications of the current findings for organizations and researchers are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2389.00101
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Personality, Self-Efficacy and Functioning in Management Teams: A Contribution to Validation (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    International journal of selection and assessment 7 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The relationship between individual difference variables and the contribution to team functioning was examined in 58 members of management teams. Extraversion and self-efficacy for working in teams were related to attraction to the team, which in turn was related to a rating of team effectiveness. Extraversion was also related directly to team effectiveness. The relationship between conscientiousness and team functioning was not clear. The results are considered supportive for the validity of self-efficacy for teams and extraversion as indicators of the ability and propensity of individuals to contribute to the functioning of management teams.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2389.00103
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interim Managers: Distinguishing Personality Characteristics of Managers on Short-term Contracts (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    International journal of selection and assessment 7 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The use of interim managers by companies is increasing, and reasons for this trend are discussed. A study is reported in which the normative personality make-up of a group of interim managers is compared with that of a general sample of UK managers. Ninety-four interim managers completed the revised PA Preference Inventory (PAPI-N) and the results are compared with those from a general UK managerial sample. Statistically significant differences are reported for 12 out of 20 scales, with nine of the effect sizes ≥ 0.5. Results are also compared with a priori job expert predictions. Of nine predictions that interim managers would differ from the general management norm, seven are consistent with the statistical findings. Practical and methodological implications of the findings, and their relation to the ‘Big Five’, are discussed, together with broader implications for the study of workers in new and emerging forms of employment. The findings are also interpreted in the particular context of interim management roles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2389.00121
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recruiting and Selecting Professionals: Context, Qualities and Methods (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    International journal of selection and assessment 7 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Evidence based on a survey of professional firms and in-depth interviews with decision-makers responsible for selection examines the most frequently used and valued methods for hiring qualified professional staff in a sample of Scottish accountancy, architecture, law, and surveying practices. The survey suggests an emphasis on personality, work experience and general attributes for senior posts, and that high value is placed on interviews and informal sources of information in assessing these qualities. Firm characteristics and context, particularly size of practice, the role of the partner in the selection process, labour supply, and perception of recruitment difficulties are shown to be related to the type of selection method used. Consistent with the view of selection as a social process, the case study evidence suggests that ‘informality’ may play an important role when partners responsible for selection have long tenure with their firm and when firms experience recruitment difficulties. More generally, informal networks and interview processes may act as effective information and communication vehicles for small and medium-sized professional practices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2389.00114
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Introduction to the International Journal of Selection and Assessment Issue on Biodata (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    International journal of selection and assessment 7 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2389.00106
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  • 26
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    Electronic Resource
    Book Reviews (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    International journal of selection and assessment 7 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Books reviewed:Christopher Mabey, Denise Skinner and Timothy Clark Experiencing Human Resource ManagementChristina Maslach and Michael P. Leiter The Truth about Burnout: How Organizations Cause Personal Stress and What to Do About ItK.W. De Dreu and Evert Van De Vliert Using Conflict in OrganizationsRichard Jeanneret and Rob Silzer Individual Psychological Assessment: Predicting Behavior in Organizational Settings
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2389.00117
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Construct-oriented Biodata: Capturing Change-related and Contextually Relevant Future Performance (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    International journal of selection and assessment 7 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This study highlights an approach to the development of performance and predictor constructs that has the potential to permit context and culture relevant selection. Task, contextual and adaptive measures of performance were used as criterion data in a selection study involving 325 staff in the hotel industry. Construct-oriented biodata were developed to predict adaptive and contextual performance and the validities were contrasted with measures of cognitive ability and personality. The results provided construct support for the separation of adaptive performance from task and contextual performance and for the predictive validity of change-related biodata after controlling for cognitive ability. The pattern of correlations among the personality measures, biodata scales and cognitive tests supported the construct validity of the biodata scales. Results are discussed in relation to the context in which the data were collected, and the general relevance of the procedure across countries or cultures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2389.00110
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The British merger movement: the importance of the ‘aggressive’ unions (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 30 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Union mergers in Britain are dominated numerically by transfers of engagements from minor unions to major unions. Just five major or acquiring unions were responsible for absorbing 79% of all transfers to TUC affiliated unions between 1978 and 1994. This study establishes the extent of this domination, examines the characteristics of the five unions’ aggressive merger policies and considers the consequences of the findings for theories of union mergers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2338.00137
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unions in a changing climate: MSF and Unison experiences in the new public sector (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 30 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Through an examination of national policies, case study and survey material, this article looks at the question of the possibility of union renewal through an examination of the various and varying responses of two unions, MSF and Unison, to the changing work and employment practices in the NHS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2338.00139
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Swedish engineering employers: The search for industrial peace in the absence of centralised collective bargaining (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 30 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The Swedish engineering employers’ association recently shifted away from the dramatic decentralisation of bargaining it had pioneered. Behind this shift were employer desires for better guarantees of industrial peace. The authors conclude by stressing the importance of the relationships between employer strategy, historical contingency and debates on bargaining structure.
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    Book reviews (1999)
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    Industrial relations journal 30 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Books reviewed: International labour review, Bob Hepple Life on the Line in Contemporary Manufacturing. The Workplace Experience of Lean Production and the ‘Japanese’ Model, Phil Taylor Manufacturing in Transition, Kirsty Newsome Researching the world of work: strategies and methods in studying industrial relations, WR Hawes
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    Index to Volume 30, 1999 (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 30 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    Editorial: Unemployment and the social dialogue (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 30 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    Politics of Europe 99 Changing the guard in the European Union: in with the new, out with the old? (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 30 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    A year of living dangerously? EC social rights, employment policy, and EMU (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 30 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    European Community employment law: key recent cases and their implications for the UK (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 30 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    European industrial relations in 1998: chronicle of events (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 30 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    Industrial relations in transformation: Central and Eastern Europe in 1998 (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 30 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    Bookshelf (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 30 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Books reviewed: International and Comparative Employment Relations, Chris Brewster The Privatisation Process in East-Central Europe. Evolutionary Processes of Czech Privatizations, Anne Mills Fighting for Partnership: Labour and Politics in Unified Germany, Tony Royle The Left’s Dirty Job: The Politics of Industrial Restructuring in France and Spain, Miguel Martinez Lucio The Political Economy of German Unification, Johan Jeroen De Deken Introduction to European Social Security Law, Machteld Van Opstal European Labour Law, Andrew Bell
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    George Bain and a ‘Mechanistic Formula’: the Purposes and Politics of £3.60 (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 30 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This response to George Bain’s most recent defence of the Low Pay Commission’s first report and recommendations argues the case for a higher minimum wage tied to average earnings which seriously tackles the poverty and discrimination suffered by many employees
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    Trying to Stem the Flow: Union Membership Turnover in the Public Sector (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 30 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Based on a survey of members leaving UNISON, this study suggests that more than 40,000 members leave the union every year because of their dissatisfaction with some aspect of structure, organisation or policy. This analysis identifies some of the barriers faced by unions that are attempting to promote more participative unionism in order to reduce rates of membership turnover.
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    Local Bargaining in the National Health Service: New Approaches to Employee Relations (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 30 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This research uses the establishment of local bargaining arrangements in the National Health Service (NHS) to examine managerial employee relations objectives. It finds a continued commitment to pluralism and a rejection of an HRM approach. Change is taking place, possibly involving a shift towards a consultative style, in a traditional industrial relations framework.
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    The Moderating Effect of Raters’ Opportunities to Observe Ratees' Job Performance on the Validity of an Assessment Centre (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    International journal of selection and assessment 7 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Previous research has suggested that the quality of judgmental validation criteria may improve depending on the increase of opportunity for the rater to observe ratees’ job performances. This study investigated whether the validity of an assessment centre increases with opportunity to observe. Subjects were engineers and applied scientists from the Research and Development (R&D) units of seven German high-technology companies.A total of 6 personality scales, 10 cognitive ability tests and 9 work samples was administered to 155 subjects. Performance appraisals were collected from their supervisors. Assessors were trained organizational psychologists who were not members of the participating organizations. A total score (‘assessment centre score’) was computed by averaging the 25 predictors after standardization of each predictor. The (uncorrected) validity of this assessment centre was r = 0.37. In addition, opportunity to observe (i.e. amount of time the performance rater was the ratee’s supervisor) emerged as a moderator: for example validities were r = 0.09 (opportunity to observe ≤ 2 years) and r = 0.50 (opportunity to observe〉 2 years).
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    Specification of Scales in Biodata Form Development: Rational vs. Empirical and Global vs. Specific (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    International journal of selection and assessment 7 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Although empirical keying has been the most popular scoring strategy with biodata, researchers have increasingly argued that rational approaches are better for advancing theory. Higher validities and less faking with empirical keys, however, have made many reluctant to abandon them. Research in the personality field provided support for the notion that many rational biodata scales may be multi-faceted. Development of more specific scales was suggested as a technique for creating rational scales with validities that more closely approximate that of empirical keys. Three different strategies (rational, internal, and external/empirical) were used in the scoring of a biodata inventory for use with mechanical equipment franchise owners. The rational and internal approaches were investigated within two samples and at two levels - very specific constructs and global constructs. In addition, two types of criteria were used, including an objective measure of sales and supervisory performance ratings. The specific rational scales were as predictive as the empirical item key. Strategies for developing and scoring a biodata form using a rational approach are discussed.
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    Background Data and Autobiographical Memory: Effects of Item Types and Task Characteristics (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    International journal of selection and assessment 7 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Background data, or life history measures, ask people to recall and report prior behavior and experiences. Although these measures have been found to be effective predictors of performance, little is known about the characteristics of items contributing to accurate reporting and good recall. Accordingly, 153 undergraduates were asked to work on a complex, computer-based ‘in-basket’ task. In working through this task, objective indices of their activities were obtained. After completing this task, subjects were asked to answer a set of background data items describing their behavior and experiences during task performance. Additionally, they were asked to return one week later and, again, answer the background data questions. Indices of accuracy and recall consistency were obtained for various item types. In accordance with the literature of autobiographical memory, it was found that people could consistency recall and accurately report general summaries of activities and their reactions to the task. More specific actions or behaviors that were not linked to goals were not accurately and consistently recalled. The implications of these findings for the development and application of background data measures are discussed.
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    The Dimensionality of Honey and Mumford’s Learning Styles Questionnaire (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    International journal of selection and assessment 7 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The Learning Style Questionnaire (LSQ) developed by Honey and Mumford (1986) is one of several measures of individual learning style. Despite its popularity in the UK there is little published evidence for construct validity. This survey of 329 British managers used cluster and factor analysis to assess the validity of the LSQ. Cluster analysis revealed learning style profiles dominated by Reflector/Theorist traits. The factor structure of the LSQ does not cleanly reflect the four-stage Learning Cycle relied upon for a theoretical foundation. The observed structure is more indicative of a three-stage learning cycle of Action, Reflection and Planning.
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    Book Reviews (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    International journal of selection and assessment 7 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: John Arnold, Cary Cooper and Ivan T. Robinson, Work PsychologyJan Te Nijenhuis, Comparability of Test Scores for Immigrants and Majority Group Members in the NetherlandsDavid A. Nadler with Mark B. Nadler, Champions of Change: How CEO’s and their Companies are Mastering the Skills of Radical Change
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    The Trade Union Role in Career Development: a Membership Perspective (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 30 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article explores how a highly unionised and professional occupational group, school teachers, want their trade union to be involved in their career development. By taking an apparently individualistic concept and considering it from a collective perspective, the article provides insights into a neglected aspect of career development.
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    ‘Doing the right thing’ Organisational structure and process for democratic governance in the firm (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 30 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Can businesses be viable, effective, and generally democratic organisations? Several literatures bearing on the democratic firm are reviewed, examining democratic governance, participative management, new forms of ownership and how these affect firm performance. A small, espousedly democratic grocery store in upstate New York illustrates characteristic behaviours, structures and processes consistent with financial viability and economic effectiveness.
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    ‘Re-inventing’ China’s Industrial Relations at Enterprise-Level: an Empirical Field-Study in Four Major Cities (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 30 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article discusses the impact of China’s latest reforms on industrial relations at enterprise level in both state-owned firms (SOEs) and foreign-invested joint ventures (JVs) based on a sample of 24 industrial enterprises located in four cities. It concludes that the reforms of the early 1990s have ‘re-invented’ the IR system and have significantly influenced recruitment and selection, wage and reward systems, and social security programmes.
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    Editorial: ‘. . . the most lightly regulated labour market . . .’ The UK’s third statutory recognition procedure 1 (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 30 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This editorial, which is followed by a second contribution from a perceptive North American observer, discusses the problems of workability and perceived fairness of the new procedure, the alternatives to it, and some of its wider implications for the relationship between the trade unions and the Labour Party.
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    Book Reviews (1999)
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    Industrial relations journal 30 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Books reviewed:William Brown, Simon Deakin, Maria Hudson, Cliff Pratten and Paul Ryan, The Individualization of Employment Contracts in BritainLei Delsen and Eelke de JongThe German and Dutch Economies: Who Follows Whom?John P. Tuman and John T. Morris (eds.), Transforming the Latin American Automobile Industry: Unions, Workers and the Politics of RestructuringTheo NicholsThe Sociology of Industrial InjuryIan Proctor and Maureen PadfieldYoung Adult Women, Work and Family: Living a ContradictionJack Barbash and Noah M. Meltz (eds.), Theorizing in Industrial Relations—Approaches and Applications
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    Why statutory union recognition is bad labour policy:the North American experience (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 30 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The proposed British legislation is modelled on that of the United States which has been a clear failure in its stated goal of encouraging the practice and procedure of collective bargaining (Adams, 1993). It has instead perpetuated a culture of labour-management animosity that many other nations have 113been able, to their benefit, to overcome (Adams, 1995c).
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    ‘An assembly line in the head’: work and employee relations in the call centre (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 30 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: To date, academic studies of the call centre ‘sector’ remain limited in scope. Here the authors attempt to remedy that omission by analysing the recent and spectacular growth of call centres in the UK, drawing on a wide variety of sources, including two extensive surveys of developments in Scotland during 1997.
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    Phases and dynamics in the development of EU industrial relations regulation (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 30 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In this article the authors discuss whether it is possible to identify the existence of a European IR-system. They try to identify important phases and dynamics in the emergence of what is termed the European IR-model. It is argued that traditional IR-theory should be combined with theories which allow more extensive consideration of politological and institutional phenomena when analysing IR developments at pan-European level.
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    Membership retention in the public sector (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 30 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Based on a survey of UNISON members, this article examines the reasons underpinning membership retention in the public sector. It shows that collective reasons are central to retention and that packages of financial services have little impact on retention. An article to be published in the next issue of this journal develops the themes raised here by reference to a survey of union leavers.
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    The reluctant bargainers? McDonald’s, unions and pay determination in Germany and the UK (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 30 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: There is growing evidence that multinational enterprises (MNEs) increasingly develop organisation-based employment strategies, which promote the transmission of employee relations practices across national borders. This article provides an analysis of one MNE’s employee relations practice and what appears to be its preference for operating, where possible, independently of national industrial relations systems. The findings, which draw on a UK/German comparison, raise a number of questions about the adequacy of even highly juridifed national systems to protect workers rights in practice.
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    Persuasion and industrial relations: a case of argument in a joint consultative committee (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 30 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: As persuasion and argument are central to the processes of industrial relations this article makes a plea for a ‘rhetorical turn’ within industrial relations. Using Toulmin’s model of argument, it highlights the utility of such an approach through analysis of the argumentative nature of discussion within a JCC.
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    Union responses in electronics: a globalised environment (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 30 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article examines union responses to a hostile environment in the electronics sector in four European countries. All unions saw the need for change, but those with the greatest need to develop strategic responses were not those which were in the best position to do so.
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    Systems of collective employee representation in non-union firms in the UK (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 30 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Legislative developments and some renewal of managerial interest are drawing attention to systems of employee representation in the non-union sector. This article examines such data as exist on the extent and effectiveness of such systems, asks whether they can provide effective substitutes for union-based systems, and argues that this appears unlikely.
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    Transforming union women: the role of women trade union officials in union renewal (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 30 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The article investigates the nature of the increasing involvement of women in the decision-making structures of the fifth largest UK union through a study of senior women union officials. It is argued that senior union women, operating within a feminist paradigm, balance both transformational and status quo objectives in working towards union survival and renewal.
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    A slow burning flame? Organisational change and industrial relations in the fire service (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 30 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The process of organisational change in the public sector has led to a restructuring of the employment relationship in a context of budgetary constraints, the introduction of performance indicators and the development of new management strategies. The pace of change has been uneven and mediated by service cultures that have been resistant to innovation. Our case study of a metropolitan fire brigade explores these issues and suggests that financially driven organisational change has a major impact on industrial relations and that trade union organisation rooted in workplace culture can provide a significant challenge to restructuring.
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    The health and safety system in the Federal Republic of Germany (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 30 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article examines the health and safety structures that have evolved in Germany since the early nineteenth century. The article relates these structures to some of the significant features, in particular the works council, of the German industrial relations system, and whilst demonstrating that the health and safety structures have helped to bring the accident rate under control, the conclusions are that these structures need to be reformed if this trend is to continue.
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    Book Reviews (1999)
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    Industrial relations journal 30 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Aileen McColgan, Just Wages For WomenSandra Fredman, Women and the LawPaul Blyton and Peter Turnbull, The Dynamics of Employee RelationsChristopher Mabey, Denise Skinner and Timothy Clark, Experiencing Human Resource ManagementC. Rowley, Human Resource Management in the Asia Pacific Region: Convergence QuestionedMichael Poole and Malcolm Warner, The Handbook of Human Resource Management
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    News (1999)
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    Topics: Computer Science
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    Diary (1999)
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    Representing diverse mathematical problems using neural networks in hybrid intelligent systems (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: In recent years, artificial neural networks have attracted considerable attention as candidates for novel computational systems. Computer scientists and engineers are developing neural networks as representational and computational models for problem solving: neural networks are expected to produce new solutions or alternatives to existing models. This paper demonstrates the flexibility of neural networks for modeling and solving diverse mathematical problems including Taylor series expansion, Weierstrass’s first approximation theorem, linear programming with single and multiple objectives, and fuzzy mathematical programming. Neural network representations of such mathematical problems may make it possible to overcome existing limitations, to find new solutions or alternatives to existing models, and to achieve synergistic effects through hybridization.
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    Comparing neural network approximations for different functional forms (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This paper examines the capacity of feedforward neural networks (NNs) to approximate certain functional forms. Its purpose is to show that the theoretical property of ‘universal approximation’, which provides the basic rationale behind the NN approach, should not be interpreted too literally. The most important issue considered involves the number of hidden layers in the network. We show that for a number of interesting functional forms better generalization is possible with more than one hidden layer, despite theoretical results to the contrary. Our experiments constitute a useful set of counter-examples.
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    Book Reviews (1999)
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: John McCardle, Neural Network Systems Techniques and Applications
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    An interactive tool for knowledge base refinement (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: We present a tool that combines two main trends of knowledge base refinement. The first is the construction of interactive knowledge acquisition tools and the second is the development of machine learning methods that automate this procedure. The tool presented here is interactive and gives experts the ability to evaluate an expert system and provide their own diagnoses on specific problems, when the expert system behaves erroneously. We also present a database scheme that supports the collection of specific instances. The second aspect of the tool is that knowledge base refinement and machine learning methods can be applied to the database, in order to automate the procedure refining the knowledge base. In this paper we examine the application of inductive learning algorithms within the proposed framework. Our main goal is to encourage the experts to evaluate expert systems and to introduce new knowledge, based on their experience.
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    Editorial (1999)
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    Integrating symbolic and numerical features for fault prediction and diagnosis by an expert system (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This paper addresses the topic of a predictive task after integration of symbolic and numerical features by a hybrid diagnostic expert system. The online interaction of information and knowledge from various sources is achieved after successful combination of different development environments, tools and programs. The system infers using cooperatively dynamic modelling information, online sensor information, and stored knowledge in the knowledge base.
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    A hybrid knowledge-based system applied to epidemic screening (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Although many knowledge-based systems (KBSs) focus on single-paradigm approaches to encoding knowledge (such as production rules), experts rarely use a single type of knowledge in solving a problem. More often, an expert will apply a number of reasoning mechanisms. In recent years, rule-based reasoning (RBR), case-based reasoning (CBR) and model-based reasoning (MBR) have emerged as important and complementary reasoning methodologies in artificial intelligence. For complex problem solving, it is useful to integrate RBR, CBR and MBR. In this paper, a hybrid KBS which integrates a deductive RBR system, an inductive CBR system and a quantitative MBR system is proposed for epidemic screening. The system has been tested using real data, and results are encouraging.
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    Dynamic recurrent neural networks for a hybrid intelligent decision support system for the metallurgical industry (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Knowledge-based modeling and implementation of the various manufacturing processes represent an intensive research area. It is known that it is difficult to analyze the mechanisms of many industrial production processes and build dynamic models by employing classical methods for intelligent systems in manufacturing. This paper describes how to use dynamic recurrent neural networks to provide the model base of a hybrid intelligent system for the metallurgical industry with a quality control model. The hybrid system extracts the features of image sequences obtained through the vision detection subsystem and employs a dynamic recurrent neural network to assess and predict the product qualities to further coordinate the entire production process.
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    Proposing an architectural framework of a hybrid knowledge-based system for production rescheduling (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: An architectural configuration of a knowledge-based system for production rescheduling reported in this paper uncovers a number of points of interest to practitioners as well as researchers. The study shows that knowledge-based methods applied to production rescheduling are a valuable approach for manufacturers to manage production disturbances and deliver customer orders on time. Very often, developing an effective scheduling system whilst solving some problems requires an appropriate combination of a rigorous analysis of the production system state and the rules of thumb used by the human scheduler. In the actual performance of this hybrid system, an expert simulation system was used to produce new schedules that fit the real production environment.
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    AI in the next millennium (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
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    Expert knowledge acquisition and the unwilling expert: a knowledge engineering perspective (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Expert systems are an evolving technology with the potential to make human expertise widely and cheaply available. The literature describing the development of expert systems generally assumes that experts willingly give up their knowledge. This is unrealistic and may be a reason why most expert system projects fail. This paper explores the problem of unwilling experts from the perspective of a knowledge engineer building an expert system. The link between knowledge and organizational power is established and human motivation theories are discussed. Finally, a new motivational approach is introduced to help the knowledge engineer deal with unwilling experts.
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    A knowledge sorting process for a product design expert system (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Knowledge sorting is one way to organize the knowledge acquired from the domain expert(s) and various sources. Well-organized knowledge representation will make rule extraction much easier. This paper describes a knowledge sorting process that was developed to facilitate the rule extraction for a product design expert system. The process capitalizes on the relationships between design attributes and factors, dependent and independent variables, and consists of three stages: identification of knowledge sources, generation of taxonomic trees, and organization of acquired knowledge. An example applies the sorting process to the development of an expert system for the design of wood head golf clubs.
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    The rise and ‘fall’ of expert systems in medicine (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This paper represents a personal perspective on the last 13 years of research in medical artificial intelligence and expert systems, and describes the progress of the discipline from its inception to its current status. The challenges faced by researchers are examined, and it is argued that (despite the claims) theoretical and technical limitations are not the major barriers to the successful implementation of medical artificial intelligence and expert systems, but rather more complex professional and organizational issues are at stake.
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    A function-centered framework for reasoning about system failure at multiple levels of abstraction (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This paper presents the knowledge organization for a simulation subsystem that is a component of a comprehensive expert system for failure modes and effects analysis. Organizing the simulation subsystem’s knowledge base around a function-centered ontology produces an architecture that facilitates reasoning about an engineering design at multiple levels of abstraction and throughout the life-cycle of the design. Moreover, the resulting architecture provides the capability for incorporating computer-aided analysis and design tools early on into the conceptual design of an engineering system before a commitment is made to a specific technology to implement the system’s behavior. The result is an expert system simulation knowledge source that can be used to reason about the effects of system failures based on conceptual designs, i.e. designs in which commitments to an underlying technology to achieve the system’s function have not yet been made but computer-aided assistance for reasoning about the system’s potential failure modes and effects is useful.
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    Connectionist variable binding (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Variable binding has long been a challenge to connectionists. Attempts to perform variable binding using localist and distributed connectionist representations are discussed, and problems inherent in each type of representation are outlined.
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    Book Reviews (1999)
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Books reviewed:Daniel Kustrin, Neural Network Analysis, Architectures and ApplicationsSimon O’Keefe, Fuzzy and Neural Approaches in EngineeringJohn McCardle, Neural Network Systems Techniques and Application
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    The Department of Trade and Industry’s Smart Systems for Decision Makers initiative (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
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    News (1999)
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    Diary (1999)
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    Foreword (1999)
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    Symbol processing — a challenge for neural networks? (1999)
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    Extending CLIPS to support temporal representation and reasoning (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Applications using expert systems for monitoring and control problems often require the ability to represent temporal knowledge and to apply reasoning based on that knowledge. Incorporating temporal representation and reasoning into expert systems leads to two problems in development: dealing with an implied temporal order of events using a non-procedural tool; and maintaining the large number of temporal relations that can occur among facts in the knowledge base. In this paper we explore these problems by using an expert system shell, CLIPS (C Language Integrated Production System), to create temporal relations using common knowledge-based constructs. We also build an extension to CLIPS through a user-defined function which generates the temporal relations from those facts. We use the extension to create and maintain temporal relations in a workflow application that monitors and controls an engineering design change review process. We also propose a solution to ensure truth maintenance among temporally related facts that links our temporal extension to the CLIPS facility for truth maintenance.
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    News (1999)
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    Development of a fuzzy push delivery scheme for Internet sites (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Push technology is the term recently linked with Web-based products to indicate the built-in capability of the software package to deliver relevant information to the user automatically. In this paper, a fuzzy push delivery scheme is described which ‘observes’ the movements of the user within the Web pages and then evaluates the personal interests and preferences of the user. With the information available from the fuzzy scheme, Web site information favoured by visitors can be ‘pushed’ to them without even being requested. To verify the feasibility of the concept, a Web site with various shopping spots has been developed with built-in functions to detect the time of stay in various sites by visitors . Output from the proposed fuzzy scheme is compared with the perception of the interest level given by the visitors themselves for its evaluation. The built-in feature of the scheme can significantly enhance the functionality and attractiveness of the Web site involved and hence improve its competitiveness in the global market. The development of the proposed scheme and its evaluation in an emulated Internet environment are covered in the paper.
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    An online expert system for fault diagnosis in hydraulic systems (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
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    Notes: Fault diagnosis has become increasingly important for industrial automation and many approaches have been investigated for the online diagnostic task. This work demonstrates a new online expert system for dynamic industrial automated processes. The emphasis of this diagnostic system lies in the functions provided for fault detection, prediction, compensation and diagnosis. The system uses experiential knowledge cooperatively with scientific knowledge in a new interactive formation. It is developed in two parts using the DASYLab software for the numerical computations and the KPWin development tool for the symbolic representations. The system was developed in collaboration with the company Automation Systems S.A., which specializes in hydraulic systems, and is used for fault detection in production machines.
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    Facilitating the use of multi-attribute utility theory in expert systems:an aid for identifying the right relative importance weights of attributes (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
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    Notes: In general, expert system applications to real cases involve making decisions, i.e. selecting a suitable action among a set of possible alternative actions. A well-known standard method for modelling decision problems is the so-called multi-attribute utility theory (MAUT), a method in which the alternatives are viewed in terms of their attributes. A set of attributes are identified and a specific value and a suitable relative importance weight are assigned to each attribute. However, it is not easy for the expert to quantify the relative importance weight of an attribute: this assignment entails a certain abstraction activity from the expert and, as is well known, experts have difficulty in providing their knowledge in abstract and general terms. In order to overcome this difficulty we propose a method for automatically inferring relative importance weights from a set of specific action sequences. An action sequence is a list in chronological order of the actions executed by the expert when facing specific cases of decision problems. Providing action sequences requires no other effort but remembering specific episodes, and this task is much easier for experts than having to directly provide precise numbers expressing relative importance weights. Moreover in many cases action sequences are already stored in suitable records. Consider, for example, the list of medical tests executed on a given patient, a list included in the patient clinical record stored in the clinical database of a hospital. On the basis of these considerations the proposed method should be useful for designers of expert systems which face problems of choosing the right action among a set of alternative actions.
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    Diary (1999)
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    Editorial (1999)
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    Hybrid artificial intelligence approach to urban planning (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Knowledge-based modeling and implementation of the various urban planning processes represent an intensive research area. This paper presents a hybrid artificial intelligence system using a knowledge-based approach, neural networks and fuzzy logic that automates the decision-making process in urban planning. The system is used for developing urban development alternatives based on real-world data. Results show that, by integrating knowledge-based systems, artificial neural networks and fuzzy systems, the system achieves improvements in the implementation of each respective system as well as an increase in the breadth of functionality within the application. With this approach, the best of three technologies can be compiled together to solve complex urban problems. We discuss the structure of the combined technologies, as well as providing examples of its application in the field of urban development.
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    ICADS: Intelligent Car Audio Design System for product planning (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This paper describes the development of a system, ICADS (Intelligent Car Audio Design System), that can be used to effectively support product development engineers in car audio product design. We have demonstrated the use of expert system technology and the technique of quality function deployment (QFD) in supporting car audio design planning. QFD is applied as a knowledge acquisition method in this study to support car audio design teams in the development of products in a structured way that relates market demand via engineering specifications to parts specifications. We believe that other industries can use a similar approach for developing an expert system that can support product design planning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00089
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An actor model for rule-based systems (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Our research originates from a study of the possibilities of integrating rules and objects in knowledge-based systems. In the present work, we are interested in the interactionist perspective of an object. The stepwise reasoning of a diagnostic expert system, possibly involving subgoaling and interactions with the environment, can be easily codified by means of production rules over proposition literals. This set of rules can be graphically represented in a network manner denoting the relations between the rules. The individual nodes in the network can be expressed by means of autonomous objects and their relations, interpreted as possible communications between them. The objects are given a structure and a proper behaviour and cooperate for performing logical reasoning by means of forward and backward chaining inference processes. Therefore, designing this system implies addressing several basic issues such as inter-object communications and their synchronization. The problem here is not necessarily to develop a great intelligence locally but to develop strong networks of good communicators. This approach belongs to the interactionist representation current, where objects are called actors. In principle, the actors may carry out computation in parallel and provide a conceptual foundation for massively concurrent object-oriented paradigms. From this point of view, a system allowing for the simultaneous investigation of several rules and premises in the forward or the backward chaining would be significantly more efficient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00088
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Voluntary Disclosure of Profit Forecasts by Target Companies in Takeover Bids (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Journal of business finance & accounting 26 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-5957
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper examines factors influencing voluntary forecast disclosure by target companies, whether good/bad news forecasts are disclosed and the influence of forecasts on the outcome of hostile bids. Disclosure was significantly more likely during contested bids. In agreed bids, probability of forecast disclosure was greater the shorter the bid horizon. In contested bids, forecasts were more likely where there were large block shareholdings, for larger targets and for targets in the capital goods industry. There was a clear tendency to disclose good news forecasts. A significant positive association between forecast disclosure and increase in offer price was found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-5957.00279
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Test of the Persistence in the Performance of UK Managed Funds (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Journal of business finance & accounting 26 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-5957
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: We employ a United Kingdom data set of weekly returns from a sample of investment trust companies available on the Datastream database. We analyse the relative performance of the funds and determine whether a ‘good’ (above-median), past-performance is indicative of future performance. Our study focuses on within sample relative performance. We examine persistence in performance in the short and long run based on a number of tests. Overall we find that both raw and risk-adjusted returns exhibit evidence of persistence in performance in the long run but not in the very short run.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-5957.00267
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interdaily Volatility in a Continuous Order-Driven Market (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Journal of business finance & accounting 26 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-5957
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Since Amihud and Mendelson (1987) documented a higher open-to-open return volatility compared to close-to-close return volatility in the US market, there have been various explanations offered, such as call auction opening, a long halt of trade, and specialist systems. No consensus has been reached so far. As an order-driven dealership market, the Hong Kong stock market provides another dimension for examination. If halt of trade is the major cause of the open-to-open volatility in the Hong Kong market, this volatility should also be higher. This is not observed. Positive autocorrelation of the open-to-open return series also suggests that there is no temporary price deviation at market opening. We view these as consistent with the specialist argument put forth by Stoll and Whaley (1990).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-5957.00284
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