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  • Articles  (892)
  • Annual Reviews  (892)
  • 1995-1999  (446)
  • 1980-1984  (372)
  • 1960-1964  (74)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (892)
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  • Articles  (892)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of Carbohydrate and Fat Metabolism During and After Exercise (1996)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 16 (1996), S. 121-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nu.16.070196.001005
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Food on Drug Absorption (1996)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 16 (1996), S. 383-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nu.16.070196.002123
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ENERGY AND PROTEIN REQUIREMENTS DURING LACTATION (1997)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 17 (1997), S. 19-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Additional energy needs for an exclusively breastfeeding woman are approximately 670 kcal/day. If one allows for gradual weight loss, the net increment needed is about 500 kcal/day. There is little evidence of energy-sparing adaptations in basal metabolic rate or dietary-induced thermogenesis during lactation, although physical activity may be reduced during the early postpartum period. In women with adequate fat reserves, moderately negative energy balance is not likely to affect lactation. The recommended increment in protein intake during lactation has been estimated to be about 15 g/day, based on a milk protein concentration of 11 g/liter. However, if one takes into account the protein cost of non-protein nitrogen in human milk, the recommended increment in protein is about 20 g/day. The latter value is consistent with data from nitrogen balance studies in lactating women. Low protein intakes are unlikely to affect milk volume but may alter certain fractions of milk nitrogen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nutr.17.1.19
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    REGULATION OF MAMMALIAN ACETYL-COENZYME A CARBOXYLASE (1997)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 17 (1997), S. 77-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Long-chain fatty acids are involved in all aspects of cellular structure and function. For controlling amounts of fatty acids, cells are endowed with two acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) systems. ACC-alpha is the rate-limiting enzyme in the biogenesis of long-chain fatty acids, and ACC-beta is believed to control mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. These two isoforms of ACC control the amount of fatty acids in the cells. Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of ACC-alpha cause enzyme inactivation and activation, respectively, and serve as the enzyme's short-term regulatory mechanism. Covalently modified enzymes become more sensitive toward cellular metabolites. In addition, many hormones and nutrients affect gene expression. The gene products formed are heterogeneous and tissue specific. The ACC-beta gene is located on human chromosome 12; the cDNA for this gene has just been cloned. The gene for the alpha-isoform is located on human chromosome 17. The catalytic core of the beta-isoform is homologous to that of the alpha-isoform, except for an additional peptide of about 150 amino acids at the N terminus. This extra peptide sequence makes the beta-form about 10,000 daltons larger, and it is thought to be involved in the unique role that has been assigned to this enzyme. The detailed control mechanisms for the beta-isoform are not known.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nutr.17.1.77
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TASTE PREFERENCES AND FOOD INTAKE (1997)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 17 (1997), S. 237-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Sensory responses to the taste, smell, and texture of foods help determine food preferences and eating habits. However, sensory responses alone do not predict food consumption. The view that a "sweet tooth" leads to obesity through excess sugar consumption is overly narrow. In reality, there are multiple links between taste perceptions, taste preferences, food preferences, and food choices and the amount of food consumed. Taste responses are influenced by a range of genetic, physiological, and metabolic variables. The impact of taste factors on food intake further depends on sex and age and is modulated by obesity, eating disorders, and other pathologies of eating behavior. Food preferences and food choices of populations are further linked to attitudinal, social, and-probably most important-economic variables such as income. Nutrition education and intervention strategies aimed at improving population diets ought to consider sensory pleasure response to foods, in addition to a wide range of demographic and sociocultural variables.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nutr.17.1.237
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DIETARY PHYTOESTROGENS (1997)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 17 (1997), S. 353-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Broadly defined, phytoestrogens include isoflavones, coumestans, and lignans. A number of these compounds have been identified in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains commonly consumed by humans. Soybeans, clover and alfalfa sprouts, and oilseeds (such as flaxseed) are the most significant dietary sources of isoflavones, coumestans, and lignans, respectively. Studies in humans, animals, and cell culture systems suggest that dietary phytoestrogens play an important role in prevention of menopausal symptoms, osteoporosis, cancer, and heart disease. Proposed mechanisms include estrogenic and antiestrogenic effects, induction of cancer cell differentiation, inhibition of tyrosine kinase and DNA topoisomerase activities, suppression of angiogenesis, and antioxidant effects. Although there currently are no dietary recommendations for individual phytoestrogens, there may be great benefit in increased consumption of plant foods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nutr.17.1.353
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    INTRACELLULAR LIPID-BINDING PROTEINS AND THEIR GENES (1997)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 17 (1997), S. 277-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Intracellular lipid-binding proteins are a family of low-molecular-weight single-chain polypeptides that form 1:1 complexes with fatty acids, retinoids, or other hydrophobic ligands. These proteins are products of a large multigene family of unlinked loci distributed throughout the genome. Each lipid-binding protein exhibits a distinctive pattern of tissue distribution. Transcriptional control, regulated by a combination of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors and CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins, allows for a variety of both cell and tissue-specific expression patterns. In some cells, fatty acids increase the expression of the lipid-binding protein genes. Fatty acids, or their metabolites, are activators of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor family of transcription factors. Therefore, as the concentration of lipid in the diet increases, the expression of lipid-binding proteins coordinately increases. As revealed by X-ray crystallography, the lipid-binding proteins fold into beta-barrels, forming a large internal water-filled cavity. Fatty acid ligands are bound within the cavity, occupying only about one-third of the accessible volume. The bound fatty acid is stabilized via a combination of enthalpic and entropic forces that govern ligand affinity and selectivity. Cytoplasmic lipid-binding proteins are the intracellular receptors for hydrophobic ligands, delivering them to the appropriate site for use as metabolic fuels and regulatory agents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nutr.17.1.277
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    COMPARATIVE NUTRITION OF IRON AND COPPER (1997)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 17 (1997), S. 501-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The suggestion from nutritional studies with mammals of a link between iron and copper metabolism has been reinforced by recent investigations with yeast cells. Iron must be in the reduced ferrous (FeII) state for uptake by yeast cells, and reoxidation to ferric (FeIII) by a copper oxidase is part of the transport process. Thus, yeast cells deficient in copper are unable to absorb iron. In an analogous way, animals deficient in copper appear to be unable to move FeII out of cells, probably because it cannot be oxidized to FeIII. Invertebrate animals use copper and iron in ways very similar to vertebrates, with some notable exceptions. In the cases where vertebrates and invertebrates are similar, the latter may be useful models for vertebrate metabolism. In cases where they differ (e.g. predominance of serum ferritin in insects, oxygen transport by a copper protein in many arthropods, central importance of phenoloxidase, a copper enzyme in arthropods), the differences may represent processes that are exaggerated in invertebrates and thus more amenable to study in these organisms. On the other hand, they may represent processes unique to invertebrates, thus providing novel information on species diversity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nutr.17.1.501
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    WHY DO WE EAT?A Neural Systems Approach1 (1997)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 17 (1997), S. 597-619 
    Details
    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Neuroregulators found at various brain sites are involved in controlling food intake, a behavior that occurs for many reasons. Different neuroregulators may affect different stimuli that impact eating behavior. For example, neuropeptide Y may initiate feeding for energy needs, opioid peptides may provide the rewarding aspects of eating, and corticotropin releasing factor may affect stress-induced eating. We know that the neural networks regulating feeding also impact other components of energy balance. Neuropeptide Y not only increases eating, it also decreases energy expenditure in brown fat and increases enzymatic activity associated with fat storage in white fat, resulting in a more obese animal. What the sites of action are of these neuroregulators and how they interact with regulators at other sites are of utmost importance. Different regions of the brain, together with the periphery, communicate via signals acting in coordinated fashion, which leads to the final outcome: eating less or more and expending less or more energy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nutr.17.1.597
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CARNITINE METABOLISM AND ITS REGULATION IN MICROORGANISMS AND MAMMALS (1998)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 18 (1998), S. 39-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In procaryotes, l-carnitine may be used as both a carbon and nitrogen source for aerobic growth, or the carbon chain may be used selectively following cleavage of trimethylamine. Under anaerobic conditions and in the absence of preferred substrates, some bacteria use carnitine, via crotonobetaine, as an electron acceptor. Formation of trimethylamine and gamma-butyrobetaine (from reduction of crotonobetaine) from l-carnitine by enteric bacteria has been demonstrated in rats and humans. Carnitine is not degraded by enzymes of eukaryotic origin. In higher organisms, carnitine has specific functions in intermediary metabolism. Concentrations of carnitine and its esters in cells of eukaryotes are rigorously maintained to provide optimal function. Carnitine homeostasis in mammals is preserved by a modest rate of endogenous synthesis, absorption from dietary sources, efficient reabsorption, and mechanisms present in most tissues that establish and maintain substantial concentration gradients between intracellular and extracellular carnitine pools.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nutr.18.1.39
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DIETARY OXIDATIVE STRESS AND THE POTENTIATION OF VIRAL INFECTION1 (1998)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 18 (1998), S. 93-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of several viral infections, including hepatitis, influenza, and AIDS. Dietary oxidative stress due to either selenium or vitamin E deficiency increases cardiac damage in mice infected with a myocarditic strain of coxsackievirus B3. Such dietary oxidative stress also allows a normally benign (i.e. amyocarditic) coxsackievirus B3 to convert to virulence and cause heart damage. This conversion to virulence is due to a nucleotide sequence change in the genome of the benign virus, which then resembles more closely the nucleotide sequence of virulent strains. Although it has been known for many years that poor nutrition can affect host response to infection, this is the first report of host nutrition affecting the genetic sequence of a pathogen. Further research is needed to determine whether poor host nutrition plays any role in the emergence of new viral diseases via alterations in the genotype of an infectious agent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nutr.18.1.93
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NUTRITIONAL PROPERTIES AND SIGNIFICANCE OF VITAMIN GLYCOSIDES (1998)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 18 (1998), S. 277-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Glycosylated forms of pyridoxine, vitamin D, niacin, pantothenate, and riboflavin exist in nature, whereas glycosides of retinol and ascorbic acid are products of in vitro transglycosidation. beta-Glucosides of pyridoxine (a) are prevalent in plant-derived foods, (b) contribute to human nutrition as partially available sources of vitamin B6, (c) undergo partial hydrolysis by a novel mammalian cytosolic beta-glucosidase, and (d) exert a weak antagonistic effect on the utilization of free pyridoxine. Niacin exists in grains as complexed forms with low bioavailability, whereas vitamin D glycosides are toxic components of certain calcinogenic plants of importance in animal health. Glycosides of pantothenate and riboflavin appear to be minor products of mammalian metabolism. Glycosylation of retinol or other hydrophobic alcohols may facilitate glycolipid turnover, whereas a stable ascorbyl glucoside may have nutritional applications. Glycosylation of vitamins exerts widely ranging chemical and biological effects, with great nutritional and metabolic significance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nutr.18.1.277
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NITROGEN CYCLING IN THE GUT (1998)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 18 (1998), S. 385-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract This review examines the involvement of the gastrointestinal tract in the utilization of nitrogen, the identities of the nitrogenous substances entering and leaving the gut, and the significance of this recycling in the overall nitrogen economy of the body. It is concerned with nonruminant mammals, including man.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nutr.18.1.385
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DIET, NUTRITION, AND PROSTATE CANCER (1998)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 18 (1998), S. 413-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Cancer of the prostate gland is one of the most common malignancies in affluent nations, in part due to the application of new screening and diagnostic tools. The development of life-threatening prostate cancer is the culmination of a complex series of initiation and promotional events over a period of decades and under the influence of many interacting genetic and environmental factors. A rapidly accumulating scientific literature provides compelling evidence for the hypothesis that diet and nutrition are important factors modifying risk of prostate cancer. Additional resources devoted to interactive research efforts by laboratory scientists and epidemiologists will provide further enlightenment and continued refinement of our assessment of risks and benefits for specific nutrients and dietary patterns. These studies provide hope that evidence-based dietary interventions will significantly impact the risk of prostate cancer and enhance the efficacy of therapeutic interventions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nutr.18.1.413
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GENETIC ENGINEERING OF PLANT LIPIDS (1999)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 19 (1999), S. 197-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Vegetable oils are a major component of human diets, comprising as much as 25% of average caloric intake. Until recently, it was not possible to exert significant control over the chemical composition of vegetable oils derived from different plants. However, the advent of genetic engineering has provided novel opportunities to tailor the composition of plant-derived lipids so that they are optimized with respect to food functionality and human dietary needs. In order to exploit this new capability, it is essential for food scientists and nutritionists to define the lipid compositions that would be most desirable for various purposes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nutr.19.1.197
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CARRIER-MEDIATED MEMBRANE TRANSPORT OF FOLATES IN MAMMALIAN CELLS (1999)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 19 (1999), S. 91-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Mediated internalization of folates is required for cellular macromolecular biosynthesis. Multiple carrier-mediated mechanisms have been identified that can fulfill this role in a variety of mammalian cell types, including neoplastic cells, with and without proliferative potential. The absorption of dietary folates also relies on the function of a carrier-mediated system in mature luminal epithelium of small intestine. The various carrier-mediated systems can be distinguished by their preferences for various folate compounds as permeants as well as by differences in temperature and pH dependence. The widely studied one-carbon, reduced-folate transport system is mediated by a transporter encoded by the newly discovered RFC-1 (reduced-folate carrier) gene. The characteristics of this gene in rodent and human cells are similar, consistent with the close similarity between these species of folate transport mediated by this transporter. However, differences occur in the form of tissue-specific expression, alternate splicing, and 5' end mRNA heterogeneity, as well as in promoter utilization regulating transcription. RFC-1 gene expression also appears to regulate luminal epithelial cell folate absorption in small intestine. However, the properties of RFC-1-mediated folate transport in these cells is anomalous when compared with that seen in nonabsorptive cell types. Detailed mechanisms as to the regulation of RFC-1 transcription are now emerging along with other information on structure and function of the transporter and its alteration following mutation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nutr.19.1.91
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Hypobetalipoproteinemias (1995)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 15 (1995), S. 23-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nu.15.070195.000323
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Whole-Body Protein Turnover in Humans-Past, Present, and Future (1995)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 15 (1995), S. 57-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nu.15.070195.000421
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of Vitamin K in Bone Metabolism (1995)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 15 (1995), S. 1-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nu.15.070195.000245
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
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    BIOAVAILABILITY AND BIOCONVERSION OF CAROTENOIDS (1998)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 18 (1998), S. 19-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Factors that influence the bioavailability of carotenoids and their bioconversion to retinol are species of carotenoids, molecular linkage, amount of carotenoids consumed in a meal, matrix in which the carotenoid is incorporated, effectors of absorption and bioconversion, nutrient status of the host, genetic factors, host-related factors, and mathematical interactions. In this paper, current knowledge of these factors is examined. Although data are not sufficiently comparable to allow an extensive systematic comparison of results, a number of conclusions can be drawn from the information available.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nutr.18.1.19
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  • 21
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    GENETIC DISORDERS OF CARNITINE METABOLISM AND THEIR NUTRITIONAL MANAGEMENT1 (1998)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 18 (1998), S. 179-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Carnitine functions as a substrate for a family of enzymes, carnitine acyltransferases, involved in acyl-coenzyme A metabolism and as a carrier for long-chain fatty acids into mitochondria. Carnitine biosynthesis and/or dietary carnitine fulfill the body's requirement for carnitine. To date, a genetic disorder of carnitine biosynthesis has not been described. A genetic defect in the high-affinity plasma membrane carnitine-carrierin leads to renal carnitine wasting and primary carnitine deficiency. Myopathic carnitine deficiency could be due to an increase in efflux moderated by the carnitine-carrierout. Defects in the carnitine transport system for fatty acids in mitochondria have been described and are being examined at the molecular and pathophysiological levels. The nutritional management of these disorders includes a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet and avoidance of those events that promote fatty acid oxidation, such as fasting, prolonged exercise, and cold. Large-dose carnitine treatment is effective in systemic carnitine deficiency.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nutr.18.1.179
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  • 22
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    THE GENETICS OF OSTEOPOROSIS: Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms (1998)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 18 (1998), S. 233-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue that leads to bone fragility and an increase in fracture risk. It is a disease with a complex etiology that includes genetic and environmental contributors. Environmental factors that influence bone density include dietary factors-such as intakes of calcium, alcohol, and caffeine-and lifestyle factors-such as exercise and smoking. Ethnic differences in the propensity to nontraumatic bone fracture suggest that genetic factors are important. Recently, common allelic variations in the vitamin D receptor gene have been found to be associated with bone mineral density in racially diverse population groups, as well as in prepubertal girls, young adult and postmenopausal women, and men. However, many studies have not been able to find this association. Additional approaches, such as sib-pair analysis, will probably be necessary in the future to identify the important genetic determinants of osteoporosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nutr.18.1.233
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  • 23
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    Personal Reflections on Clinical Investigations (1982)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 2 (1982), S. 1-21 
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    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nu.02.070182.000245
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  • 24
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    Regulation of Water Intake (1982)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 2 (1982), S. 73-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Development of Lipid Metabolism (1982)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 2 (1982), S. 91-111 
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    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nu.02.070182.000515
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    Recent Trends in Carbohydrate Consumption (1982)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 2 (1982), S. 113-132 
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    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nu.02.070182.000553
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    Cellular Folate Binding Proteins; Function and Significance (1982)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 2 (1982), S. 229-248 
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    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nu.02.070182.001305
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    Caffeine (1982)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 2 (1982), S. 323-341 
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    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nu.02.070182.001543
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    Nutrition in Renal Failure (1983)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 3 (1983), S. 125-154 
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    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nu.03.070183.001013
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    Factors Influencing Disease Expression in Hemochromatosis (1996)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 16 (1996), S. 139-160 
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    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nu.16.070196.001035
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    Mechanisms of Food Allergy Allergy (1996)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 16 (1996), S. 161-177 
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    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nu.16.070196.001113
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    Vitamin E in Humans: Demand and Delivery (1996)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 16 (1996), S. 321 
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    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nu.16.070196.001541
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    Regulation of Metabolism by Retinoic Acid and its Nuclear Receptors (1996)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 16 (1996), S. 257-283 
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    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nu.16.070196.001353
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    Dietary Change and Traditional Food Systems of Indigenous Peoples (1996)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 16 (1996), S. 417-442 
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    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nu.16.070196.002221
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    DEVELOPMENT AND BIOMEDICAL TESTING OF MILITARY OPERATIONAL RATIONS1 (1997)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 17 (1997), S. 51-75 
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    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract This article gives a brief history of military nutrition research in this century and reviews recent advances made through field testing. Although modern rations are nutritionally complete, ration developers are challenged to improve palatability to promote increased intakes in field training and combat settings. The principal goal for military nutritionists is to identify the optimal macronutrient mix and specific ration components that sustain a soldier's performance in the face of operational stressors such as sleep deprivation, intense physical activity, climatic extremes, and hypobaric hypoxia. Energy expenditures during typical field-training exercises average approximately 4000 kcal/day, whereas energy intakes are usually 3000 kcal/day or less when operational rations are consumed. One way to ameliorate the effects of this shortfall is to provide soldiers with a carbohydrate beverage supplement.
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    STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF PANCREATIC LIPASE AND COLIPASE (1997)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 17 (1997), S. 141-158 
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    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Dietary fats are essential for life and good health. Efficient absorption of dietary fats is dependent on the action of pancreatic triglyceride lipase. In the last few years, large advances have been made in describing the structure and lipolytic mechanism of human pancreatic triglyceride lipase and of colipase, another pancreatic protein that interacts with pancreatic triglyceride lipase and that is required for lipase activity in the duodenum. This review discusses the advances made in protein structure and in understanding the relationships of structure to function of pancreatic triglyceride lipase and colipase.
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    REGULATION OF MILK LIPID SECRETION AND COMPOSITION (1997)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 17 (1997), S. 159-184 
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    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Triacylglycerols make up 98% of the lipid content of milk, ranging in different species from 0 to 50% of the total milk volume. The fatty aid composition of the triacylglycerols depends on the species, the dietary fatty acid composition, and the carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio of the diet. The rate of lipid synthesis in the lactating mammary gland depends on the stage of mammary development and is decreased by fasting and starvation in ruminants and rodents but not in species that fast during lactation, such as seals and hibernating bears. Regulatory agents include insulin, prolactin, and non-esterified fatty acids. Dietary trans fatty acids may depress milk lipid synthesis under certain conditions. Evidence is presented that fatty acids may play a major regulatory role in acute changes in de novo mammary fatty acid synthesis, acting primarily on the activity of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase.
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    ROLE OF NUTRITION IN PREVENTION OF THE PROGRESSION OF RENAL DISEASE (1997)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 17 (1997), S. 435-455 
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    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In rats with renal disease, low-protein diets slow the decline in renal function, histologic damage, and mortality. Low-protein (and phosphorus) diets can also ameliorate uremic symptoms, secondary hyperparathyroidism, and metabolic acidosis in patients with chronic renal failure. Albeit controversial, evidence also suggests that dietary protein restriction can slow the rate of progression of renal failure and the time until end-stage renal failure. These dietary regimens appear to be safe and patients with chronic renal failure are able to activate normal compensatory mechanisms designed to conserve lean body mass when dietary protein intake is restricted. When low-protein diets are prescribed, patients should be closely monitored to assess dietary compliance and to ensure nutritional adequacy. Evidence that the spontaneous intake of dietary protein decreases in patients with progressive chronic renal failure who consume unrestricted diets should not be construed as an argument against the use of low-protein diets. Rather, it is a persuasive argument to restrict dietary protein intake in order to minimize complications of renal failure while preserving nutritional status.
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    ROLE OF BLOOD FLOW IN THE REGULATION OF MUSCLE GLUCOSE UPTAKE (1997)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 17 (1997), S. 487-499 
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    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Insulin vasodilates skeletal muscle vasculature via an endothelium-derived nitric oxide-dependent mechanism. Data suggests that insulin interacts directly with the endothelium to cause nitric oxide release. This insulin-mediated increase in muscle perfusion accounts for ~30% of insulin's overall action to stimulate muscle glucose uptake, suggesting a role for insulin and glucose delivery as a determinant of insulin action. Hindlimb perfusion experiments, where perfusion rate is fixed, suggest that changes in distribution of microcirculatory perfusion can modulate substrate uptake. The potential role of insulin to enhance flow through capillary networks that are efficient at nutrient transfer to tissue (nutritive flow) relative to non-nutritive flow is discussed.
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    APPLICATIONS OF MASS ISOTOPOMER ANALYSIS TO NUTRITION RESEARCH (1997)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 17 (1997), S. 559-596 
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    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Investigations into regulating metabolic pathways with stable isotopes have, over the past decade, undergone major development with the use of nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry in studying labeling patterns of newly synthesized biomolecules. In this review, we concentrate on investigations of mass isotopomer distribution (MID) measured by mass spectrometry. We review the applications of MID to analytical problems, in particular the possibility of amplifying the measurement of low isotopic enrichments by incorporating multiple molecules or atoms of a primary analyte into the molecule of a secondary analyte, the MID of which is assayed. We also review new information on the regulation of intermediary metabolism gathered from the analysis of MID patterns of synthesized compounds. Lastly, we review the applications of MID to the synthesis of polymeric molecules, with emphasis on the validity of these techniques. A number of these techniques are applicable to investigations of nutrient metabolism in health and disease.
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    DIETARY FRUCTANS (1998)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 18 (1998), S. 117-143 
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    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Fructan is a general term used for any carbohydrate in which one or more fructosyl-fructose link constitutes the majority of osidic bonds. This review focuses on the fate of inulin-type fructans (namely native chicory inulin, oligofructose produced by the partial enzymatic hydrolysis of chicory inulin, and synthetic fructans produced by enzymatic synthesis from sucrose) in the gastrointestinal tract, as well as on their systemic physiological effects on mineral absorption, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, hormone balance, and nitrogen homeostasis. The scientific evidence for the functional claims of inulin-type fructans is discussed, as well as their potential application in risk reduction of disease, namely constipation, infectious diarrhea, cancer, osteoporosis, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, obesity, and non-insulin dependent diabetes.
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    RECEPTOR-MEDIATED ENDOCYTOSIS OF COBALAMIN (VITAMIN B12) (1999)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 19 (1999), S. 173-195 
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    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Dietary cobalamin (Cbl) (vitamin B12) is utilized as methyl-Cbl and the coenzyme 5'-deoxyadenosyl Cbl by cells of the body that have the enzymes methionine synthase and methyl malonyl CoA mutase, which convert homocysteine to methionine and methyl malonyl CoA to succinyl CoA, respectively. Prior to conversions and utilizations as the active alkyl forms of Cbl, dietary Cbl is absorbed and transported across cellular plasma membranes by two receptor-mediated events. First, dietary and biliary Cbl bound to gastric intrinsic factor (IF) presented apically to the ileal absorptive enterocytes is transported to the circulation by receptor-mediated endocytosis via apically expressed IF-Cbl receptor. Second, Cbl bound to plasma transcobalamin (TC) II is taken up from the circulation by all cells via a TC II receptor expressed in the plasma membrane of these cells, and in polarized cells via a TC II receptor expressed in the basolateral membranes. This review updates recent work and focuses on (a) the molecular and cellular aspects of Cbl binding protein ligands, IF and TC II, and their cell-surface receptors, IF-Cbl receptor and TC II receptor; (b) the cellular sorting pathways of internalized Cbl bound to IF and TC II in polarized epithelial cells; and (c) the absorption and transport disorders that cause Cbl deficiency.
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    HOMOCYSTEINE METABOLISM (1999)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 19 (1999), S. 217-246 
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    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Homocysteine is a sulfur amino acid whose metabolism stands at the intersection of two pathways: remethylation to methionine, which requires folate and vitamin B12 (or betaine in an alternative reaction); and transsulfuration to cystathionine, which requires pyridoxal-5'-phosphate. The two pathways are coordinated by S-adenosylmethionine, which acts as an allosteric inhibitor of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase reaction and as an activator of cystathionine beta-synthase. Hyperhomocysteinemia, a condition that recent epidemiological studies have shown to be associated with increased risk of vascular disease, arises from disrupted homocysteine metabolism. Severe hyperhomocysteinemia is due to rare genetic defects resulting in deficiencies in cystathionine beta synthase, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, or in enzymes involved in methyl-B12 synthesis and homocysteine methylation. Mild hyperhomocysteinemia seen in fasting conditions is due to mild impairment in the methylation pathway (i.e. folate or B12 deficiencies or methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase thermolability). Post-methionine-load hyperhomocysteinemia may be due to heterozygous cystathionine beta-synthase defect or B6 deficiency. Early studies with nonphysiological high homocysteine levels showed a variety of deleterious effects on endothelial or smooth muscle cells in culture. More recent studies with human beings and animals with mild hyperhomocysteinemia provided encouraging results in the attempt to understand the mechanism that underlies this relationship between mild elevations of plasma homocysteine and vascular disease. The studies with animal models indicated the possibility that the effect of elevated homocysteine is multifactorial, affecting both the vascular wall structure and the blood coagulation system.
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    MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF VITAMIN E TRANSPORT (1999)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 19 (1999), S. 343-355 
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    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract If the function of vitamin E is that of an antioxidant and the various forms of vitamin E have similar antioxidant activities, then why does RRR-alpha-tocopherol have the highest biologic activity? This chapter describes how interactions by investigators from various scientific disciplines using stable isotopes, molecular biology tools, and sophisticated genetic studies of humans with vitamin E deficiency have led to an understanding of this problem. This chapter provides an overview of (a) studies using deuterated tocopherols that demonstrated that the plasma preference for alpha-tocopherol is dependent on metabolic processes in the liver; (b) the isolation, molecular biology, and function of the alpha-tocopherol transfer protein; and (c) studies that demonstrated that patients who were vitamin E deficient as a result of no known cause had defective alpha-tocopherol transfer protein genes. Finally, we focus on the future-what remains to be learned about the regulation of vitamin E in tissues.
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    CHARACTERIZATION OF GLYCOSYLPHOSPHATIDYLINOSITIOL-ANCHORED, SECRETED, AND INTRACELLULAR VERTEBRATE MONO-ADP-RIBOSYLTRANSFERASES1 (1999)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 19 (1999), S. 485-509 
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    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Mono-ADP-ribosylation is a posttranslational modification of proteins in which the ADP-ribose moiety of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is transferred to an acceptor amino acid. Five mammalian ADP-ribosyltransferases (ART1-ART5) have been cloned and expression is restricted to tissues such as cardiac and skeletal muscle, leukocytes, brain, and testis. ART1 and ART2 are glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored ectoenzymes. ART5 appears not to be GPI-linked and may be secreted. In skeletal muscle and lymphocytes, ART1 modifies specific members of the integrin family of adhesion molecules, suggesting that ADP-ribosylation affects cell-matrix or cell-cell interactions. In lymphocytes, ADP-ribosylation of surface proteins is associated with changes in p56lck tyrosine kinase-mediated signaling. The catalytic sites of bacterial toxins and vertebrate transferases have conserved structural features, consistent with a common reaction mechanism. ADP-ribosylation can be reversed by ADP-ribosylarginine hydrolases, resulting in the regeneration of free arginine. Thus, an ADP-ribosylation cycle may play a regulatory role in vertebrate tissues.
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    Dietary Choline: Biochemistry, Physiology, and Pharmacology (1981)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 1 (1981), S. 95-121 
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    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nu.01.070181.000523
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    Metabolic Fate of Food Colorants (1981)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 1 (1981), S. 175-205 
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    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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    Some Nutritional Considerations in the Conditioning of Athletes (1981)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 1 (1981), S. 319-350 
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    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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    Nutritional Significance of Fructose and Sugar Alcohols (1981)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 1 (1981), S. 437-475 
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    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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    The Evolution of National Nutrition Policy (1995)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 15 (1995), S. xiii 
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    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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    Regulation of Tight-Junction Permeability During Nutrient Absorption Across the Intestinal Epithelium (1995)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 15 (1995), S. 35-55 
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    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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    DEVELOPMENT OF FOOD PREFERENCES (1999)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 19 (1999), S. 41-62 
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    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Using a developmental systems perspective, this review focuses on how genetic predispositions interact with aspects of the eating environment to produce phenotypic food preferences. Predispositions include the unlearned, reflexive reactions to basic tastes: the preference for sweet and salty tastes, and the rejection of sour and bitter tastes. Other predispositions are (a) the neophobic reaction to new foods and (b) the ability to learn food preferences based on associations with the contexts and consequences of eating various foods. Whether genetic predispositions are manifested in food preferences that foster healthy diets depends on the eating environment, including food availability and child-feeding practices of the adults. Unfortunately, in the United States today, the ready availability of energy-dense foods, high in sugar, fat, and salt, provides an eating environment that fosters food preferences inconsistent with dietary guidelines, which can promote excess weight gain and obesity.
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    Physiology of the Control of Food Intake (1982)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 2 (1982), S. 371-418 
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    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nu.02.070182.002103
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    Food Faddism, Cultism, and Quackery (1983)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 3 (1983), S. 35-52 
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    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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    Niacin (1983)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 3 (1983), S. 289-307 
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    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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    Food Consumption by Individuals in the United States: Two Major Surveys (1983)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 3 (1983), S. 413-432 
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    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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    Protein Metabolism and Injury (1983)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 3 (1983), S. 433-466 
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    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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    Nutritional Energetics of Animals (1984)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 4 (1984), S. 101-114 
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    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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    Calcium and Osteoporosis (1984)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 4 (1984), S. 471-491 
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    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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    Vitamin D: Metabolism and Biological Actions (1984)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 4 (1984), S. 493-520 
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    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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    A Feast for Aesculapius: Historical Diets for Asthma and Sexual Pleasure (1983)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 3 (1983), S. 1-34 
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    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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    Absorption and Metabolism of Dietary Cholesterol (1983)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 3 (1983), S. 71-96 
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    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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    The Placenta in Nutrition (1983)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 3 (1983), S. 97-124 
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    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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    Opportunity and Obligation in Plant Pathology (1964)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 2 (1964), S. 1-12 
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    ISSN: 0066-4286
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Biology
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    Taxonomy of the Soft Rot Coliform Bacteria (1964)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 2 (1964), S. 13-42 
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    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Biology
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    Parasitism Among Neotropical Phanerogams (1964)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 2 (1964), S. 43-56 
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    ISSN: 0066-4286
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
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    Reproduction in Plant and Soil Nematodes (1964)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 2 (1964), S. 57-80 
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    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Biology
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    Role of Cuticle in the Defense against Plant Disease (1964)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 2 (1964), S. 81-100 
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    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Biology
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    Influence of Plant Exudates on Root-Infecting Fungi (1964)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 2 (1964), S. 101-132 
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    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Biology
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    Host-Specific Plant Toxins (1964)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 2 (1964), S. 133-156 
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    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Biology
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    Biochemistry of Pathological Darkening of Plant Tissues (1964)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 2 (1964), S. 157-178 
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    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
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    Infection Process in Plant Virus Diseases (1964)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 2 (1964), S. 179-202 
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    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
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    Biological and Physiological Aspects of Bacterial Wilt Caused by Pseudomonas Solanacearum (1964)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 2 (1964), S. 203-230 
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    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Biology
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    Host Responses to Vascular Infection (1964)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 2 (1964), S. 231-252 
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    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
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    Ozone Damage to Plants (1964)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 2 (1964), S. 253-266 
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    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
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    Effect of Crop-Residue Decomposition Products on Plant Roots (1964)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 2 (1964), S. 267-292 
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    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
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    Soil Fungicides (1964)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 2 (1964), S. 293-320 
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    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
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    Microbial Degradation of Synthetic Compounds (1964)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 2 (1964), S. 321-340 
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    Soil Fungistasis (1964)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 2 (1964), S. 341-362 
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    Role of Mycorrhizae in Root Disease (1964)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 2 (1964), S. 377-392 
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    Contributions of Plant Pathology to the Biological Sciences and Industry (1995)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 33 (1995), S. 1-23 
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    Pioneer Leaders in Plant Pathology: ES Luttrell (1995)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 33 (1995), S. 23-35 
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    The Impact of Molecular Characters on Systematics of Filamentous Ascomycetes (1995)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 33 (1995), S. 37-67 
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    Concepts and Terminology on Plant/Pest Relationships: Toward Consensus in Plant Pathology and Crop Protection (1995)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 33 (1995), S. 69-102 
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    The Oak Wilt Enigma: Perspectives from the Texas Epidemic (1995)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 33 (1995), S. 103-118 
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    The Relationship Between Plant Disease Severity and Yield (1995)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 33 (1995), S. 119-144 
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    The Secret Life of Foliar Bacterial Pathogens on Leaves (1995)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 33 (1995), S. 145-172 
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    Involvement of Bacterial Polysaccharides in Plant Pathogenesis (1995)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 33 (1995), S. 173-197 
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    Conceptual and Practical Aspects of Variability in Root-Knot Nematodes Related to Host Plant Resistance (1995)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 33 (1995), S. 199-221 
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    Transmission of Viruses by Plant Nematodes (1995)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 33 (1995), S. 223-249 
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    Biochemical and Biophysical Aspects of Water Deficits and the Predisposition to Disease (1995)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 33 (1995), S. 251-274 
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    Phytoalexins, Stress Metabolism, and Disease Resistance in Plants (1995)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 33 (1995), S. 275-297 
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    Active Oxygen in Plant Pathogenesis (1995)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 33 (1995), S. 299-321 
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    Pathogen-Derived Resistance to Plant Viruses (1995)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 33 (1995), S. 323-343 
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    Clonality in Soilborne, Plant-Pathogenic Fungi (1995)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 33 (1995), S. 369-391 
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    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.py.33.090195.002101
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    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 33 (1995), S. 345-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4286
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.py.33.090195.002021
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    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4286
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.py.33.090195.002241
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    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 33 (1995), S. 393-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4286
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.py.33.090195.002141
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    ISSN: 0066-4286
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.py.33.090195.002305
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    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4286
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.py.33.090195.002421
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