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  • Articles  (106,980)
  • 1995-1999  (56,273)
  • 1985-1989  (39,953)
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  • Computer Science  (106,980)
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  • Books  (11)
  • Articles  (106,980)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    News (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00120
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diary (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00121
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Representing diverse mathematical problems using neural networks in hybrid intelligent systems (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: In recent years, artificial neural networks have attracted considerable attention as candidates for novel computational systems. Computer scientists and engineers are developing neural networks as representational and computational models for problem solving: neural networks are expected to produce new solutions or alternatives to existing models. This paper demonstrates the flexibility of neural networks for modeling and solving diverse mathematical problems including Taylor series expansion, Weierstrass’s first approximation theorem, linear programming with single and multiple objectives, and fuzzy mathematical programming. Neural network representations of such mathematical problems may make it possible to overcome existing limitations, to find new solutions or alternatives to existing models, and to achieve synergistic effects through hybridization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00118
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparing neural network approximations for different functional forms (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This paper examines the capacity of feedforward neural networks (NNs) to approximate certain functional forms. Its purpose is to show that the theoretical property of ‘universal approximation’, which provides the basic rationale behind the NN approach, should not be interpreted too literally. The most important issue considered involves the number of hidden layers in the network. We show that for a number of interesting functional forms better generalization is possible with more than one hidden layer, despite theoretical results to the contrary. Our experiments constitute a useful set of counter-examples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00096
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book Reviews (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: John McCardle, Neural Network Systems Techniques and Applications
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00090
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An interactive tool for knowledge base refinement (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: We present a tool that combines two main trends of knowledge base refinement. The first is the construction of interactive knowledge acquisition tools and the second is the development of machine learning methods that automate this procedure. The tool presented here is interactive and gives experts the ability to evaluate an expert system and provide their own diagnoses on specific problems, when the expert system behaves erroneously. We also present a database scheme that supports the collection of specific instances. The second aspect of the tool is that knowledge base refinement and machine learning methods can be applied to the database, in order to automate the procedure refining the knowledge base. In this paper we examine the application of inductive learning algorithms within the proposed framework. Our main goal is to encourage the experts to evaluate expert systems and to introduce new knowledge, based on their experience.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00087
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Editorial (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00113
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Integrating symbolic and numerical features for fault prediction and diagnosis by an expert system (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This paper addresses the topic of a predictive task after integration of symbolic and numerical features by a hybrid diagnostic expert system. The online interaction of information and knowledge from various sources is achieved after successful combination of different development environments, tools and programs. The system infers using cooperatively dynamic modelling information, online sensor information, and stored knowledge in the knowledge base.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00114
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A hybrid knowledge-based system applied to epidemic screening (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Although many knowledge-based systems (KBSs) focus on single-paradigm approaches to encoding knowledge (such as production rules), experts rarely use a single type of knowledge in solving a problem. More often, an expert will apply a number of reasoning mechanisms. In recent years, rule-based reasoning (RBR), case-based reasoning (CBR) and model-based reasoning (MBR) have emerged as important and complementary reasoning methodologies in artificial intelligence. For complex problem solving, it is useful to integrate RBR, CBR and MBR. In this paper, a hybrid KBS which integrates a deductive RBR system, an inductive CBR system and a quantitative MBR system is proposed for epidemic screening. The system has been tested using real data, and results are encouraging.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00116
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic recurrent neural networks for a hybrid intelligent decision support system for the metallurgical industry (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Knowledge-based modeling and implementation of the various manufacturing processes represent an intensive research area. It is known that it is difficult to analyze the mechanisms of many industrial production processes and build dynamic models by employing classical methods for intelligent systems in manufacturing. This paper describes how to use dynamic recurrent neural networks to provide the model base of a hybrid intelligent system for the metallurgical industry with a quality control model. The hybrid system extracts the features of image sequences obtained through the vision detection subsystem and employs a dynamic recurrent neural network to assess and predict the product qualities to further coordinate the entire production process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00115
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proposing an architectural framework of a hybrid knowledge-based system for production rescheduling (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: An architectural configuration of a knowledge-based system for production rescheduling reported in this paper uncovers a number of points of interest to practitioners as well as researchers. The study shows that knowledge-based methods applied to production rescheduling are a valuable approach for manufacturers to manage production disturbances and deliver customer orders on time. Very often, developing an effective scheduling system whilst solving some problems requires an appropriate combination of a rigorous analysis of the production system state and the rules of thumb used by the human scheduler. In the actual performance of this hybrid system, an expert simulation system was used to produce new schedules that fit the real production environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00119
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    AI in the next millennium (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00103
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expert knowledge acquisition and the unwilling expert: a knowledge engineering perspective (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Expert systems are an evolving technology with the potential to make human expertise widely and cheaply available. The literature describing the development of expert systems generally assumes that experts willingly give up their knowledge. This is unrealistic and may be a reason why most expert system projects fail. This paper explores the problem of unwilling experts from the perspective of a knowledge engineer building an expert system. The link between knowledge and organizational power is established and human motivation theories are discussed. Finally, a new motivational approach is introduced to help the knowledge engineer deal with unwilling experts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00104
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A knowledge sorting process for a product design expert system (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Knowledge sorting is one way to organize the knowledge acquired from the domain expert(s) and various sources. Well-organized knowledge representation will make rule extraction much easier. This paper describes a knowledge sorting process that was developed to facilitate the rule extraction for a product design expert system. The process capitalizes on the relationships between design attributes and factors, dependent and independent variables, and consists of three stages: identification of knowledge sources, generation of taxonomic trees, and organization of acquired knowledge. An example applies the sorting process to the development of an expert system for the design of wood head golf clubs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00106
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The rise and ‘fall’ of expert systems in medicine (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This paper represents a personal perspective on the last 13 years of research in medical artificial intelligence and expert systems, and describes the progress of the discipline from its inception to its current status. The challenges faced by researchers are examined, and it is argued that (despite the claims) theoretical and technical limitations are not the major barriers to the successful implementation of medical artificial intelligence and expert systems, but rather more complex professional and organizational issues are at stake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00107
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A function-centered framework for reasoning about system failure at multiple levels of abstraction (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This paper presents the knowledge organization for a simulation subsystem that is a component of a comprehensive expert system for failure modes and effects analysis. Organizing the simulation subsystem’s knowledge base around a function-centered ontology produces an architecture that facilitates reasoning about an engineering design at multiple levels of abstraction and throughout the life-cycle of the design. Moreover, the resulting architecture provides the capability for incorporating computer-aided analysis and design tools early on into the conceptual design of an engineering system before a commitment is made to a specific technology to implement the system’s behavior. The result is an expert system simulation knowledge source that can be used to reason about the effects of system failures based on conceptual designs, i.e. designs in which commitments to an underlying technology to achieve the system’s function have not yet been made but computer-aided assistance for reasoning about the system’s potential failure modes and effects is useful.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00105
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Connectionist variable binding (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Variable binding has long been a challenge to connectionists. Attempts to perform variable binding using localist and distributed connectionist representations are discussed, and problems inherent in each type of representation are outlined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00108
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book Reviews (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Books reviewed:Daniel Kustrin, Neural Network Analysis, Architectures and ApplicationsSimon O’Keefe, Fuzzy and Neural Approaches in EngineeringJohn McCardle, Neural Network Systems Techniques and Application
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00109
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Department of Trade and Industry’s Smart Systems for Decision Makers initiative (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00110
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    News (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00111
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diary (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00112
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  • 22
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    Foreword (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00094
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Symbol processing — a challenge for neural networks? (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00095
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extending CLIPS to support temporal representation and reasoning (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Applications using expert systems for monitoring and control problems often require the ability to represent temporal knowledge and to apply reasoning based on that knowledge. Incorporating temporal representation and reasoning into expert systems leads to two problems in development: dealing with an implied temporal order of events using a non-procedural tool; and maintaining the large number of temporal relations that can occur among facts in the knowledge base. In this paper we explore these problems by using an expert system shell, CLIPS (C Language Integrated Production System), to create temporal relations using common knowledge-based constructs. We also build an extension to CLIPS through a user-defined function which generates the temporal relations from those facts. We use the extension to create and maintain temporal relations in a workflow application that monitors and controls an engineering design change review process. We also propose a solution to ensure truth maintenance among temporally related facts that links our temporal extension to the CLIPS facility for truth maintenance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00097
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    News (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00101
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of a fuzzy push delivery scheme for Internet sites (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Push technology is the term recently linked with Web-based products to indicate the built-in capability of the software package to deliver relevant information to the user automatically. In this paper, a fuzzy push delivery scheme is described which ‘observes’ the movements of the user within the Web pages and then evaluates the personal interests and preferences of the user. With the information available from the fuzzy scheme, Web site information favoured by visitors can be ‘pushed’ to them without even being requested. To verify the feasibility of the concept, a Web site with various shopping spots has been developed with built-in functions to detect the time of stay in various sites by visitors . Output from the proposed fuzzy scheme is compared with the perception of the interest level given by the visitors themselves for its evaluation. The built-in feature of the scheme can significantly enhance the functionality and attractiveness of the Web site involved and hence improve its competitiveness in the global market. The development of the proposed scheme and its evaluation in an emulated Internet environment are covered in the paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00099
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An online expert system for fault diagnosis in hydraulic systems (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Fault diagnosis has become increasingly important for industrial automation and many approaches have been investigated for the online diagnostic task. This work demonstrates a new online expert system for dynamic industrial automated processes. The emphasis of this diagnostic system lies in the functions provided for fault detection, prediction, compensation and diagnosis. The system uses experiential knowledge cooperatively with scientific knowledge in a new interactive formation. It is developed in two parts using the DASYLab software for the numerical computations and the KPWin development tool for the symbolic representations. The system was developed in collaboration with the company Automation Systems S.A., which specializes in hydraulic systems, and is used for fault detection in production machines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00100
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  • 28
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    Facilitating the use of multi-attribute utility theory in expert systems:an aid for identifying the right relative importance weights of attributes (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: In general, expert system applications to real cases involve making decisions, i.e. selecting a suitable action among a set of possible alternative actions. A well-known standard method for modelling decision problems is the so-called multi-attribute utility theory (MAUT), a method in which the alternatives are viewed in terms of their attributes. A set of attributes are identified and a specific value and a suitable relative importance weight are assigned to each attribute. However, it is not easy for the expert to quantify the relative importance weight of an attribute: this assignment entails a certain abstraction activity from the expert and, as is well known, experts have difficulty in providing their knowledge in abstract and general terms. In order to overcome this difficulty we propose a method for automatically inferring relative importance weights from a set of specific action sequences. An action sequence is a list in chronological order of the actions executed by the expert when facing specific cases of decision problems. Providing action sequences requires no other effort but remembering specific episodes, and this task is much easier for experts than having to directly provide precise numbers expressing relative importance weights. Moreover in many cases action sequences are already stored in suitable records. Consider, for example, the list of medical tests executed on a given patient, a list included in the patient clinical record stored in the clinical database of a hospital. On the basis of these considerations the proposed method should be useful for designers of expert systems which face problems of choosing the right action among a set of alternative actions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00098
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  • 29
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    Diary (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00102
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
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    Editorial (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00035-i4
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  • 31
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    Hybrid artificial intelligence approach to urban planning (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Knowledge-based modeling and implementation of the various urban planning processes represent an intensive research area. This paper presents a hybrid artificial intelligence system using a knowledge-based approach, neural networks and fuzzy logic that automates the decision-making process in urban planning. The system is used for developing urban development alternatives based on real-world data. Results show that, by integrating knowledge-based systems, artificial neural networks and fuzzy systems, the system achieves improvements in the implementation of each respective system as well as an increase in the breadth of functionality within the application. With this approach, the best of three technologies can be compiled together to solve complex urban problems. We discuss the structure of the combined technologies, as well as providing examples of its application in the field of urban development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00117
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  • 32
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    ICADS: Intelligent Car Audio Design System for product planning (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This paper describes the development of a system, ICADS (Intelligent Car Audio Design System), that can be used to effectively support product development engineers in car audio product design. We have demonstrated the use of expert system technology and the technique of quality function deployment (QFD) in supporting car audio design planning. QFD is applied as a knowledge acquisition method in this study to support car audio design teams in the development of products in a structured way that relates market demand via engineering specifications to parts specifications. We believe that other industries can use a similar approach for developing an expert system that can support product design planning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00089
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  • 33
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    An actor model for rule-based systems (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Our research originates from a study of the possibilities of integrating rules and objects in knowledge-based systems. In the present work, we are interested in the interactionist perspective of an object. The stepwise reasoning of a diagnostic expert system, possibly involving subgoaling and interactions with the environment, can be easily codified by means of production rules over proposition literals. This set of rules can be graphically represented in a network manner denoting the relations between the rules. The individual nodes in the network can be expressed by means of autonomous objects and their relations, interpreted as possible communications between them. The objects are given a structure and a proper behaviour and cooperate for performing logical reasoning by means of forward and backward chaining inference processes. Therefore, designing this system implies addressing several basic issues such as inter-object communications and their synchronization. The problem here is not necessarily to develop a great intelligence locally but to develop strong networks of good communicators. This approach belongs to the interactionist representation current, where objects are called actors. In principle, the actors may carry out computation in parallel and provide a conceptual foundation for massively concurrent object-oriented paradigms. From this point of view, a system allowing for the simultaneous investigation of several rules and premises in the forward or the backward chaining would be significantly more efficient.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00088
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    Scalability in Formal Concept Analysis (1999)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Inc
    Computational intelligence 15 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Formal Concept Analysis is a symbolic learning technique derived from mathematical algebra and order theory. The technique has been applied to a broad range of knowledge representation and exploration tasks in a number of domains. Most recorded applications of Formal Concept Analysis deal with a small number of objects and attributes, in which case the complexity of the algorithms used for indexing and retrieving data is not a significant issue. However, when Formal Concept Analysis is applied to exploration of a large numbers of objects and attributes, the size of the data makes issues of complexity and scalability crucial.This paper presents the results of experiments carried out with a set of 4,000 medical discharge summaries in which were recognized 1,962 attributes from the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS). In this domain, the objects are medical documents (4,000) and the attributes are UMLS terms extracted from the documents (1,962). When Formal Concept Analysis is used to iteratively analyze and visualize these data, complexity and scalability become critically important.Although the amount of data used in this experiment is small compared with the size of primary memory in modern computers, the results are still important because the probability distributions that determine the efficiencies are likely to remain stable as the size of the data is increased.Our work presents two outcomes. First, we present a methodology for exploring knowledge in text documents using Formal Concept Analysis by employing conceptual scales created as the result of direct manipulation of a line diagram. The conceptual scales lead to small derived purified contexts that are represented using nested line diagrams. Second, we present an algorithm for the fast determination of purified contexts from compressed representation of the large formal context. Our work draws on existing encoding and compression techniques to show how rudimentary data analysis can lead to substantial efficiency improvements in knowledge visualization.
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    Inferring dependencies from relations: a conceptual clustering approach (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Inc
    Computational intelligence 15 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: In this paper we consider two related types of data dependencies that can hold in a relation: conjunctive implication rules between attribute-value pairs, and functional dependencies. We present a conceptual clustering approach that can be used, with some small modifications, for inferring a cover for both types of dependencies. The approach consists of two steps. First, a particular clustered representation of the relation, called concept (or Galois) lattice, is built. Then, a cover is extracted from the lattice built in the earlier step. Our main emphasis is on the second step. We study the computational complexity of the proposed approach and present an experimental comparison with other methods that confirms its validity. The results of the experiments show that our algorithm for extracting implication rules from concept lattices clearly outperforms an earlier algorithm, and suggest that the overall lattice-based approach to inferring functional dependencies from relations can be seen as an alternative to traditional methods.
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    Constructing and Utilizing a Model of User Preferences in Collaborative Consultation Dialogues (1999)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Inc
    Computational intelligence 15 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: A natural language collaborative consultation system must take user preferences into account. A model of user preferences allows a system to appropriately evaluate alternatives using criteria of importance to the user. Additionally, decision research suggests both that an accurate model of user preferences could enable the system to improve a user's decision-making by ensuring that all important alternatives are considered, and that such a model of user preferences must be built dynamically by observing the user's actions during the decision-making process. This paper presents two strategies: one for dynamically recognizing user preferences during the course of a collaborative planning dialogue and the other for exploiting the model of user preferences to detect suboptimal solutions and suggest better alternatives. Our recognition strategy utilizes not only the utterances themselves but also characteristics of the dialogue in developing a model of user preferences. Our generation strategy takes into account both the strength of a preference and the closeness of a potential match in evaluating actions in the user's plan and suggesting better alternatives. By modeling and utilizing user preferences, our system is able to fulfill its role as a collaborative agent.
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    Compiling Ramification Constraints into Effect Axioms (1999)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Inc
    Computational intelligence 15 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: We present a method to derive a solution to the combined frame and ramification problems for certain classes of theories of action written in the situation calculus. The theories of action considered include the causal laws of the domain, in the form of a set of effect axioms, as well as a set of ramification state constraints. The causal laws state the direct effects that actions have on the world, and ramification state constraints allow one to derive indirect effects of actions on the domain.To solve the combined frame and ramification problems, the causal laws and ramification state constraints are replaced by a set of successor state axioms. Given a state of the world, these axioms uniquely determine the truth value of dynamic properties after an action is performed. In this article, we extend previous work by formulating an approach for the mechanical generation of these successor state axioms. We make use of the notions of implicate and support that have been developed in the context of propositional theories. The approach works for classes of syntactically restricted sets of ramification state constraints.
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    Knowledge Retrieval, Use and Storage for Efficiency (1999)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Inc
    Computational intelligence 15 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The Knowledge Retrieval, Use and Storage for Efficiency (KRUSE) symposiums aim at providing a forum for research related to efficient processing and management of complex information and knowledge. This special issue presents selected articles from the KURSE'97 symposium held in Vancouver, Canada. In this introductory article we describe the goals of KRUSE and present some background topics that are fundamental to the articles herein. In particular, we provide an overview of partial order theory, formal concept analysis and taxonomic encoding. We also outline the articles that follow.
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    Diary (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 16 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
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    A Pattern-Based Approach Using Compound Unit Recognition and Its Hybridization with Rule-Based Translation (1999)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Inc
    Computational intelligence 15 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This paper describes a compound unit (CU) recognizer as a pattern-based approach and its hybridization with rule-based translation. A compound unit is a combined concept including collocations, idioms, and compound nouns. CU recognition reduces part of speech ambiguities by combining several words into a unit and consequently lessening the parsing load. It also provides pretranslated natural equivalents. Our focus in this paper is to obtain flexibility and efficiency from pattern-based machine translation, and high-quality translation by hybridization. A modified trie, our search index structure using “method” strategy is used to manage heterogeneous property of the constituents. Syntactic verification is integrated to obtain precise CU recognition by means of pruning wrongly recognized units that are caused by improper variable hypotheses. The experimental result with verification shows that the precision of CU recognition is increased to 99.69% with 31 CFG rules on the cyclic trie structure for 1,268 Wall Street Journal articles of the Penn Treebank. Another experiment with CU recognition also shows that it raises the understandability of translation for Web documents.
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    English-Thai Translation: Initial Experiments with a Multiphase Translation System (1999)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Inc
    Computational intelligence 15 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: A multiphase machine translation approach, Generate and Repair Machine Translation (GRMT), is proposed. GRMT is designed to generate accurate translations that focus primarily on retaining the linguistic meaning of the source language sentence. GRMT presently incorporates a limited multilingual translation capability. The central idea behind the GRMT approach is to generate a translationcandidate (TC) by quick and dirty machine translation (QDMT), then investigate the accuracy of that TC by translation candidate evaluation (TCE), and, if necessary, revise the translation in the repair and iterate (RI) phase. To demonstrate the GRMT approach, a translation system that translates from English to Thai has been developed. This paper presents the design characteristics and some experimental results of QDMT and also the initial design, some experiments, and proposed ideas behind TCE and RI.
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    Aggregation in Natural Language Generation (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Inc
    Computational intelligence 15 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The content of real-world databases, knowledge bases, database models, and formal specifications is often highly redundant and needs to be aggregated before these representations can be successfully paraphrased into natural language. To generate natural language from these representations, a number of processes must be carried out, one of which is sentence planning where the task of aggregation is carried out. Aggregation, which has been called ellipsis or coordination in Linguistics, is the process that removes redundancies during generation of a natural language discourse, without losing any information.The article describes a set of corpus studies that focus on aggregation, provides a set of aggregation rules, and finally, shows how these rules are implemented in a couple of prototype systems. We develop further the concept of aggregation and discuss it in connection with the growing literature on the subject. This work offers a new tool for the sentence planning phase of natural language generation systems.
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    Title Index for Volume 15 (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Inc
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    Introduction to the Special Issue on PACLING '97 (1999)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Inc
    Computational intelligence 15 (1999), S. 0 
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    Retrieving Domain-Specific Collocations by Co-occurrences and Word Order Constraints (1999)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Inc
    Computational intelligence 15 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: In this paper, we describe a method for automatically retrieving collocations from large text corpora. This method comprises the following stages: (1) extracting strings of characters as units of collocations, and (2) extracting recurrent combinations of strings as collocations. Through this method, various types of domain-specific collocations can be retrieved simultaneously. This method is practical because it uses plain text with no specific-language-dependent information, such as lexical knowledge and parts of speech. Experimental results using English and Japanese text corpora show that the method is equally applicable to both languages.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0824-7935.00085
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    Cooperative Understanding of Utterances and Gestures in a Dialogue-Based Problem Solving System (1999)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Inc
    Computational intelligence 15 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: A dialogue plays an important role in learning how to solve a problem and form a concept. We are developing a problem solving and knowledge acquisition system based on co-reference between drill texts and dialogue with a teacher, focusing on first-grade mathematics. This paper presents a method of cooperative understanding of utterances and gestures within dialogue. We first describe our system design principles, which provide the basis for the integration of multimodal information during a dialogue. We define a principle of complementarity, explain its implementation, and describe the architecture of the problem solving system. We then show how to integrate our algorithms for utterance and gesture analysis within that software architecture. A feature-based approach is used for gesture recognition, derived from a sequence of images arising during the cooperative analysis of utterances. We conclude with an evaluation of the system against the design principles.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0824-7935.00089
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    AI Can Rival Control Theory for Goal Achievement in a Challenging Dynamical System (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Inc
    Computational intelligence 15 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Nonlinear dynamical systems are notoriously difficult to control. The Acrobot is an under-actuated double pendulum in a gravitational field. Under most driving schemes the Acrobot exhibits chaotic behavior. But with careful applications of energy it is possible to gradually pump the system so as to swing it over its supporting joint. This swing-up task is of current interest to control theory researchers.Conventional notions of AI planning are not easily extended to domains with interacting continuously varying quantities. Such continuous domains are often dynamic; important properties change over time even when no action is taken. Noise and error propagation can preclude accurately characterizing the effects of actions or predicting the trajectory of an undisturbed system through time. A plan must be a conditional action policy or a control strategy that carefully nudges the system as it strays from a desired course. Automatically generating such plans or action strategies is the subject of this research.An AI system successfully learns to perform the swing-up task using an approach called explanation-based control (EBC). The approach combines a plausible qualitative domain theory with empirical observation. Results are in some respects superior to the known control theory strategies. Of particular importance to AI is EBC's notion of a “plan” or “strategy” and its method for automatic synthesis. Experimental evidence confirms EBC's ability and generality.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0824-7935.00097
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    Efficient Processing of Queries and Assertions about Qualitative and Quantitative Temporal Constraints (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Inc
    Computational intelligence 15 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: A critical problem for managers of temporal information is the treatment of assertions and of complex types of queries because in many cases the treatment could involve reasoning on the whole knowledge base of temporal constraints. We propose an efficient approach to this problem. First, we show how different types of queries can be answered (in a complete way) in a time polynomial in the dimension of the query and independently of the dimension of the knowledge base. Second, we provide an efficient (and complete) procedure to deal with sessions of interleaved assertions and queries to the knowledge base. We provide both analytical and experimental evaluations of our approach, and we discuss some application areas.
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    Feasible Formation of Coalitions Among Autonomous Agents in Nonsuperadditive Environments (1999)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Inc
    Computational intelligence 15 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Cooperating and sharing resources by creating coalitions of agents are important ways for autonomous agents to execute tasks and to maximize payoff. Such coalitions will form only if each member of a coalition gains more by joining the coalition than it could gain otherwise. There are several ways of creating such coalitions and dividing the joint payoff among the members. In this paper we present algorithms for coalition formation and payoff distribution in nonsuperadditive environments. We focus on a low-complexity kernel-oriented coalition formation algorithm. The properties of this algorithm were examined via simulations. These have shown that the model increases the benefits of the agents within a reasonable time period, and more coalition formations provide more benefits to the agents.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0824-7935.00092
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    Integrating Case-Based and Rule-Based Reasoning to Meet Multiple Design Constraints (1999)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Inc
    Computational intelligence 15 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Although case-based reasoning (CBR) was introduced as an alternative to rule-based reasoning (RBR), there is a growing interest in integrating it with other reasoning paradigms, including RBR. New hybrid approaches are being piloted to achieve new synergies and improve problem-solving capabilities. In our approach to integration, CBR is used to satisfy multiple numeric constraints, and RBR allows the performance of “what if” analysis needed for creative design.The domain of our investigation is nutritional menu planning. The task of designing nutritious, yet appetizing, menus is one at which human experts consistently outperform computer systems. Tailoring a menu to the needs of an individual requires satisfaction of multiple numeric nutrition constraints plus personal preference goals and aesthetic criteria.We first constructed and evaluated independent CBR and RBR menu planning systems, then built a hybrid system incorporating the strengths of each system. The hybrid outperforms either single strategy system, designing superior menus, while synergistically providing functionality that neither single strategy system could provide. In this paper, we present our hybrid approach, which has applicability to other design tasks in which both physical constraints and aesthetic criteria must be met.
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    Resolving Ambiguous Segmentation of Korean Compound Nouns Using Statistics and Rules (1999)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Inc
    Computational intelligence 15 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Korean compound nouns may be written as a sequence of characters without blanks between unit nouns. For Korean processing systems, Korean compound nouns have to be first segmented into a sequence of unit nouns. However, the segmentation task is difficult because a sequence of characters may be ambiguously segmented to several sequences of appropriate unit nouns. Moreover, this task is not trivial because Korean compound nouns may include many unknown unit nouns.This paper proposes a new method for KCNS (Korean Compound Noun Segmentation) and reports on the appliccation of such a segmentationtechnique to enhance the performance of an information retrieval system. According to our method, compound nouns are first segmented by using a dictionary and structure patterns. If they are ambiguously segmented, we resolve the ambiguities by using statistical information and a preference rule. Moreover, we employ three kinds of heuristics in order to segment compound nouns with unknown unit nouns.To evaluate KCNS, we use three kinds of data from various domains. Experimental results show that the precision of KCNS's output is approximately 96% on average, regardless of domains. The effectiveness of using the segmented unit nouns provided by KCNS for indexing is proved by improving retrieval performance of our information retrieval system.
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    Knowledge Discovery in Complex Objects (1999)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Inc
    Computational intelligence 15 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Learning concepts and rules from structured (complex) objects is a quite challenging but very relevant problem in the area of machine learning and knowledge discovery. In order to take into account and exploit the semantic relationships that hold between atomic components of structured objects, we propose a knowledge discovery process, which starts from a set of complex objects to produce a set of related atomic objects (called contexts). The second step of the process makes use of the concatenation product to get a global context in which binary relations of individual contexts coexist with relations produced by the application of some operators to individual contexts. The last step permits the discovery of concepts and implication rules using the concept lattice as a framework in order to discover and interpret nontrivial concepts and rules that may relate different components of complex objects. This paper focuses on two main steps of the knowledge discovery process, namely data mining and interpretation.
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    Efficient Implementation of Semantic Relations in Lexical Databases (1999)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Inc
    Computational intelligence 15 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: In this paper we develop a formalization of semantic relations that facilitates efficient implementations of relations in lexical databases or knowledge representation systems using bases. The formalization of relations is based on a modeling of hierarchical relations in Formal Concept Analysis. Further, relations are analyzed according to Relational Concept Analysis, which allows a representation of semantic relations consisting of relational components and quantificational tags. This representation utilizes mathematical properties of semantic relations. The quantificational tags imply inheritance rules among semantic relations that can be used to check the consistency of relations and to reduce the redundancy in implementations by storing only the basis elements of semantic relations. The research presented in this paper is an example of an application of Relational Concept Analysis to lexical databases and knowledge representation systems (cf. Priss 1996) which is part of a larger framework of research on natural language analysis and formalization.
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    An Algorithm for Minimal Insertion in a Type Lattice (1999)
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    Computational intelligence 15 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8640
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The problem of inserting a new element x into a lattice of types L is addressed in the paper. As the poset L+x obtained by the direct insertion of x in L is not necessarily a lattice, some set of auxiliary elements should be added to restore the lattice properties. An approach toward the lattice insertion is presented which allows the set of auxiliary elements to be kept minimal. The key idea is to build the final lattice L+ as isomorphic to the Dedekind–McNeille completion of the order L+x. Our strategy is based on a global definition of the set of auxiliary elements and their locations in L+. Each auxiliary is related to a specific element of L, an odd, which represents GLB (LUB) of some elements in L superior (inferior) to x. An appropriate computation scheme for the auxiliary types is given preserving the subtyping in the lattice L+. The insertion strategy presented is more general than the existing ones, since it deals with general kinds of lattices and makes no hypothesis on the location of x in L. An algorithm computing L+ from L and x of time complexity O(|L||J(L)|ω^3(L)) is provided.
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    Encoding of Multiple Inheritance Hierarchies and Partial Orders (1999)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Inc
    Computational intelligence 15 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Efficient implementation of type inclusion is an important feature of object oriented programming languages with multiple inheritance. The idea is to associate to each type a subset of a set S={1,...,k} such that type inclusion coincides with subset inclusion. Such an embedding of types into 2S (the lattice of all subsets of S) is called a bit-vector encoding of the type hierarchy. In this paper, we show that most known bit-vector encoding methods can be inserted on a general theoretical framework using graph coloration, namely the notion of a simple encoding. We use the word simple because all these methods are heuristics for the general bit-vector encoding problem, known as the 2-dimension problem. First we provide a correct algorithm for partial orders based on simple encoding, improving the algorithm of Krall, Vitek, and Horspool (1997). Second we show that finding an optimal simple encoding is an NP-hard problem. We end with a discussion on some practical issues.
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    On Social Constraints for Rational Agents (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Inc
    Computational intelligence 15 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: We define and study social constraints for rational agents. Our work is complementary to work on mechanism design in economics and Distributed Artificial Intelligence, as well as to work on artificial social systems. In our setting agents are rational but obey social laws that are imposed by the system's designer. Agents can be obliged to obey some social constraints, but not any constraint can serve as part of the social law. The main theme of our work is the study of settings where there are restrictions on the constraints that can serve as social laws. In such settings the designer should find social laws that can be imposed on the agents, and that will lead rational agents to satisfactory behavior. Our study is carried out in the context of zero-sum and general-sum games (with complete and with incomplete information) in extensive form.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0824-7935.00098
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    Note of Appreciation from the Editors (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Inc
    Computational intelligence 15 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8640.00096
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    Time Series Prediction With Genetic-Algorithm Designed Neural Networks: An Empirical Comparison With Modern Statistical Models (1999)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Inc
    Computational intelligence 15 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Neural networks whose architecture is determined by genetic algorithms outperform autoregressive integrated moving average forecasting models in six different time series examples. Refinements to the autoregressive integrated moving average model improve forecasting performance over standard ordinary least squares estimation by 8% to 13%. In contrast, neural networks achieve dramatic improvements of 10% to 40%. Additionally, neural networks give evidence of detecting patterns in data which remain hidden to the autoregression and moving average models. The consequent forecasting potential of neural networks makes them a very promising addition to the variety of techniques and methodologies used to anticipate future movements in time series.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0824-7935.00090
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    Experimentation-Driven Knowledge Acquisition for Planning (1999)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Inc
    Computational intelligence 15 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Knowledge engineering for planning is expensive and the resulting knowledge can be imperfect. To autonomously learn a plan operator definition from environmental feedback, our learning system WISER explores an instantiated literal space using a breadth-first search technique. Each node of the search tree represents a state, a unique subset of the instantiated literal space. A state at the root node is called a seed state. WISER can generate seed states with or without utilizing imperfect expert knowledge. WISER experiments with an operator at each node. The positive state, in which an operator can be successfully executed, constitutes initial preconditions of an operator. We analyze the number of required experiments as a function of the number of missing preconditions in a seed state. We introduce a naive domain assumption to test only a subset of the exponential state space. Since breadth-first search is expensive, WISER introduces two search techniques to reorder literals at each level of the search tree. We demonstrate performance improvement using the naive domain assumption and literal-ordering heuristics. To learn the effects of an operator, WISER computes the delta state, composed of the add list and the delete list, and parameterizes it. Unlike previous systems, WISER can handle unbound objects in the delta state. We show that machine-generated effects definitions are often simpler in representation than expert-provided definitions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0824-7935.00093
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    Establishing instructional resources on the Web: a joint-university effort (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 12-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Co-ordinated by their scholarly association, textile/apparel faculty from multiple universities have succeeded in establishing a World Wide Web server dedicated to providing information from across their disciplines to enhance instruction. The process of server establishment and Web-site creation including funding, determination of information for posting, problems encountered, and future plans are reviewed. Other faculty could use this as a guide in establishing servers and Web sites for their own disciplines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910260262
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    CyberInteractor - a teaching and research tool (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 17-23 
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    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: An original computer-based tool, dubbed CyberInteractor, is described. CyberInteractor is designed to facilitate immediate student feedback to an instructor and to other students in a classroom setting or via the World Wide Web. Feedback is saved in a database for educational research purposes. Students view a question that can include pictures, diagrams, a movie or sound clip, random numbers, and calculations involving the random numbers. After responding, they receive feedback showing how other students in the same class have responded. Newsgroups enable students to explain their reasoning. Instructors can give pre-tests and post-tests, and collect the answers and student discussions in files that can be analyzed later, thus facilitating the collection and processing of data from large numbers of students.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910260352
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    Institutional response to computer-related repetitive strain injury (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 27-29 
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    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Describes results of efforts to find institutional models for preventing computer-related repetitive strain injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910260389
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    Combining feedback and assessment via Web-based homework (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 24-26 
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    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Multiple choice homework, including feedback on each incorrect answer, is administered over the Web using an in-house program. The large enrollments in lower division courses hinder the use of homework without the aid of a computer for grading, recording, and reporting. The current system permits faculty to create assignments using only a word processor, which allows the facile inclusion of symbols, pictures, and other non-textual information. This is particularly important in science classes, where such material is a major part of any assignment. The system includes security measures, and reports scores back to instructors in a form which can be easily included into a spreadsheet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910260370
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    Faculty publishing productivity: the emerging role of network connectivity (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 30-38 
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    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The identification of variables related to faculty publishing productivity is essential in promoting campus information and work environments that foster creativity. This study explores personal and institutional factors, especially the emerging role of the campus telecommunications environment, that support faculty productivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910260398
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    Confessions of a doubtful shaman (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 39-43 
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    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: While the research literature is full of glowing reports of amazing success stories, this article enlightens the troops in the trenches with a disaster the author encountered in 1997 trying to implement distance learning of two classes in technology. Though we all want to hear success stories, many times we learn more from failure. This personal narrative explores what went wrong and what can be learned from the mistakes of others in the field
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910260406
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    Deploying Novell's BorderManager Internet Security Firewall: a case study (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 57-62 
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    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Discusses the need for a security firewall. Describes the different firewall technologies and models available for deploying security firewalls. Describes the set of specifications chosen to implement the security firewall at the Tata Energy Research Institute and the approach taken to implement these specifications. Also describes the resources on security mailing lists, including Web sites available on the Internet.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910272007
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    Providing feedback to distant students (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 63-69 
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    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Describes a feedback system for distant students including the tools and documents to provide feedback on frequent fixed response assignments and on projects or essay response assignments. A distance feedback system depends upon carefully planned, written assignments; specified evaluation criteria; and technology. It includes documentation, progress tracking, standardized responses based upon the specified evaluation criteria, and multiple assessments during the course. The proposed feedback system accommodates technological limitations yet provides useful feedback to facilitate distant student learning. The system could be adapted to benefit students enrolled in traditional instruction. A description of the feedback system components follows a brief introduction to instructional feedback and feedback levels and functions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910272016
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    Strategic information planning and campus information systems development in Indonesia (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 70-76 
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    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: University strategic planning for information systems and management was investigated for four Indonesian higher educational institutions. A combination of the case study approach and a survey of a small sample of academic staff who have used the systems, was undertaken. Staff perceptions of the service from information systems are described, and related to their perceptions of planning for these systems. A number of evaluations of specific information sources and delivery are given in detail. Policy document analysis showed little information systems planning as part of the university strategic planning. Some observations are made about the influence of strategic information system planning upon successful use of a university's information systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910272025
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    Multimedia modules for enhancing technical laboratory sessions (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 81-95 
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    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: University students often enter physical laboratory sessions with minimal knowledge of the experiments to be conducted and little or no understanding of the underlying concepts that govern the investigations. As a result, lab time is used inefficiently; motivated students lose interest and routine procedures are followed with minimal learning. The authors have developed a set of multimedia modules meant to enhance, not replace, the technical laboratory experience. The modules are akin to well-conceived laboratory manuals applying multimedia tools, such as digital images and video clips, to better prepare the students for upcoming laboratory sessions. The modules are accessible through the Internet and include mechanisms for exchanging information.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910281241
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    The library and you: curriculum integrated library instruction via the WWW (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 89-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: As an instructional medium, the World Wide Web offers a multitude of options for educators. This paper highlights the design, implementation and use of the WWW to provide and evaluate library instruction including: a curriculum- integrated tutorial for learning online resources, critical thinking and other information literacy skills; "Ask a librarian" e-mail reference service; a multi-user object-oriented environment (MOO) for real-time course-integrated instruction and synchronous reference service.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910272034
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    The essentials of effective online instruction (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 104-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Discusses the steps necessary to design an effective online course. Four essential steps are identified and considered: defining course objectives, providing access to information resources, developing and implementing effective learning strategies, and providing timely, context-specific feedback and motivational support to students. The aim of effective online course design is to produce a network learning environment in which students are able to construct progressively more adequate models of a targeted knowledge domain and acquire competence in using them in real-life situations. In order to accomplish this aim, technology must be used wisely, in pedagogically sound ways, within the context of a supportive institutional infrastructure, and in a manner that avoids some common obstacles to effective online learning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910281269
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    Dear WWW: interacting with the public through the World Wide Web (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 125-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: For many educational institutions the World Wide Web has become a major avenue of communication with its constituencies. Students, potential students, faculty, staff, people at other institutions and the general public are all directing their questions to the e-mail address www@institution.edu The personnel that receive this mail are often ill-prepared for the quantity and variety of questions that arrive. This paper examines the evolution of this problem over the first four years of UC Davis' use of the Web, and presents some of the strategies that have proven useful for managing this onslaught.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910289865
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    Effects of virtual reality support compared to video support in a high-school world geography class (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 95-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Virtual reality (VR) is a new computational paradigm that redefines the interface between human and computer. VR may result in a significant improvement over traditional instruction because it is not only an interactive multimedia tool but also a learning environment that is extremely close to reality. Yet there have been few empirical studies on the use of VR compared to that of other computerized or non-computerized educational tools. Examines VR both in different scenarios and for different applications in learning and teaching. The evaluation plan reported here addresses one aspect of such an assessment specifically ± the effect of VR support compared to that of video support in tenth graders' learning of world geography. One world geography course (N = 36) selected for this experiment was composed of five units. A rotation treatment was used, each group using VR for two units and videos for two units; in addition, one unit was optional for every student. Three procedures were used for data collection and analysis: to determine the effect of VR support, competency tests were administered; to determine student attitudinal responses toward VR, students were required to complete a survey and be interviewed; and to determine the tendency of returning to VR, students were given the option of attending the VR lab. This investigation was limited in several respects (e.g. data from a sample of students in a single class may not be representative of the population).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910281250
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    The human side of campus computing (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 131-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Discusses the effect that campus-based systems have on institutional culture. Strategic planning and decisions regarding information technology (IT), one of the few things that touches every member and unit on campus, needs to consider how IT changes the very culture of the institution. Major changes impact not only those directly involved in its development and use, but non-users as well.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910289883
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    Ecrire La Fontaine: technology for reading literature (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 140-143 
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    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Today, foreign language teaching can find important resources in technology, the Internet, etc.; but how the teaching of foreign literature, or literature in general, might benefit from technology remains a more open question. The project "Writing La Fontaine" seeks to complement the traditional practice of literary imitation with technology that facilitates writing and peer-editing. The project allows for detailed study of the literary text and may provide a possible model for the use of technology in the teaching of literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910289919
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    Creation and evolution of a Web-based reference collection for an academic community (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 157-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Describes the development of a Web-based reference collection for an academic community. Includes such topics as collection development policies, tailoring the site to a specific audience, staff motivation, and site design. Discusses successes, failures and modifications during the first two years of the project.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910289928
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    Using an Internet-based distance learning model to teach introductory finance (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 136-139 
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    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This paper focuses on the development of an Internet-based distance learning model for teaching the introductory finance course in the Finance Department at Florida Gulf Coast University (FGCU), America's newest institution of higher education which opened in August 1997. An important component of the mission of FGCU is the incorporation of technology and the needs of the regional community into curriculum design. The department felt it was important to develop a separate Internet-based course as an alternative to the traditional in-class introductory finance course. In this Internet-based course students are required to participate in a "boot camp" for the first few weeks, which covers only the most complex aspects of the course. After this initial period, the course is completely Web-based in design. The Web page for this course, located at http://www.tmag.com/sgarrison/courses/fin3240d/index.html, contains a variety of pedagogical materials to help students learn and comprehend course content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910289892
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    If you build it, will they come? (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 175-178 
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    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Describes how a core group of faculty built the Lucid Chemistry Web Site over four years and how students in large first and second year chemistry courses have started to use it (slowly at first, and now to near 100 percent participation in some classes). The facility has been developed for use by key administrative units (Testing and Evaluation, Computer Services). Now coming to the Lucid Chemistry Web Site are roughly one-half of the chemistry department instructors and tenure-track faculty. Asks whether the task of teaching needs more "builders". Argues that more administrative involvement is needed with material creation and distribution. Will more users come? Yes, 100 percent participation by both teachers and students is a possibility. Mechanisms for achieving this goal are explored.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910299909
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    Consumer cost differences for traditional and Internet markets (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 82-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: In this paper we address research issues related to the economics of electronic, Internet-based markets. First, what are the consumer cost-based differences for traditional and electronic markets? Second, what revenue implications does increased electronic market utilization have for sellers and transaction intermediaries? Based on an empirical, survey-based study of an electronic market in the sports trading card industry we find that prices, search costs, and sales taxes are lower in the electronic markets, while risk costs, distribution costs, and market costs are lower in traditional markets. We discuss the implications this has for seller, intermediary and government revenue sources.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910264819
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    Corporate Web sites in traditional print advertisements (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 93-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This study attempts to better understand how marketers are creating bridges between traditional advertising and the Internet. As such, it describes the Web presence in print advertisement. A content analysis of 1,249 ads in 20 magazines found: 42 percent included Web addresses; Business Week ads were most likely to include Web addresses; 98 percent of print advertisements for autos included Web addresses, while office equipment advertisements (including computer ads) included Web addresses only 10 percent of the time; and that 68 percent of Web sites were used to develop a database of potential customers.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910264846
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    The changing role of community networks in providing citizen access to the Internet (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 100-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This article examines the changing role of community network associations or "freenets" in providing Internet access by examining the case of the Calgary Community Network Association (CCNA) located in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The changing role of the CCNA is examined against the backdrop of the withdrawal of states from the telecommunications field, the priorities of the Canadian government, and the role of the private sector. Community networks may ultimately focus on persons who do not have computers, while advertising supported services may attract those with computers who may not wish or cannot afford to pay a commercial Internet Service Provider (ISP).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910264855
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    Going with the flow: Web sites and customer involvement (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 109-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This paper investigates a structure of commercial Web sites, and then attempts to analyse various patterns that emerge which may be of future use as a guideline to businesses that intend establishing a Web presence. Key to the understanding of these patterns is a clearer grasp of the implications of human interaction with the new medium. The focus is on an experiential construct, namely flow, and how this might vary by Web site, and on using this to begin to unravel the secrets of good commercial Web site design and its implications for business.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910264873
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    Searching the Web: a survey of EXCITE users (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 117-128 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Web search services are now a major source of information for a growing number of people. We need to know more about how users search Web search engines to improve the effectiveness of their information retrieval. This paper reports results from a major study exploring users' information searching behavior on the EXCITE Web search engine. The study is the first to investigate Web users' successive searching behavior as they conduct related searches
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910264882
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    Evaluating domestic and international Web-site strategies (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 297-308 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This paper presents the AIPD approach to the evaluation of commercial Web sites within or across borders. The author explains how benchmarking techniques can be used to compare attracting, informing, positioning, and delivering (AIPD) strategies of Web sites in order to clarify strategic opportunities or advantages. The AIPD model is then used to compare the Internet strategies of some Japanese and American banks. Results show that Japanese banks have created more dynamic and content rich Internet environments than their American counterparts. Cultural and institutional differences are given for the contrasting approaches to Web design, information and service delivery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910286842
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  • 85
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    Telecommunication and information infrastructures in the Botswana and SADC development strategy (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 287-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: By 2016, Botswana aspires to triple its 1994 per capita income and to completely diversify its economic base. The Southern African Development Community (SADC) objectives, as spelt out in the SADC Policy document, emphasise the attainment of enhanced development and economic growth, poverty alleviation, and support of the socially disadvantaged through regional integration. Since telecommunications have long been recognised as the engine for economic growth, the aspirations of SADC and Botswana are consistent with the SADC Protocol on Transport, Communications, and Metrology, which aims at developing a reliable, efficient, vibrant, consumer-driven telecommunications sector. We examine the focus of the World Bank and the International Telecommunications Union, in global telecommunications development. We then discuss the efforts of Botswana and other SADC states in ensuring that they take advantage of the private sector finances to build reliable, sophisticated public telecommunications networks for entry into the Global Information Infrastructure (GII).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910286824
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  • 86
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    The authors of academic library home pages: their identity, training and dissemination of Web construction skills (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 309-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This article reports on a study designed to identify the authors of academic library home pages and to investigate the nature of their training and their use of newly-acquired Web design skills. The major finding of the study is that librarians more often than non-librarians are assuming the responsibility for writing home pages for academic libraries in very large public colleges and universities. In addition to professional identity, factors such as length of service to an institution, current job title, and prior education play a role in determining the likelihood that an individual will write the home page for his or her employing library. Learning the skills needed to write a home page requires time for training. Institutional support for training is considered vital and well worth the investment because training is very often disseminated beyond the home page authors. Teaching others Web construction skills is one of the ways library home page authors most frequently apply their newly acquired abilities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910286833
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  • 87
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    Electronic courses: old wine in new bottles? (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 339-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Offerings of electronic courses and degrees are growing at a surprising rate. Some have surmised that E courses represent the future for higher education and that the traditional university may soon be a relic of the past: do E courses represent a significant improvement over traditional pedagogy for educating students? In this context, 305 questionnaires were sent by e-mail to accounting chairpersons in the USA. A total of 94 usable responses was received. Nearly 65 per cent of the respondents indicated that E courses are simply correspondence courses presented with new technology. Those who view E courses as correspondence courses are more negative on offering E courses in university programs or offering degrees through the completion of only E courses. They are also more restrictive with E courses, favoring the proctoring of exams and requiring students to come to campus as part of the E course. Additionally, they tended to agree that "the student-to-student and the student-to-instructor interaction that are missing in E courses makes them less valuable to the student." Instead of viewing E courses and E degrees as the "university of the future", they see them as adjuncts to university programs just as correspondence courses have been for decades.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910297741
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  • 88
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    An analysis of fraud on the Internet (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 348-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This paper examines the issue of fraud on the Internet and discusses three areas with significant potential for misleading and fraudulent practices, namely: securities sales and trading; electronic commerce; and the rapid growth of Internet companies. The first section of the paper discusses securities fraud on the Internet. Activities that violate US securities laws are being conducted through the Internet, and the US Securities and Exchange Commission has been taking steps to suppress these activities. The second section of the paper discusses fraud in electronic commerce. The rapid growth of electronic commerce, and the corresponding desire on the part of consumers to feel secure when engaging in electronic commerce, has prompted various organizations to develop mechanisms to reduce concerns about fraudulent misuse of information. It is questionable, however, whether these mechanisms can actually reduce fraud in electronic commerce. The third section of the paper discusses the potential for fraud arising from the rapid growth of Internet companies, often with little economic substance and lacking traditional management and internal controls. The paper examines the three areas of potential Internet fraud mentioned above and suggest ways in which these abuses may be combated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910297750
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  • 89
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    Mobile agents for Web-based systems management (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 360-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The increasing dimension and heterogeneity of global Web systems make their management with tools based on the client/server model more difficult. The mobile agent technology overcomes the limits of traditional approaches and proposes solutions that are suitable for the management of distributed and heterogeneous Internet-based systems. The paper describes the MAMAS environment and its implementation with a mobile agent technology. MAMAS has the goals of monitoring the whole system, introducing dynamic corrective actions and modifying system policies at run-time. MAMAS achieves these objectives by answering the guidelines of both security and compliance to standards. The choice of Java as the implementation language has made it possible to achieve portability, to exploit the language security features, and to provide Web accessibility. The MAMAS compliance with CORBA ensures interoperability with legacy management platforms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910297769
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  • 90
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    Security implications of electronic commerce: a survey of consumers and businesses (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 372-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Examines the general requirement for security technologies in order to provide a basis for trust in the e-commerce environment. The discussion is supported by the findings from two surveys, conducted by the authors, among general Internet users (i.e. potential target consumers) and commercial businesses. These surveys considered both the attitudes to e-commerce in general and opinions relating to the associated security requirements. Attempts were also made to assess the respondent's knowledge of the existing security safeguards that may be applied. The survey results suggest that, while there is significant concern among Internet-based consumers regarding the security of their purchasing activities, these are outweighed by the merits offered by the medium. The results also suggested a lack of awareness or understanding of the security technologies that are available and it is concluded that overcoming this problem would help to establish a wider foundation of trust in the new technology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910297778
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  • 91
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    Benchmarking: a tool for Web site evaluation and improvement (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 383-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Although benchmarking has touched many areas of an organization, including information systems, very few examples are available on how this powerful methodology can be used to specifically address one of the fastest growing elements within information systems - the World Wide Web. This paper presents a case study on how benchmarking was used to determine how one organization's Web site compared to Web sites of related schools and professional organizations. The results of the benchmarking study provided a measure of how our Web site compares to the sites of related organizations, ideas on how we may further enhance our site, and also a way to regularly evaluate our site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910297787
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  • 92
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    The value of using students as participants in educational software development: differentiated outcomes within an open learning environment (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 16 (1999), S. 179-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Not enough attention has been given to the psychological and educational value of student participation. Provides an overview and some answers derived from a project on guided design and development of interactive multimedia learning environments. Shows the relevant trends in modern education as well as the psychological relation and benefits to the learners and the institution. The time has come to use the challenges of design in a constructivist fashion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749910300799
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  • 93
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    Security aspects of an enterprise-wide network architecture (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 8-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Two main areas of activity can be identified in the field of network security: the local area network and the common point between networks. Presents an overview of two projects concerning the above-mentioned areas. While the first will concern security architectures based on active firewall components, the second presents a secure intranet solution. The combination of active firewall components with the DMZ concept can translate a security policy into reality and will result in a high level security firewall system. One of the most important security problems in an intranet is to ensure that every user has access only to the information which is relevant for his/her work. In our project this is solved using role-dependent information access for each user.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910251264
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  • 94
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    Architectures for secure portable executable content (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 16-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The Java programming language supports the concept of downloadable executable content; a key technology in a wide range of emerging applications including collaborative systems, electronic commerce, and Web information services. Java enables the execution of a program, on almost any modern computer regardless of hardware configuration and operating system. Safe-Tcl was proposed as an executable content type of MIME and thus as the standard language for executable contents within e-mail messages. However, the ability to download, integrate, and execute code from a remote computer, provided by both Java and Safe-Tcl, introduces serious security risks since it enables a malicious remote program to obtain unauthorised access to the downloading system's resources. In this paper, the two proposed security models are described in detail and the efficiency and flexibility of current implementations are evaluated in a comparative manner. Finally, upcoming extensions are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910251273
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  • 95
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    Strategies for content migration on the World Wide Web (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 25-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The World Wide Web has experienced explosive growth as a content delivery mechanism, delivering hypertext files and static media content in a standardised way. However, this content has been unable to interact with other content, making the Web a distribution system rather than a distributed system. This is changing, however, as distributed component architectures are being adapted to work with the Web's architecture. This paper tracks the development of the Web as a distributed platform, and highlights the potential to employ an often neglected feature of distributed computing: migration. Argues that all content on the Web, be it static images or distributed components, should be free to migrate according to either the policy of the server, or the content itself. The requirements of such a content migration mechanism are described, and an overview of a new migration mechanism, currently being developed by the authors, is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910251318
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  • 96
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    Distriblets: Java-based distributed computing on the Web (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 35-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Describes a system for using the World Wide Web to distribute computational tasks to multiple hosts on the Web. A programmer with a computation to distribute registers it with a Web server. An idle host uses this server to identify available computations and downloads a Java class to perform the computation - we call this class a distriblet. The paper describes the programs written to carry out the load distribution, the structure of a distriblet class, and our experience in using this system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910251327
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  • 97
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    Managing large WWW sites (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 41-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The trend towards ever-larger WWW sites with hundreds of thousands of pages maintained by teams of developers has made apparent the need for tools to manage such large-scale efforts. In this paper we present a mechanism for organising and manipulating groups of nodes and links in WWW sites. These constructs are used to create dynamic views of the data in a given site according to various organisational and presentational criteria. Moreover, proven techniques for the management of hypertext networks (e.g. versioning, variants, etc.) can be readily implemented through the use of this model. Additionally, the model allows the creation of user views through the combination of these constructs via a number of operations. After the description of our model we present a prototype system developed at the University of Geneva that demonstrates how the mechanisms included in our model can be integrated into an existing http server. We then examine how the same mechanisms can be employed in the management of large WWW sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910251354
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  • 98
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    Multimedia applications in heterogeneous Internet/ATM environments (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 49-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: New application types such as distributed multimedia applications have to provide a certain quality of service (QoS) to the users. Since they handle time-critical information such as audio and video data, they need appropriate support from the system components and especially from the network. New protocols and mechanisms have been developed over recent years to offer integrated services by serving both discrete media data (such as text and graphics) and continuous-media data (i.e. audio and video) in digital networks. Internet and asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) are the main players in this area and both possess QoS architectures which allow them to integrate services of data- and tele- communications formerly performed by separate infrastructures. We believe that both will co-exist for a significant amount of time, potentially complemented by other, perhaps simpler, approaches which are currently under investigation, such as differentiated services. Therefore, an interaction between these two architectures is necessary. In this paper, we discuss interaction approaches for the QoS architectures developed for the Internet and for ATM. We base this description on requirements and scenarios of multimedia applications and on the possible communication patterns considering different topological variants for heterogeneous Internet-ATM networks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910251363
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  • 99
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    Mechanisms of component-oriented software development (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 66-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Componentware is a new paradigm in software development that is based on the concept of a software component. Software components are self-contained, immutable units of software which can be distributed over large networks or even over the Internet. The distribution of software components requires new, Internet-based search and retrieval mechanisms. A set of collaborating software components is called componentware. We discuss the architectural requirements and mechanisms of componentware, a technical realisation of a componentware architecture, and identify obstacles in building componentware. Finally, we propose possible solutions for the realisation of componentware and componentware architectures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910251381
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  • 100
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    Mobile access to the Internet: a mediator-based solution (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 9 (1999), S. 58-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Nomadicity is a new challenge for computing and communication technologies. Modern cellular telephone systems extend the usability of portable personal computers enormously. A nomadic user can be given ubiquitous access to remote information stores and computing services. However, the behaviour of wireless links creates severe inconveniences within the traditional data communication paradigm. In this paper we give an overview of the problems related to wireless mobility. We also present a new software architecture for mastering the problems and discuss a new paradigm for designing mobile distributed applications. The key idea in the architecture is to place a mediator, a distributed intelligent agent, between the mobile node and the wireline network.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249910251372
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