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  • Engineering  (5,492)
  • Animals  (4,806)
  • 1995-1999  (5,830)
  • 1985-1989  (4,468)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1935-1939
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phylogenetic position of Dictyostelium inferred from multiple protein data sets (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 41 (1995), S. 238-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Cellular slime molds ; Animals ; Fungi ; Plantae ; Maximum-likelihood method ; Evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The phylogenetic position of Dictyostelium inferred from 18S rRNA data contradicts that from protein data. Protein trees always show the close affinity of Dictyostelium with animals, fungi, and plants, whereas in 18S rRNA trees the branching of Dictyostelium is placed at a position before the massive radiation of protist groups including the divergence of the three kingdoms. To settle this controversial issue and to determine the correct position of Dictyostelium, we inferred the phylogenetic relationship among Dictyostelium and the three kingdoms Animalia, Fungi, and Plantae by a maximum-likelihood method using 19 different protein data sets. It was shown at the significance level of 1 SE that the branching of Dictyostelium antedates the divergence of Animalia and Fungi, and Plantae is an outgroup of the Animalia-Fungi-Dictyostelium clade.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00170678
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolutionary relationships of eukaryotic kingdoms (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 42 (1996), S. 183-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Small-subunit ribosomal RNA ; Phylogeny ; Animals ; Fungi ; Plants ; Alveolates ; Heterokonts ; Stramenopiles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The evolutionary relationships of four eukaryotic kingdoms—Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, and Protista—remain unclear. In particular, statistical support for the closeness of animals to fungi rather than to plants is lacking, and a preferred branching order of these and other eukaryotic lineages is still controversial even though molecular sequences from diverse eukaryotic taxa have been analyzed. We report a statistical analysis of 214 sequences of nuclear small-subunit ribosomal RNA (srRNA) gene undertaken to clarify these evolutionary relationships. We have considered the variability of substitution rates and the nonindependence of nucleotide substitution across sites in the srRNA gene in testing alternative hypotheses regarding the branching patterns of eukaryote phylogeny. We find that the rates of evolution among sites in the srRNA sequences vary substantially and are approximately gamma distributed with size and shape parameter equal to 0.76. Our results suggest that (1) the animals and true fungi are indeed closer to each other than to any other “crown” group in the eukaryote tree, (2) red algae are the closest relatives of animals, true fungi, and green plants, and (3) the heterokonts and alveolates probably evolved prior to the divergence of red algae and animal-fungus-green-plant lineages. Furthermore, our analyses indicate that the branching order of the eukaryotic lineages that diverged prior to the evolution of alveolates may be generally difficult to resolve with the srRNA sequence data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02198844
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Segmentation and tracking of piglets in images (1995)
    Springer
    Machine vision and applications 8 (1995), S. 187-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1769
    Keywords: Tracking ; Segmentation ; Pigs ; Animals ; Computer vision
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract An algorithm was developed for the segmentation and tracking of piglets and tested on a 200-image sequence of 10 piglets moving on a straw background. The image-capture rate was 1 image/140 ms. The segmentation method was a combination of image differencing with respect to a median background and a Laplacian operator. The features tracked were blob edges in the segmented image. During tracking, the piglets were modelled as ellipses initialised on the blobs. Each piglet was tracked by searching for blob edges in an elliptical window about the piglet's position, which was predicted from its previous two positions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01215814
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Animal Consciousness and Ethics in Asia and the Pacific (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of agricultural and environmental ethics 10 (1997), S. 249-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-322X
    Keywords: Animals ; Asia ; consciousness ; Australia ; Hong Kong ; India ; Israel ; Japan ; New Zealand ; The Philippines ; Russia ; Singapore ; Thailand
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract The interactions between humans, animals and the environment have shaped human values and ethics, not only the genes that we are made of. The animal rights movement challenges human beings to reconsider interactions between humans and other animals, and maybe connected to the environmental movement that begs us to recognize the fact that there are symbiotic relationships between humans and all other organisms. The first part of this paper looks at types of bioethics, the implications of autonomy and the value of being alive. Then the level of consciousness of these relationships are explored in survey results from Asia and the Pacific, especially in the 1993 International Bioethics Survey conducted in Australia, Hong Kong, India, Israel, Japan, New Zealand, The Philippines, Russia, Singapore and Thailand. Very few mentioned animal consciousness in the survey, but there were more biocentric comments in Australia and Japan; and more comments with the idea of harmony including humans in Thailand. Comparisons between questions and surveys will also be made, in an attempt to describe what people imagine animal consciousness to be, and whether this relates to human ethics of the relationships.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007774409131
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of laminated bimodulus composite thin shells of revolution using a doubly curved quadrilateral finite element (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 21 (1985), S. 285-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a finite element analysis of laminated bimodulus composite thin shells of revolution using a 48 d.o.f. doubly curved quadrilateral finite element. All the three displacements of the shell element reference surface are expressed as products of one-dimensional first-order Hermite interpolation polynomials. The constitutive relationship for a bimodulus composite is assumed to depend on the fibre-direction strain experienced by each orthotropic layer. Consequently the true state of strain and the corresponding constitutive relationship in a bimodulus composite structure are to be determined iteratively. The true state of stress/strain is obtained by specifying a maximum error in the locations of the two neutral surfaces (one along each of the orthogonal reference axes) in the shell. The use of the quadrilateral shell finite element is validated by solving the problem of (i) a freely supported single layer (0°) bimodulus composite square plate and (ii) a freely supported single layer (0°) cylindrical panel, which are subjected to sinusoidal transverse loading and for which analytical solutions are available. Next, the problems of a single layer (90°) pinched cylindrical shell and a single layer (0°) open crown hemispherical shell are solved to show the ability of the present program.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620210207
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An apporach to automatic three-dimensional finite element mesh generation (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 21 (1985), S. 329-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Recently developed solid modelling systems for the design of complex physical solids using interactive computer graphics offer the exciting possibility of an integrated design/analysis system. Called geometric modellers, these systems build complex solids from primitive solids (cubes, cylinders, spheres, solid patches, etc.) and macro solids (combination of primitives)3, 4, 8, 16, 18, 25, 38. To provide an effective structural analysis capability for these systems, methods must be devised to ease the burden of discretizing the solid geometry into a user controlled (usually locally graded) finite element mesh. The purpose of this paper is to describe an interactive solid mesh generation system capable of generating valid meshes of well-proportional tetrahedral finite elements for the decomposition of multiply connected solid structures. The system uses a semi-automatic node insertion procedure to locate element node points within and on the surface of a structure. An independent automatic three-dimensional triangulator then accepts these nodes as input and connects them to form a valid finite element mesh oftetrahedral elements. Although this report makes use of a modeller based on a constructive solid geometry representation (a so-called CSG modeller), the mesh generation strategy elaborated herein is completely general and makes no particular use of the CSG representation.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620210210
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Skyline algorithms for multilevel substructure analysis (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 21 (1985), S. 465-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A matrix derivation of the method of partial decomposition for substructure equilibrium equations is given and algorithms and subroutines necessary for implementing a multi-level substructuring scheme are presented. The algorithms are based upon partial decomposition of skyline matrices by the Cholesky method. Transformation of co-ordinates and prediction of the skyline for higher level substructures are also discussed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620210307
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generalized finite element analysis with T-complete boundary solution functions (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 21 (1985), S. 509-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The use of a complete and nonsingular set of Trefftz functions in the solution of quasi-harmonic equations is demonstrated and shown to be often superior to the more conventional singularity distribution in boundary-type approximation. Procedures for coupling separate domains of such solution and indeed of deriving equivalent finite elements are demonstrated.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620210310
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Announcement (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 21 (1985), S. 579-582 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620210315
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modelling and estimation for a moving boundary problem (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 21 (1985), S. 601-616 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The displacement of a slightly compressible liquid by another in a porous medium has been modelled. This problem, which involves a moving boundary, has been numerically solved for the one-dimensional case by using the Galerkin method. State and parameter estimation have been carried out using the extended Kalman filter.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620210403
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