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  • Articles  (129)
  • simulation  (129)
  • Springer  (129)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Elsevier
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  • Articles  (129)
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  • Springer  (129)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Elsevier
  • International Union of Crystallography
  • Taylor & Francis
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On a stochastic description of the time-space behaviour of extratropical cyclonic precipitation fields (1987)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 1 (1987), S. 37-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: Cyclonic precipitation ; mathematical modeling ; simulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A stochastic description is developed for extratropical cyclonic precipitation fields at synoptic and meso scales as they are typically observed by radars over the Earth. This description attempts to account I) for the synoptic scale behavior of a cyclonic storm (its birth, its synoptic scale motion trajectory, and its dissipation) II) for the synoptic-scale organizational structure of subsynoptic precipitation areas (rainbands, precipitation cores and raincells) within a cyclonic storm; and III) for the behavior of subsynoptic precipitation areas, in terms of their births, their spatial configuration evolutions, their motions, and their deaths (dissipation). The precipitation cores and the raincells are taken as the building blocks of the subsynoptic precipitation, areas within a cyclonic rainfield.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01543908
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new formulation for the stochastic control of systems with bounded state variables: An application to a single reservoir system (1996)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 10 (1996), S. 167-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: Reservoir stochastic theory ; reliability ; mean ; variance ; indicator function ; storage bounds ; nonlinear programming ; simulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A new formulation is presented for the analysis of reservoir systems synthesizing concepts from the traditional stochastic theory of reservoir storage, moments analysis and reliability programming. The analysis is based on the development of the first and second moments for the stochastic storage state variable. These expressions include terms for the failure probabilities (probabilities of spill or deficit) and consider the storage bounds explicitly. Using this analysis, expected values of the storage state, variances of storage, optimal release policies and failure probabilities — useful information in the context of reservoir operations and design, can be obtained from a nonlinear programming solution. The solutions developed from studies of single reservoir operations on both an annual and monthly basis, compare favorably with those obtained from simulation. The presentation herein is directed to both traditional reservoir storage theorists who are interested in the design of a reservoir and modern reservoir analysts who are interested in the long term operation of reservoirs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01581462
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kernel bandwidth selection for a first order nonparametric streamflow simulation model (1998)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 12 (1998), S. 33-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: Keywords: Streamflow ; simulation ; nonparametric
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A new approach for streamflow simulation using nonparametric methods was described in a recent publication (Sharma et al. 1997). Use of nonparametric methods has the advantage that they avoid the issue of selecting a probability distribution and can represent nonlinear features, such as asymmetry and bimodality that hitherto were difficult to represent, in the probability structure of hydrologic variables such as streamflow and precipitation. The nonparametric method used was kernel density estimation, which requires the selection of bandwidth (smoothing) parameters. This study documents some of the tests that were conduced to evaluate the performance of bandwidth estimation methods for kernel density estimation. Issues related to selection of optimal smoothing parameters for kernel density estimation with small samples (200 or fewer data points) are examined. Both reference to a Gaussian density and data based specifications are applied to estimate bandwidths for samples from bivariate normal mixture densities. The three data based methods studied are Maximum Likelihood Cross Validation (MLCV), Least Square Cross Validation (LSCV) and Biased Cross Validation (BCV2). Modifications for estimating optimal local bandwidths using MLCV and LSCV are also examined. We found that the use of local bandwidths does not necessarily improve the density estimate with small samples. Of the global bandwidth estimators compared, we found that MLCV and LSCV are better because they show lower variability and higher accuracy while Biased Cross Validation suffers from multiple optimal bandwidths for samples from strongly bimodal densities. These results, of particular interest in stochastic hydrology where small samples are common, may have importance in other applications of nonparametric density estimation methods with similar sample sizes and distribution shapes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004770050008
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Look ahead job demanding for improving job shop performance (1997)
    Springer
    OR spectrum 19 (1997), S. 23-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Keywords: Job shop scheduling ; dispatching rules ; coordination ; look ahead information ; simulation ; Werkstattsteuerung ; Steuerungsregeln ; Koordination ; Vorausschauende Informationen ; Simulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In diesem Beitrag wird ein neuartiger Ansatz zur Koordination dezentraler Werkstattsteuerungsregeln vorgestellt und mit Hilfe einer Simulationsstudie analysiert. Die Koordination basiert auf vorausschauenden Informationen und enthält einen Auftragsnachfrage-/-angebotsmechanismus. Die Simulations-experimente zeigen, daß durch den Einsatz des Koordinationsmechanismus die Leistung herkömmlicher Steuerungsregeln signifikant verbessert wird.
    Notes: Abstract In this paper a new coordination approach for decentralized job shop scheduling rules is presented and analyzed in a simulation study. The coordination is based on look ahead information and contains a mechanism for demanding and supplying jobs. The simulation experiments show that the performance of conventional scheduling rules is significantly improved using the coordination mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01539802
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Look ahead job demanding for improving job shop performance (1997)
    Springer
    OR spectrum 19 (1997), S. 23-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Keywords: Key words: Job shop scheduling ; dispatching rules ; coordination ; look ahead information ; simulation ; Schlüsselwörter: Werkstattsteuerung ; Steuerungsregeln ; Koordination ; Vorausschauende Informationen ; Simulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. In diesem Beitrag wird ein neu-artiger Ansatz zur Koordination dezentraler Werkstattsteuerungsregeln vorgestellt und mit Hilfe einer Simulationsstudie analysiert. Die Koordination basiert auf vorausschauenden Informationen und enthält einen Auftragsnachfrage-/-angebotsmechanismus. Die Simulations- experimente zeigen, daß durch den Einsatz des Koordinationsmechanismus die Leistung herkömmlicher Steuerungsregeln signifikant verbessert wird.
    Notes: Abstract. In this paper a new coordination approach for decentralized job shop scheduling rules is presented and analyzed in a simulation study. The coordination is based on look ahead information and contains a mechanism for demanding and supplying jobs. The simulation experiments show that the performance of conventional scheduling rules is significantly improved using the coordination mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01539802
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stochastic analysis of estuarine hydraulics (1989)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 3 (1989), S. 71-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: Hydraulics ; quasilinearization ; simulation ; stochastic ; estuarine system ; Monte Carlo methods ; random differential equations ; parameter uncertainty
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A new methodology is presented for the solution of the stochastic hydraulic equations characterizing steady, one-dimensional estuarine flow. The methodology is predicated on quasi-linearization, perturbation methods, and the finite difference approximation of the stochastic differential operators. Assuming Manning's roughness coefficient is the principal source of uncertainty in the model, stochastic equations are presented for the water depths and flow rates in the estuarine system. Moment equations are developed for the mean and variance of the water depths. The moment equations are compared with the results of Monte Carlo simulation experiments. The results confirm that for any spatial location in the estuary that (1) as the uncertainty in the channel roughness increases, the uncertainty in mean depth increases, and (2) the predicted mean depth will decrease with increasing uncertainty in Manning'sn. The quasi-analytical approach requires significantly less computer time than Monte Carlo simulations and provides explicit
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01544073
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simulation of the time-space evolution of an extratropical cyclonic precipitation field over USA (1988)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 2 (1988), S. 281-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: precipitation field ; stochastic time-space evolution ; simulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The time-space evolution of an extratropical cyclonic precipitation field over U S A is simulated in a stochastic setting as outlined in Kavvas et al. (1988). The birth of a cyclonic storm is characterized by the simultaneous birth of a cyclone center and births of subsynoptic precipitation areas (SPA) at preferred locations around the cyclone center. The precipitation cores and cells which are used as the fundamental building blocks of the SPAs are approximated by circular precipitation areas (CPA) of different sizes. The time space evolution of the precipitation field after the birth is governed by (1) the movement of the synoptic cyclone described by the cyclone center trajectory, (2) independent nonidentically distributed random velocities of the individual CPAs relative to the cyclone center, (3) the births of new CPAs in time and space relative to the cyclone center, (4) the independent evolution in time of the individual spatially uniform intensities of the existing CPAs, (5) the expansion and shrinkage of the existing CPAs in the course of movement and (6) the dissipation (death) of a random number of existing CPAs within the cyclonic system. The computer simulation, the results of which are presented in this paper, successfully reproduced the general mesoscale and synoptic scale features of the radar detected cyclonic rain fields as observed by Austin and Houze (1972), Houze et al. (1976), Hobbs (1978), Hobbs and Locatelli (1978), Houze (1981), Houze and Hobbs (1982) and others.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01544041
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uses and abuses of statistical simulation (1988)
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 42 (1988), S. 53-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Design of experiments ; normal random variates ; pseudorandom ; simulation ; statistical inference
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract More and more problems are being tackled by simulation as large computing costs per hour approach those of mathematicians' time. Abuses of simulation arise from ignorance or careless use of little understood procedures, and some of the fundamental tools of the subject are much less well understood than commonly supposed. This is illustrated here by the saga of pseudorandom number generators, normal variate generators and the analysis of queueing system simulations. On the positive side, genuinely new uses of simulation are appearing, particularly in statistical inference. These are exemplified by recursive algorithms for simulating complex systems and simulation-based likelihood inference for point processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01589392
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal aspects of designing CW-operated nitride VCSELs (1999)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 31 (1999), S. 1179-1188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Keywords: CW operation ; nitride lasers ; simulation ; VCSELs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A room-temperature (RT) continuous-wave (CW) operation of possible nitride vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) is considered in the present paper using a simple VCSEL simulation to give some essential guidelines for their proper designing. It is revealed that a substrate material has a critical influence on a possibility of reaching RT CW thresholds which practically excludes currently used sapphire substrates of relatively low thermal conductivity from this application. SQW nitride VCSELs are found to be very sensitive to an increase in temperature, which is followed by their inappropriate CW-operation characteristics. A moderate increase in a number of quantum wells in VCSEL active regions significantly improves their CW achievements, i.e. decreases RT CW thresholds as well as considerably widens their CW threshold ranges.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007011009768
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-power edge emitting red laser diode optimisation using optical simulation (1999)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 31 (1999), S. 1009-1030 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Keywords: all-solid-source MBE ; high-power ; red ; simulation ; transverse structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The laser diode structures reported up to now in literature for the red wavelength range are still far from optimal – mostly because many of the desired characteristics are contradictory coupled. Some of the contradictory coupled laser diode characteristics are investigated and a novel transverse layer structure is proposed. Both optical simulation and a fully self-consistent model are used in a design optimization methodology and simple evaluation and optimization criteria are derived. A number of the analyzed high-power edge-emitting GazIn1−zP/(AlxGa1−x)yIn1−yP/GaAs quantum well laser structures were prepared using all-solid-source molecular beam epitaxy for layer growth and remarkable performances were obtained (continuous wave output powers of 3 W at 670 nm, 2 W at 650 nm, and 1 W at 630 nm; threshold current densities of 350–450 A/cm2 for 670 nm, 500–540 A/cm2 for 650 nm, and less than 700 A/cm2 for 630 nm). The good agreement between measurements and simulations for the prepared structures indicate that significant performance improvements – predicted by the simulations – are still possible. The presented novel structure and design optimisation procedure can also be applied to laser diode structure optimisation in other emission ranges – like, for example, in the case of 800 nm-range edge emitting AlxGa1−xAsyP1−y/GazIn1−zAswP1−w/GaAs laser diodes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007076928803
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