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  • Articles  (28)
  • superconductivity  (19)
  • fuel cell  (9)
  • 2000-2004  (28)
  • Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology  (28)
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  • Articles  (28)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TiCN and metallic coatings for corrosion protection of separator plates in MCFCs (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 30 (2000), S. 1421-1431 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: coatings ; corrosion ; fuel cell ; molten carbonate ; titanium nitride
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Stainless steel 304 substrates were coated with different materials in order to find a suitable coating material for corrosion protection of separator plates in molten-carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs). Five titanium carbonitride coatings differing in composition and morphology and a titanium monoxide coating were deposited with chemical vapour deposition techniques. Also double-layer coatings of TiN/Au and TiN/Ni were prepared. The coatings were tested on their corrosion protection of separator plates in four different environments: under MCFC-cathode or anode gas, at load or at open circuit conditions. The corrosion behaviour was characterized using cyclic voltammetry. Corrosion rates were determined with electrochemical methods and cross-section analyses of corrosion layers. Titanium nitride coatings showed the best corrosion protection. The titanium carbide and titanium monoxide coating showed respectively less and no protection. The thin gold and Ni-coatings were unstable. Under cathode gas, the most important corrosion protection is given by keeping the cell at load, and then a titanium nitride coating might provide lifetime protection. Under anode gas, corrosion is most severe at load conditions. A titanium nitride coating also gives corrosion protection, but not enough for lifetime protection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026507619787
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrogen fired PAFCs: an experimental investigation into the optimal utilization of impure, recycled hydrogen (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 30 (2000), S. 323-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: fuel cell ; hydrogen recycle loop ; operation parameters ; PAFC operation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFCs) had been developed for cogeneration plants based on natural gas as fuel. Operation of phosphoric acid fuel cells on hydrogen requires recycling of unspent hydrogen from the anode exhaust for obtaining highest efficiency. But recycling rates are limited due to accumulation of inert gases. Theoretical calculations and experimental data on optimizing this operation mode with respect to highest electrical energy efficiency are compared. The results are verified in a 100 cm2 PAFC unit. From the data obtained with a Fuji 2 kW PAFC, the performance of large units with hydrogen recycling is predicted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003991420781
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrode/matrix interfacial characteristics in a phosphoric acid fuel cell (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 30 (2000), S. 121-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: fuel cell ; phosphoric acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003878729354
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A novel electrocatalytic polyaniline electrode for methanol oxidation (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 30 (2000), S. 1137-1142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: carbon monoxide ; fuel cell ; methanol ; polyaniline ; platinum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Pt clusters were electrodispersed on polymeric films to obtain catalytic electrodes for methanol oxidation. The electrodeposit was built up by applying either a constant potential or a repetitive square wave potential routine. The performance of the electrodes was followed by measuring the stripping peak potential of adsorbed CO, each assembly metal/Pani/Pt being characterized by SEM and EDAX. Polymeric electrodes, modified with Pt electrodeposited by the programmed potential variation had a better electrocatalytic activity for CO and methanol oxidation. The novel tailored electrode is the result of a balance between a particular morphology and the number of particles of the catalytic material on the conductive polyaniline matrix.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004050922065
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of cerium species in molten Li2CO3–Na2CO3 in the conditions used in molten carbonate fuel cells. Part II: Potentiometric and voltammetric behaviour (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 30 (2000), S. 1415-1420 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: cerium ; cerium oxide ; fuel cell ; molten carbonate ; potentiometry ; voltammetry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The electrochemical behaviour of metallic cerium and cerium dioxide is analysed in molten Li2CO3–Na2CO3 under the anodic and cathodic conditions used for the molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFC). Chronopotentiometric measurements on metallic cerium rods or foils show the influence of CeO2 growth and the deviation from its stoichiometric composition. A study of the voltammetric characteristics of dissolved cerium at a gold electrode, of metallic cerium and cerium oxide is carried out in both oxidising and reducing MCFC atmospheres. Experimental evidence is given for the existence of a solid–solid cerium system: Ce2O3(s)|CeO2(s) and a system relative to dissolved cerium species Ce2O3(l)|CeO2(l). These systems are in agreement with thermodynamic predictions. Other more complex phenomena involving interactions with alkali species are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026555502949
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three-dimensional numerical simulation of straight channel PEM fuel cells (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 30 (2000), S. 135-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: current distribution ; fuel cell ; mass transfer ; PEM
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The need to model three-dimensional flow in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells is discussed by developing an integrated flow and current density model to predict current density distributions in two dimensions on the membrane in a straight channel PEM fuel cell. The geometrical model includes diffusion layers on both the anode and cathode sides and the numerical model solves the same primary flow related variables in the main flow channel and the diffusion layer. A control volume approach is used and source terms for transport equations are presented to facilitate their incorporation in commercial flow solvers. Predictions reveal that the inclusion of a diffusion layer creates a lower and more uniform current density compared to cases without diffusion layers. The results also show that the membrane thickness and cell voltage have a significant effect on the axial distribution of the current density and net rate of water transport. The predictions of the water transport between cathode and anode across the width of the flow channel show the delicate balance of diffusion and electroosmosis and their effect on the current distribution along channel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003964201327
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Steady-state operation of a compressor for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell system (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 30 (2000), S. 551-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: compressor ; fuel cell ; system operation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The performance of a system consisting of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell coupled to a centrifugal air compressor is simulated. Two modes of operation of the system are investigated: one in which the speed of the compressor is constant, and the other in which the compressor speed is varied with the electric load on the fuel cell stack. The operating characteristics of the compressor and the PEM fuel cell stack and their influence on the system efficiency are analyzed for a step change in the stack current. The effects of the fuel cell stack back-pressure and the electric load on the compressor power consumption and the system efficiency are studied. It is found that the system efficiency is higher when the fuel cell stack is operated at a constant oxygen gas stoichiometry by varying the compressor speed instead of at a constant compressor speed. The system model can be used to determine the rotation speed of the compressor for various electric loads.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003675722428
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new technique for two-dimensional current distribution measurements in electrochemical cells (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 30 (2000), S. 803-807 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: current distribution ; electrochemical cell ; fuel cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract A new technique has been developed using a magnetic loop array to measure current distribution in electrochemical cells. The main advantage of this approach is the combination of high spatial and time resolution and stack integration with an easily handled measurement carried out independently of the cell operation. A polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) of technically relevant dimensions (about 600 cm2 electrode area) with 5 × 8 current sensors has been constructed and operated, thus confirming the feasibility of the measurement technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004047412066
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design equations for optimized PEM fuel cell electrodes (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 30 (2000), S. 777-786 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: effectiveness ; electrode ; fuel cell ; optimization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents simple mathematical expressions that can be used for optimizing fuel cell electrode structures, specifically polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Based on the effectiveness factor, equations relate current density to catalyst utilization and a mass transfer coefficient. These can be used to screen new materials or identify which specific processes need to be improved in an existing electrode design. The optimum thickness, or catalyst loading, and maximum current that can be achieved with a given set of materials can be calculated from a simple set of equations based on the mass transfer characteristics of the electrode materials. These methods can save considerable experimental time and cost during electrode development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004088505222
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxygen Configuration in the Superconductor (Hg0.7Mo0.3)Sr2(Ca1−xRx)Cu2Oz (R = Nd and Pr) (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of superconductivity 13 (2000), S. 111-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9605
    Keywords: superconductivity ; Hg-based cuprate ; Hg-1212 (Hg,Mo)Sr2(Ca,R)Cu2O z ; neutron diffraction ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Two series of Hg-based oxides (Hg0.7Mo0.3)Sr2(Ca1−x R x )Cu2O z (R = Nd and Pr, 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.7) have been synthesized. Electrical-resistivity measurements show that these compounds are superconductors with maximum onset T c of 107 and 102 K for Nd- and Pr-containing samples, respectively. The neutron powder diffraction experiments on both as-prepared and O2-annealed samples of R = Nd revealed that the O(3) site at the HgOδ sheets are fully occupied and shifted towards the Hg/Mo site to form Mo–O bonds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007738528912
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