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  • growth  (63)
  • morphology  (55)
  • Springer  (118)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
  • 2000-2004  (118)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Do Maculinea rebeli caterpillars provide vestigial mutualistic benefits to ants when living as social parasites inside Myrmica ant nests? (2000)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 95 (2000), S. 97-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: butterfly ; Formicidae ; food ; growth ; mutualism ; myrmecophily ; parasitism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Caterpillars of the lycaenid butterfly Maculinea rebeli Hirschke (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) live for 11–23 months as social parasites in Myrmica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) red ant nests, a trait that is believed to have evolved from mutualistic myrmecophilous ancestry. Although Maculinea rebeli caterpillars harm Myrmica larvae, they simultaneously produce copious secretions which the adult worker ants imbibe, perhaps representing a vestige of the ancestral mutualism. We report the results of laboratory experiments designed to test alternative hypotheses: (i) Maculinea rebeli caterpillars provide a beneficial source of sugar in return for being tended by Myrmicaworkers; (ii) Maculinea rebeli harms its host by stressing the workers by competing for available sugar. Comparisons were made of Myrmica worker fitness after 90–450 days under all possible combinations of three experimental treatments: ± M. rebeli caterpillars, ± sucrose and ± ant brood. Caterpillars always reduced the survival of both ant workers and their larvae, even when sugar was not provided, suggesting that M. rebeli is wholly parasitic on all stages in its host colony. The results also confirmed the importance of sucrose in the diet of Myrmica, and showed that M. rebeli caterpillars which eat ant brood to supplement their normal trophallactic feeding by workers develop more quickly - but have the same survival and pupal weights – as caterpillars that are fed solely by worker ants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003950318095
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of OH groups on the growth of rhodium on alumina: a model study (2000)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 68 (2000), S. 19-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: aluminum oxide ; hydroxyl groups ; rhodium ; growth ; scanning tunneling microscopy ; infrared spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In order to investigate how the presence of surface hydroxyl groups on oxide surfaces affects the interaction with the supported metal, we have modified a well-ordered alumina film on NiAl(110) by Al deposition and subsequent exposure to water. This procedure yields a hydroxylated alumina surface as revealed by infrared and high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy. By means of scanning tunneling microscopy, we have studied the growth of rhodium on the modified film at 300 K. Clear differences in the particle distribution and density are observed in comparison to the clean substrate. While, in the latter case, decoration of domain boundaries as typical defects of the oxide film governs the growth mode, a more isotropic island distribution and a drastically increased particle density is found on the hydroxylated surface. From infrared data, it can be deduced that the growth is connected with the consumption of the hydroxyl groups due to the interaction between the metal deposit and the hydroxylated areas. This finding is in line with photoemission results published earlier.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019058714724
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Submersible observations of Equatorial Atlantic mantle: The St. Paul Fracture Zone region (2000)
    Springer
    Marine geophysical researches 21 (2000), S. 529-560 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0581
    Keywords: Structure ; morphology ; petrology ; peridotite-basalt
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The St. Paul F.Z. is a large structural domain made up of multiple transform faults interrupted by several Intra-Transform Ridge (ITR) spreading segments. Two regions were studied in details by submersible: (1) The ITR short (〈20 km in length) segment near 0° 37′N–25° 27′W and 1° N–27° 42′W and (2) The St. Peter and St. Paul's Rocks (SPPR) massif located at 29° 25′W (¡3700 m depth). (1) The short ITR segments consist of a magma starved rift valley with recent volcanic activities at 4700 m depth. A geological profile made along the rift valley wall showed localized volcanics (basalts and dykes) which are believed to overlay and intrude the ultramafics. The geological setting and the high ultramafic/volcanic ratio suggest an extremely low magmatic supply and crustal-mantle uplift during lithospheric stretching and denudation. (2) The St. Peter and St. Paul's Rocks (SPPR) massif consists of a sigmoidal ridge within the active transform zone. The SPPR is divided into two different geological domains called the North and the South Ridges. The North Ridge consists of strongly tectonized fault scarps composed of banded and mylonitized peridotite, sporadic gabbros (3900–2500 m) and metabasalts (2700–1700 m). The South Ridge is less tectonized with undeformed, serpentinized spinel lherzolite (2000–1400 m) and basalts. Extensional motion and denudation accompanied by diapirism affected the South Ridge within a transform domain. Instead, the North Ridge was formed during an important strike-slip and faulting motion resulting in the uplifted portion of the St. Paul F.Z. transverse ridge. There is a regional compositional variation of the volcanics where E-MORBs and alkali basalts are produced on the SPPR massif and are comparable to the adjacent northern segments of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. On the other hand, N and T- MORBs collected from the eastern part of the St. Paul F.Z. (25° 27′ W IRT) are similar to the volcanics from the southern segments of the MAR. The peridotites exposed in these provinces (SPPR and ITR) are similar in their REE and trace element distribution. Different degrees (3–15%) of partial melting of a mixed composite mantle consisting of spinel and amphibole bearing lherzolite veined with 5–40% clinopyroxenite gave rise to the observed MORBs and alkali basalts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004819701870
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Do Small Innovating Firms Outperform Non-Innovators? (2000)
    Springer
    Small business economics 14 (2000), S. 195-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0913
    Keywords: growth ; manufacturing ; performance ; product innovation ; small firms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract The paper considers the relative performance [along a number of parameters] of a sample of 228 small manufacturing firms categorised by level of innovation. Whilst innovators appear no more likely to have experienced some form of sales or employment growth, they are significantly more likely to have grown more. In other words, the innovators' growth rate distributions are highly negatively skewed. With regards to export intensities, profitability and productivity levels, the findings are less clear. On the whole, the results reported here are similar to those of other small firm studies, yet vary markedly from large firm equivalents; suggesting that the nature of the returns to innovation may be contingent, at least in part, upon firm size. Moreover, the high levels of variation in firm performance should caution us against proffering innovative imperatives. If we are to counsel firms to "innovate at all costs", we must be clear about, and clearly demonstrate, the nature of the returns they may reasonably expect and the processes through which these may be optimised.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008100206266
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    T.H. Huxley's Criticism of German Cell Theory: An Epigenetic and Physiological Interpretation of Cell Structure (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of the history of biology 33 (2000), S. 247-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0387
    Keywords: cell theory ; morphology ; Thomas Henry Huxley ; physiology ; Schleiden-Schwann cell theory ; Romantic biology ; scientific zoology ; cytology ; preformationism ; natural history ; epigenesis ; Kernmonopol ; histology ; Albert von Kölliker ; embryology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , History
    Notes: Abstract In 1853, the young Thomas Henry Huxley published a long review of German cell theory in which he roundly criticized the basic tenets of the Schleiden-Schwann model of the cell. Although historians of cytology have dismissed Huxley’s criticism as based on an erroneous interpretation of cell physiology, the review is better understood as a contribution to embryology. “The Cell-theory” presents Huxley’s “epigenetic” interpretation of histological organization emerging from changes in the protoplasm to replace the “preformationist” cell theory of Schleiden and Schwann (as modified by Albert vonKölliker), which posited the nucleus as the seat of organic vitality. Huxley’s views influenced a number of British biologists, who continued to oppose German cell theory well into the twentieth century. Yet Huxley was pivotal in introducing the new German program of “scientific zoology” to Britain in the early 1850s,championing its empiricist methodology as a means to enact broad disciplinary and institutional reforms in British natural history.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004881730937
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Education funding and regional convergence (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 13 (2000), S. 403-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: JEL classification: O41 ; F22 ; Key words: Altruism ; education ; growth ; convergence ; capital mobility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. The aim of this paper is to discuss the process of regional convergence within the framework of an overlapping generations model in which the engine of growth is the accumulation of human capital. In particular, we consider different education funding systems and compare their performance in terms of growth rates and pace of convergence between two heterogeneous regions. The analysis suggests that the choice of a particular education system incorporates a possible trade-off between long run growth rate and short run convergence. In such choice, the initial capital stock and the extent of regional human capital discrepancy appear as central variables.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001480050144
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Patterns and propensities in reproduction and growth of marine fishes (2000)
    Springer
    Ecological research 15 (2000), S. 101-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1703
    Keywords: comparative ecology ; growth ; marine fish ; patterns ; reproduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A number of strong regularities characterize certain very basic biological parameters in marine fishes. For example, the ovulated eggs of fish usually measure approximately 1 mm in diameter. The small, relatively uniform size of the eggs means that almost all fish larvae experience environmental variability at very similar scales, which itself establishes strong constraints for, and links between reproduction and recruitment. Additional constraints emerge from seawater being a poor medium for respiration, which establishes further linkages between growth and mortality. These constraints have produced strongly convergent features, and thence the patterns in reproduction and growth of marine fishes that are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1703.2000.00321.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TMDSC and Atomic Force Microscopy Studies of Morphology and Recrystallization in Polyesters Including Oriented Films (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 59 (2000), S. 227-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: atomic force microscopy (AFM) ; morphology ; polyester ; recrystallization ; TMDSC
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The thermal and crystal morphological properties of poly[ethylene teraphthalate] (PET) and poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate) (PEN) biaxially oriented films were compared to amorphous and other isotropic semi-crystalline samples. Crystal melting as a function of temperature was characterized by temperature modulated DSC (TMDSC) and found to begin just above the glass transition for both oriented films. About 75°C above the glass transitions, substantial exothermic recrystallization begins and continues through the final melting region in oriented films. The maximum in the non-reversing TMDSC signal for the oriented films signifies the maximum recrystallization exothermic activity with peaks at 248°C and 258°C for PET and PEN, respectively. The final melting endotherm detected was 260°C and 270°C for PET and PEN, and is shown by the TMDSC data and by independent rapid heating rate melting point determinations to be due to the melting of species recrystallized during the heating scan. The results are compared with TMDSC data for initially amorphous and melt crystallized samples. The volume fraction of rigid species (Frigid=total crystal fraction plus ‘rigid amorphous or non-crystalline species’) were measured by TMDSC glass transition data, and contrasted with the area fraction of rigid species at the oriented film surface characterized with very high resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM) phase data. The data suggest that the 11 nm wide hard domains in PET, and 21 nm wide domains in PEN film detected by AFM consist of both crystal and high stiffness interphase species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010148331705
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polypropylene Crystallization in an Ethylene-propylene-diene Rubber Matrix (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 61 (2000), S. 437-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: crystallization ; EPDM ; kinetics ; morphology ; PP ; rubber
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of the incorporation of an amorphous immiscible polymer (ethylene-propylene-diene- terpolymer) on the PP crystallization kinetics and thermodynamics is investigated by thermal analysis. The results of the investigation have shown that EPDM acts as a nucleant agent. A marked decrease of the half time of PP crystallization, τ1/2 , as well as a sensible increase of the overall crystallization rate, K n , has been observed in the presence of EPDM. Moreover, at any crystallization temperature, a minimum of τ1/2 , is obtained at 25% EPDM content in the blend. The Avrami model has been successfully applied to describe the crystallization kinetics of the blend. The kinetic curves obtained under non-isothermal conditions confirm the results obtained under isothermal conditions and demonstrate the nucleant action of the EPDM phase on the PP crystallization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010165317028
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of feeding rate on growth, feed utilizationand body composition of a tropical bagrid catfish (2000)
    Springer
    Aquaculture international 8 (2000), S. 19-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-143X
    Keywords: body composition ; catfish (Mystus nemurus) ; feeding rate ; growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A 10 week experiment was conducted to determine theeffects of feeding rate on growth, feed utilizationand body composition of the tropical bagrid catfish,Mystus nemurus. Catfish fingerlings with anaverage initial body weight of 12 g were fed apractical diet (36.2% protein, 16.5 kJ/g diet) atrates of 1, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4 or 5% of their bodyweight (BW) per day in two equal meals. Watertemperature was approximately 29 °C throughoutthe experiment. Percent weight gain increased almostlinearly with increasing feeding rates up to 2.5%BW/day beyond which no significant (P 〉 0.05)improvement in weight gain was observed. The specificgrowth rate of catfish fed rations of 1% BW/day was0.72%/day and this increased significantly to anaverage of 1.39%/day for catfish fed 2.5% BW/day andbeyond. Feed utilization did not differ significantly(P 〉 0.05) between fish fed 1.0 to 2.5%BW/day but decreased when rations were increased to3.0% BW/day and above. Feed efficiency ratio was0.79 for catfish fed 1.0% BW/day compared to a ratioof 0.27 for fish fed at 5% BW/day. Catfish fed 1.0%BW/day had the lowest condition factor, hepato- andviscerosomatic indices, but the highest carcass tobody weight ratio. These fish also had lowerproportions of whole body dry matter, lipid andprotein, carcass dry matter and lipid, and visceraldry matter and lipid than fish in other groups. Therewere no significant differences in either conditionindices or relative body composition of fish fedrations of 2.0 to 5.0% BW/day. Based on the growth,feed efficiency and body composition data obtained, afeeding rate of 2.5% BW per day is recommended forM. nemurus fingerlings raised at 29 °C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009216831360
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