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  • Articles  (27,567)
  • Springer  (19,842)
  • American Meteorological Society  (7,725)
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • Springer Nature
  • 2000-2004  (24,871)
  • 1930-1934  (2,696)
  • Geosciences  (27,567)
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  • Articles  (27,567)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    GPS solutions 3 (2000), S. 44-48 
    ISSN: 1521-1886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: The global positioning system (GPS) is used increasingly to control horizontal and vertical displacement of large civil constructions. The displacements can occur over varius time scales. For example, in case of the loading test of a bridge, the time span between measurements is on the order of 30 min. The achievable precision in the vertical component and its relation to residual multiplath effects become critically important in such aaplications. A multipath-to-noise ratio (MNR) on individual satellites is introduced to quantify the multipath effects. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    GPS solutions 3 (2000), S. 65-68 
    ISSN: 1521-1886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1521-1886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: In this article, initial results are presented of a method to improve fast carrier phase ambiguity resolution over longer baselines (with lengths up to about 200 km). The ionospheric delays in the global positioning system (GPS) data of these long baselines mainly hamper successful integer ambiguity resolution, a prerequisite to obtain precise positions within very short observation time spans. A way to correct the data for significant ionospheric effects is to have a GPS user operate within an active or permanently operating network use ionospheric estimates from this network. A simple way to do so is to interpolate these ionospheric estimates based on the expected spatial behaviour of the ionospheric delays. In this article such a technique is demonstrated for the Dutch Active Control Network (AGRS.NL). One hour of data is used from 4 of the 5 reference stations to obtain very precise ionospheric corrections after fixing of the integer ambiguities within this network. This is no problem because of the relatively long observation time span and known positions of the stations of the AGRS.NL. Next these interpolated corrections are used to correct the GPS data from the fifth station for its ionospheric effects. Initial conclusions about the performance of this technique are drawn in terms of improvement of integer ambiguity resolution for this baseline. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    GPS solutions 3 (2000), S. 69-69 
    ISSN: 1521-1886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    GPS solutions 3 (2000), S. 58-64 
    ISSN: 1521-1886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: Since global positioning system (GPS) measurements are ranges (code) and biased ranges (carrier), it seems natural to model them as ranges and determine the biases. This is particularly compelling since the double-difference range biases turn out to be integers. At some level there is also an elegance, perhaps therefore a naturalness, to modeling the carrier measurements as time differences of double differences. While something is lost something else is gained. Here we apply the proven delayed-state Kalman filter to processing carrier phase measurements as triple differences. In practice we process these triple differences along with double-difference code measurements. We also treat the measurement error as, mostly, Gauss-Markov states to be determined. Many of the details are discussed and experimental results are included. These demonstrate that excellent performance can be obtained if the Kalman filter modeling is done carefully. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    GPS solutions 3 (2000), S. 75-77 
    ISSN: 1521-1886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    GPS solutions 3 (2000), S. 1-9 
    ISSN: 1521-1886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: A third civil frequency at 1176.45 MHz will be added to the Global Positioning System (GPS). This new frequency will bring a number of benefits. The aviation user will be one of the prime beneficiaries because the new frequency is in a protected aviation band. Thus, the system will be more robust against interference and jamming. The carrier-phase differential user will also be a prime beneficiary as long as his application has a reasonably short baseline. It is this high accuracy use that is explored in some depth. The process of forming linear combinations of both the code and carrier-phase measurements is studied, and the benefits and problems are explained. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    GPS solutions 3 (2000), S. 70-74 
    ISSN: 1521-1886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: The ionospheric range delay is highly variable both in space and in time. The ionospheric correlation distance is defined as the distance over which a measurement of the difference from monthly mean ionospheric range delay at one location can be used to determine the difference from mean conditions at a second location. The percentage improvement required is dependent upon the actual correlation coefficient, which must be relatively large to produce a significant improvement over differences from average conditions at two stations. Results of studies of the correlation distance show that, in order to obtain even a 28% improvement over monthly median conditions, the measurement location must be within approximately 3,000 km in longitude or 1,800 km in latitude from the location where the update from monthly mean conditions is required, at least in the mid-latitude region. Another study showed that, in order to be able to determine an improvement of 1 m in ionospheric range delay from average ionospheric conditions at a location remote from where the actual measurement of range delay is made, the measurement must be within approximately 500 km of that location. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    GPS solutions 3 (2000), S. 24-34 
    ISSN: 1521-1886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: At the Delft University of Technology (DUT), the data of six stations participating in the first international GLONASS (Global Navigation Satellite System, the Russian counterpart of GPS) tracking campaign, IGEX-98, were analyzed with integrity monitoring software. The software was developed at the Department of Mathematical Geodesy and Positioning of DUT. The main function of this software is to detect slips and outliers in phase and code observations in real time. In addition, the software also allowe the validation of the information contained in the broadcast navigation messages. The results of the IGEX-98 data analyses will be presented in a three-part series. In this second part of the series, GLONASS outlier and slip statistics will be discussed in detail. The first part was concerned with the availability of GLONASS observations, while in the third one the broadcast navigation message validation results will be considered. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    GPS solutions 3 (2000), S. 35-38 
    ISSN: 1521-1886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: The forthcoming World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC) will deal with frequency allocation and protection issues that are of fundamental importance to GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) and GPS (Global Positioning System), which is a component of GNSS. In many countries, GPS L1 and L2 are not protected, and much needs to be done to obtain a frequency allocation for GPS L5. A brief explanation of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and how it can impact satellite navigation at its World Radiocommunication Conference in 2000 (WRC-2000) is provided. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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