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  • Chemistry  (4,143)
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • SPACE SCIENCES
  • Seismicity
  • 2000-2004  (1,275)
  • 1945-1949  (3,680)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Accreditation and quality assurance 5 (2000), S. 409-413 
    ISSN: 1432-0517
    Keywords: Key words Metrology ; Comparisons ; Chemistry ; Standards
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  After stressing the importance in the modern world of accurate and reproducible measurements, the actions taken by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures to set up, together with the regional metrology organizations, a series of key comparisons are described. They are the technical foundation of a mutual recognition of national measurement standards arrangement prepared in conjunction with the National Metrology Institutes (NMIs). This arrangement also includes the recognition of calibration and measurement certificates issued by these institutes. Then, the consequences of this arrangement for trade are described. The case of chemical analysis is illustrated by the application of the Kyoto protocol on the reduction of greenhouse gases. But the global workload to be taken up by the International Committee of Weights and Measures, its Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance and the NMIs is huge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: Key words Mount Rainier ; Seismicity ; Geochemistry ; Magmatic–hydrothermal system model ; Volcano monitoring
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  Mount Rainier is one of the most seismically active volcanoes in the Cascade Range, with an average of one to two high-frequency volcano-tectonic (or VT) earthquakes occurring directly beneath the summit in a given month. Despite this level of seismicity, little is known about its cause. The VT earthquakes occur at a steady rate in several clusters below the inferred base of the Quaternary volcanic edifice. More than half of 18 focal mechanisms determined for these events are normal, and most stress axes deviate significantly from the regional stress field. We argue that these characteristics are most consistent with earthquakes in response to processes associated with circulation of fluids and magmatic gases within and below the base of the edifice.Circulation of these fluids and gases has weakened rock and reduced effective stress to the point that gravity-induced brittle fracture, due to the weight of the overlying edifice, can occur. Results from seismic tomography and rock, water, and gas geochemistry studies support this interpretation. We combine constraints from these studies into a model for the magmatic system that includes a large volume of hot rock (temperatures greater than the brittle–ductile transition) with small pockets of melt and/or hot fluids at depths of 8–18 km below the summit. We infer that fluids and heat from this volume reach the edifice via a narrow conduit, resulting in fumarolic activity at the summit, hydrothermal alteration of the edifice, and seismicity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-157X
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Central Italy ; Umbria-Marche ; Aftershock sequence ; seismic crisis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present the spatio-temporal distribution of more than 2000 earthquakesthat occurred during the Umbria-Marche seismic crisis, between September 26and November 3, 1997. This distribution was obtained from recordings of atemporary network that was installed after the occurrence of the first two largest shocks (Mw =, 5.7, Mw = 6.0) of September 26. This network wascomposed of 27 digital 3-components stations densely distributed in theepicentral area. The aftershock distribution covers a region of about 40 km long and about2 km wide along the NW-SE central Apennines chain. The activity is shallow,mostly located at less than 9 km depth. We distinguished three main zonesof different seismic activity from NW to SE. The central zone, that containsthe hypocenter of four earthquakes of magnitude larger than 5, was the moreactive and the more complex one. Sections at depth identify 40–50°dipping structures that agree well with the moment tensor focalmechanisms results. The clustering and the migration of seismicity from NW to SE and the generalfeatures are imaged by aftershock distribution both horizontally and at depth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 88 (2000), S. 35-58 
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Keywords: Chemistry ; interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) ; Leonids ; meteor trails ; meteoroids ; meteors ; structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The cometary Leonid meteoroids represent a size range in between largest carbon-richIDPs and the smallest CI meteorites. Their dustball structure and chemistry offer anopportunity to constrain hierarchical dust accretion inferred from petrologic studies ofaggregate and cluster IDPs. The Leonid shower meteoroids of known ``comet ejection''ages provide an opportunity to study space weathering of cometary dust over periodsof up to several hundred years. The meteors and aggregate and cluster IDPs displaycontinuous thermal modification of organics and volatile element (Na, K-bearing phases), that occur as discrete minerals and amorphous solids each different response during kinetically controlled ablation. Leonid meteoroids are not excessively Na-rich. The occurrences of Leonid meteors can now be accurate predicted and combined withknowledge better models for the settling rates, collections of surviving dust becomea comet nucleus-sampling mission.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of engineering geology and the environment 59 (2000), S. 23-37 
    ISSN: 1435-9537
    Keywords: Key words Landslide ; Slope stability ; Seismicity ; Ground motion ; Critical acceleration ; Mots clés Glissement de terrain ; Stabilité de pente ; Sismicité ; Mouvement sismique ; Accélération critique
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le 29 decembre 1993, un glissement de terrain se produit dans la périphérie de Senerchia (Italie du sud), dans une localité appelée "Vadoncello". Le mouvement de terrain était en activité de manière variable jusqu'à ce jour: la vitesse maximum fut atteinte en 1995, quand fut enregistrée une séquence sismique de faible magnitude (maximum 3.6). L'évolution du glissement de terrain fut étudiée en considérant aussi bien les caractéristiques de l'activité sismique que les conditions de stabilité de la pente. Les résultats des analyses ont montré qu'il n'est pas certain que l'action sismique ait eu un rôle dans le déclenchement du mouvement de terrain, bien que ceci ne soit pas exclu. Le comportement de la pente a été plus probablement contrôlé par des facteurs morphologiques et hydrogéologiques et leurs modifications; ainsi, ces derniers peuvent avoir été la cause de la vulnérabilité de la pente même. En conclusion, le mouvement de terrain observé en 1995, que des chocs sismiques faibles, mais à intervalles répétés, ont pu contribuer à déclencher, a conduit à de nouvelles et plus stables conditions d'équilibre sur la pente.
    Notes: Abstract  On 29 December 1993, a slump-earthflow was activated in the outskirts of Senerchia (southern Italy) in a locality named "Vadoncello". Mass movement has been active until the time of writing, at a variable rate. Maximum velocity was reached during 1995, when a seismic sequence of low magnitude (maximum 3.6) was recorded. The landslide evolution was studied considering both the characteristics of seismic activity and slope stability conditions. The results of the analyses showed that the role of seismic action in triggering mass movement is uncertain, although it cannot be excluded. Slope behaviour is more likely to have been controlled by morphological and hydrogeological factors and their modifications, which could also have been responsible for the vulnerability of the slope. In conclusion, the mass movement observed in 1995, triggered by the possible contribution of low magnitude shocks repeated at short intervals, determined new and more stable equilibrium conditions in the slope.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 21 (1949) 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 21 (1949), S. 6-8 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die Anordnung dient zur Messung von Dampfdruckerniedrigungen verdünnter Lösungen (10-3 Mol/l) insbesondere assoziierender Substanzen. Es wurde eine Meßanordnung entwickelt, in der die durch kleine Druckdifferenzen verursachte Ausbuchtung der Wölbung des Meniskus eines Hg-Manometers nach dem Prinzip eines Photometers lichtelektrisch mit einem Vakuumthermoelement gemessen wird. Die Anordnung gestattet unabhängig vom Gesamtdruck noch Druckschwankungen von 10-4 mm Hg zu messen.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Es werden einige Regeleinrichtungen besprochen, die zum Aufbau von im wesentlichen automatisch arbeitenden Destillationskolonnen sowohl für diskontinuierlichen als auch für kontinuierlichen Betrieb führten.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 21 (1949), S. 1-6 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Unsere wichtigsten chemischen Großsynthesen gehen von Acetylen bzw. vom Kohlenoxyd-Wasserstoff-Gemisch aus. Die Arbeiten im letzten Jahrzehnt bezweckten, diese Rohstoffe unmittelbar aus dem Ferngas zu gewinnen. Von den entwickelten Verfahren verdient insbesondere das Sauerstoff-Verfahren Beachtung. Es liefert ein Synthesegas mit nur noch 0,2% Methan und ist unempfindlich gegen den im Ferngas vorhandenen organischen Schwefel. Eine etwa folgende Umsetzung des Kohlenoxydes mit Wasserdampf zu CO2 und Wasserstoff kann in unmittelbarem Ánschluß an der Kohlenwasserstoff-Spaltung vorgenommen werden, so daß kein neuer Dampfverbrauch auftritt. Während in der folgenden Arbeit über das Verfahren zur Verarbeitung des gesamten Ferngases auf Kohlenoxyd und Wasserstoff berichtet wird, wird in einer weiteren Arbeit die chemische Verwertung der einzelnen Bestandteile des Ferngases behandelt.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 21 (1949), S. 19-24 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Nach den verfügbaren amerikanischen Quellen wird zusammenfassend über die seit etwa 1940 in Amerika erreichten Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Sauerstoff-Erzeugung und -Anwendung berichtet, besonders über Versuche an Austauschböden und Trennkolonnen für kleinere, meist leichtbewegliche Anlagen, über die Mittel zur Kälteerzeugung, über die Herstellung und den Versand von flüssigem Sauerstoff sowie über die unmittelbare Erzeugung von hochkomprimiertem Sauerstoff für die Flaschenfüllung durch Verdampfung des flüssigen Sauerstoffs im Zerlegungsapparat. Weiter wird ein neuer Austauschertyp besprochen und auf neu erschlossene Anwendungsgebiete für billigen, mäßig reinen Sauerstoff hingewiesen.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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