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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Constructing Chinese Masculinity for the Modern World: with Particular Reference to Lao She's The Two Mas (2000)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 164 (2000), S. 1062-1078 
    Details
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , History , Political Science , Sociology , Economics
    Notes: In the early decades of the 20th century, Chinese identities were subjected to profound challenges posed by the West. Traditional Chinese linkages between gender and power were shaken by contact with aggressive western imperialism. Although there are numerous studies on this impact, almost nothing has been written on its effects on the Chinese constructions of masculinity. Did East-West contact significantly change the male ideal? If so, how did the new image integrate traditional and Western gender configurations? This article first examines the theoretical basis of masculinity models in traditional China, and then analyses the ways in which a Western context could alter the ways Chinese intellectuals reconstruct these models to arrive at a new male prototype. As one of the best known examples of the interface between East and West, Lao She's (1899–1966) novel Er Ma (The Two Mas) will be used as a case study. The 1920s was a time when many Westernized intellectuals such as Xu Zhimo were totally enamoured by European civilization, to such an extent that Xu's influential friend Hu Shi once called for a “wholesale Westernization” of Chinese culture. While there was a great diversity of masculine ideals in this period, the effects on the male identity from contact with the West were fundamental and enduring, and the images presented in The Two Mas were in many respects typical of the Republican era.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0305741000019305
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flowerdew, John: The Final Years of British Hong Kong: The Discourse of Colonial Withdrawal : Basingstoke, Macmillan, 1998 (2000)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 164 (2000), S. 1091-1093 
    Details
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , History , Political Science , Sociology , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0305741000019408
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Systemic Irregularity and Spontaneous Property Transformation in the Chinese Financial System (2000)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 163 (2000), S. 655-676 
    Details
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , History , Political Science , Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Although the Chinese leadership and international observers disagree on many things about China, they share at least one assessment: corruption has penetrated China's public sector, and the state financial system is among the worst examples. In Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index released annually since the early 1990s, China has been placed either into the bottom group (“the most corrupt”) or at the lower tier (“more corrupt than the majority”). During the Asian financial crisis The Economist even called the Chinese state banks “the worst banking system in Asia.” The Communist Party leader Jiang Zemin, when addressing a 1996 general meeting on Party discipline, marked several domains as the “major problem area” where big corruption and crime cases concentrated, and the financial sector topped the list. The Prosecutor General, in his 1998 work report, urged law enforcers to pay special attention to the abuses of power by financial officials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0305741000014600
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Taxation without Representation: Peasants, the Central and the Local States in Reform China (2000)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 163 (2000), S. 742-763 
    Details
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , History , Political Science , Sociology , Economics
    Notes: China's countryside has undergone tremendous changes in the last two decades, but the changes and the benefits that came with them were not distributed evenly. Rapid rural industrialization in the Eastern, coastal provinces under the aegis of the local developmental state dramatically improved the lives of villagers. In contrast, township and village enterprises (TVEs) and incomes grew much more slowly in the Central belt of provinces and still more slowly in the Western belt. Because agriculture was the major resource, rural governments had to rely on extraction of taxes and fees from the peasants in order to meet their expenses and to carry out developmental programmes. Here, predatory state agents imposed heavy financial burdens on the peasants. The result was a long festering crisis in the relations between peasants and the local state. Since the mid-1980s, the central authorities have been ordering their local agents to lighten the burdens of the peasants, yet the problem persists to the present. Why has it been so intractable?
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0305741000014648
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    George E. Taylor (1905–2000) (2000)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 163 (2000), S. 843-844 
    Details
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , History , Political Science , Sociology , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0305741000014697
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    He, Baogang: The Democratization of China : London and New York, Routledge, 1996 (2000)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 163 (2000), S. 846-847 
    Details
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , History , Political Science , Sociology , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0305741000014715
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Online and on China: Research Sources in the Information Age (2000)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 163 (2000), S. 821-842 
    Details
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , History , Political Science , Sociology , Economics
    Notes: The availability of sources has repeatedly shaped the academic study of contemporary China. In the 1950s and early 1960s scholars relied heavily on official Chinese government sources, which were often accessed through U.S. government translation series. By the mid-1960s, researchers began to draw upon a broader range of Chinese media, especially from the provincial and local levels, as well as interviews with refugees and legal immigrants conducted at the Union Research Institute and Universities Service Centre in Hong Kong. Access to Cultural Revolution materials in the 1970s, particularly revealing Red Guard newspapers and unauthorized collections of Communist Party documents and Politburo member speeches, added an additional level of understanding. The opening of China to fieldwork in 1979 prompted research programmes such as Zouping county, while the use of mainland libraries and archives provided access to an even wider range of materials. Since the late 1980s, as mainland researchers began to examine their society and its recent past, Chinese scholarly writings have offered a new level of detail and rigour that was previously unavailable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0305741000014685
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pantsov, Alexander: The Bolsheviks and the Chinese Revolution, 1919–1927 : Richmond, Surrey, Curzon, 2000 (2000)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 163 (2000), S. 864-866 
    Details
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , History , Political Science , Sociology , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0305741000014831
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kutcher, Norman: Mourning in Late Imperial China: Filial Piety and the State : Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1999 (2000)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 163 (2000), S. 863-864 
    Details
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , History , Political Science , Sociology , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S030574100001482X
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dzever, Sam; Jaussaud, Jacques: China and India: Economic Performance and Business Strategies of Firms in the mid-1990s : Basingstoke, Macmillan, 1998 (2000)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 163 (2000), S. 856-858 
    Details
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , History , Political Science , Sociology , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0305741000014776
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