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  • Articles  (7)
  • regulation  (7)
  • 2000-2004  (7)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1945-1949
  • Economics  (7)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of law and economics 9 (2000), S. 75-91 
    ISSN: 1572-9990
    Keywords: Contracts ; regulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Law , Economics
    Notes: Abstract After considering the possible outcomes that may result from the interaction between potential contract parties, this paper discusses potential causes of inefficiency and investigates how the law affects conditions that would give rise to inefficiency. The analysis is focussed on the European regulation of standard form contracts. This regulation implies that ‘unfair terms’ in standard form contracts are unenforceable in Member States of the European Community, and can be interpreted as a measure to curtail the adverse selection problem that originates in the fact that contract parties may use standard form contracts. This paper investigates the welfare implication of this protection against unfair contracts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Open economies review 11 (2000), S. 15-41 
    ISSN: 1573-708X
    Keywords: exchange-rate regime ; international monetary system ; international financial architecture ; regulation ; standards
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract The international monetary system (IMS) is a macroeconomic concept that encompasses the foreign exchange-rate regulation, the capital movement system, and all “the rules of the game” for the adjustment of international payment imbalances. The international financial architecture (IFA) is, in contrast, a microeconomic concept and should not be considered synonymous with the IMS. The IFA is one element of the IMS. The current set of international monetary arrangements has been frequently called a “nonsystem.” Today there are two missing pillars in the reform efforts: a framework for managing the interdependence among the macroeconomic policies of the global powers (the United States, Europe, and Japan) and the market-oriented approach to the financing of the IMF.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Review of industrial organization 16 (2000), S. 251-266 
    ISSN: 1573-7160
    Keywords: Efficiency ; open-access transportation ; regulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper examines the initial impact of open-accesstransportation on firm efficiency. Under open-accesstransportation, firms provide transportation servicefor a general class of customers on anon-discriminatory basis. Open-access transportationmay enhance competition among firms, and lead toincreases in firm efficiency as well as lower prices forconsumers. The transportation program's impact onproductive efficiency is tested using a 1977–1989panel of 20 U.S. interstate natural gas pipelinecompanies. Results indicate that the program led to(i) a small reduction in transportation cost, and (ii)small increases in firm efficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Review of industrial organization 16 (2000), S. 303-312 
    ISSN: 1573-7160
    Keywords: Competition ; regulation ; gas industry ; common carrier
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Although Hong Kong is widely regarded as a free andcompetitive economy, there are actually no competitionlaws or comprehensive competition policies in HongKong. The government argues that a sector-specificapproach to safeguard competition is more practicable.In this paper, a sector-specific approach is adoptedto analyze the problem of dominance in Hong Kong's gasindustry. Instead of imposing extensive governmentregulations on the dominant firm in the industry, theauthor argues that a better way to discipline the firmis by introducing natural gas and a common carriersystem to Hong Kong.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Open economies review 11 (2000), S. 69-109 
    ISSN: 1573-708X
    Keywords: bank crises ; bad banking practices ; incentives ; moral hazard ; monitoring ; supervision ; regulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Recent bank crises in developed and developing countries have underlined the question of a good “regulatory regime,” which is a wider concept than the set of prudential principles and business rules established by external regulatory agencies. The role of external regulation in fostering a safe and sound banking system is limited. The incentive's structure for private banks and the efficiency of monitoring and supervision have to play a great role. Liberalization of markets can have bad effects in the transitional period, but advantages can be enormous after the system starts to work correctly. The main lesson of recent bank crises is that there needs to be more effective surveillance of financial institutions both by supervisory authorities and by markets. Effective regulation (internal and external) and supervision of banks and financial institutions have the potential to give a major contribution to the stability and robustness of financial system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Review of industrial organization 16 (2000), S. 343-356 
    ISSN: 1573-7160
    Keywords: Price caps ; regulation ; Telecommunications Act
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract The last decade has witnessed a dramatic substitutionof price cap regulation for rate-of-return regulationin the telecommunications industry. The 1996Telecommunications Act empowers state regulators toset the terms of competitive entry in local telephonemarkets. We investigate whether the form of regulationendogenously affects the regulator's behavior withrespect to competitive entry. The evidence revealsthat regulators in price cap jurisdictions tend to setmore liberal terms of entry in comparison withregulators in rate-of-return jurisdictions. Thissuggests that price cap regulation suffers fromincomplete contracting, undermining the potentiallysuperior incentive properties of this importantregulatory reform.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of management & governance 4 (2000), S. 299-318 
    ISSN: 1572-963X
    Keywords: creativity ; dynamic capabilities ; electronic publishing ; intellectual property ; regulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Intellectual property issues have been formulated mostly in termsof legal and regulatory aspects. In the case of electronicpublishing, as with a number of other technology-basedindustries, there has been concern on the part of government andinternational bodies to tighten intellectual property rights(IPRs). On the basis of a survey of smaller electronicpublishing firms in the UK, we find that such tightening of IPRshas little support from them. Instead, they voice concern thatintensified regulation, whatever it gains for them in revenues,could alter the whole structure of the industry in ways veryunfavourable to them. The survey reveals that their mainconcerns are, instead, directed at the kind of issues portrayedin the recent literature on ``dynamic capabilities''. In thisliterature, the extent of replicability is central to theprovision of IPRs. We find that policy-makers see electronicpublishing as an instance of `easy replicability', thuswarranting tougher IPRs, whereas the industry itself seesreplicability as considerably harder, because of dependence oninternal capabilities generated within firms. Changes ingovernance need to relate more closely to managementcapabilities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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