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  • Articles  (148)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (148)
  • American Chemical Society
  • American Meteorological Society
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  • Springer Nature
  • Springer Science + Business Media
  • 2000-2004  (148)
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  • Law  (148)
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  • Articles  (148)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    How Robust is the Kearney/Foreign Policy Globalisation Index? (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @world economy 27 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9701
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Law , Economics
    Notes: We argue that the Kearney/Foreign Policy (KFP) index of globalisation is constructed by making some problematic assumptions about the measurement, normalisation and weighting of the variables included in the index. We propose alternative measurement, normalisation and weighting rules, and using these rules, recalculate the ranking of the fifty countries, using the original KFP data. Specifically, we use, in various combinations: (i) variables ‘adjusted’ for geographical characteristics of countries; (ii) statistically optimal weights obtained by principal components analysis; (iii) a normalisation rule that treats different years of observations separately. We find that the country rankings change significantly when adjusted variables are used, indicating that the original KFP index is partially measuring geographical differences between countries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0378-5920.2004.00611.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Dilemma of Enlargement for the European Union's Regional Policy (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @world economy 27 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9701
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Law , Economics
    Notes: The integration of the former communist countries of central and eastern Europe into the European Union creates a dilemma for the EU's regional policy. The EU's expenditure on regional policy (its ‘active’ regional policy) has been guided by political reactions to deepening or enlarging the EU, not by a rational strategy for regional policy. In contrast, the strong EU instrument of state aid control, developed for competition policy (its ‘reactive’ regional policy) has been relatively successful in avoiding a national race of regional subsidies among the member states. We show that a shift from active regional policy to reactive, competition-oriented, regional policies is the preferred way for the established member states to handle the challenge of enlargement. At the same time, however, this shift is politically difficult for the accession countries to accept, despite the fact that this shift might prove better for them economically. This regional policy dilemma is one of the major obstacles for the full integration of the accession countries into the EU.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0378-5920.2004.00615.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trade Wars: The Exaggerated Impact of Trade in Economic Debate (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @world economy 27 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9701
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Law , Economics
    Notes: The rules governing trade and capital flows have been at the centre of controversy as globalisation has proceeded. One reason is the belief that trade and capital flows have massive effects on the labour market – either positive, per the claims of international financial institutions and free trade enthusiasts, or negative, per the ubiquitous protestors at WTO, IMF and World Bank meetings demanding global labour standards. Comparing the claims made in this debate with the outcomes of trade agreements, this paper finds that the debate has exaggerated the effects of trade on economies and the labour market. Changes in trade policy have had modest impacts on the labour market. Other aspects of globalisation – immigration, capital flows and technology transfer – have greater impacts, with volatile capital flows creating great risk for the well-being of workers. As for labour standards, global standards do not threaten the comparative advantage of developing countries nor do poor labour standards create a ‘race to the bottom’.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2004.00585.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Developing Countries as Plaintiffs and Defendants in GATT/WTO Trade Disputes (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @world economy 27 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9701
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Law , Economics
    Notes: Developing countries have been increasing their participation in the formal institutions and proceedings of the multilateral trading system. A prominent example is their more frequent involvement as defendants and plaintiffs in GATT/WTO trade disputes. This paper provides an initial economic appraisal of developing country performance in the GATT/WTO dispute settlement system. We measure the economic resolution of these disputes through trade liberalisation gains, and our results suggest that developing country plaintiffs have had more success under WTO disputes than was the case under the GATT. We also document evidence on potential determinants of this success: the capacity for plaintiffs to make credible retaliatory threats and the guilty determinations by GATT/WTO panels. Finally, there is also some evidence that developing countries have recognised the importance of retaliatory threats and have responded by changing their pattern of dispute initiation under the WTO to better take advantage of the instances in which they have sufficient leverage to threaten retaliation and induce compliance with GATT/WTO obligations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2004.00588.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    How Desirable is the South Asian Free Trade Area? A Quantitative Economic Assessment (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @world economy 26 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9701
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Law , Economics
    Notes: The proliferation of preferential trading agreements (PTAs) in different regions of the world has been a significant development over the last two decades. South Asian countries have been slowly moving towards a South Asia Free Trade Area (SAFTA) in recent years. The desirability of SAFTA has been questioned by some observers recently. Will SAFTA create gains for its members or not? Is it better for South Asian countries to promote non-discriminatory trade liberalisation rather than SAFTA? The main objective of this paper is to address the above questions, especially the desirability of SAFTA, using a global computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. From the existing empirical and theoretical studies, we have identified three viewpoints on the desirability (or viability) of SAFTA: pessimistic, optimistic, and moderate. The results from two policy scenarios (unilateral liberalisation and SAFTA) confirm the pessimistic view by showing that unilateral liberalisation would benefit South Asian countries much more than preferential liberalisation (SAFTA). In fact, under preferential liberalisation, small countries in the region would gain little or even lose. The present political climate in South Asia also seems to support the pessimistic view.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-9701.2003.00574.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Food Safety Issues, Trade and WTO Rules: A Developing Country Perspective (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @world economy 26 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9701
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Law , Economics
    Notes: The SPS Agreement and the related WTO dispute settlement mechanism are an important first step in strengthening the global trade architecture, bringing in greater transparency and orderly conditions to world food trade. However, implementation of the new trade rules has turned out to be a more complex task than the traditional market access issues handled by the WTO. Several factors, including inadequate financial and technical resources, have constrained devel-oping countries from becoming effective participants in the implementation process, and there is widespread suspicion that SPS regulations are being used as hidden protectionist devices by developed countries. However, despite all the problems, some developing countries have been quite successful in penetrating developed country food markets; they have done so by accepting the consumer preferences and standards in quality-sensitive high-income markets and implementing domestic supply-side measures. While making full use of available international assistance initiatives, developing countries should view the task of complying with SPS standards not just as a barrier but also as an opportunity to upgrade quality standards and market sophistication in the food export sector.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-9701.2003.00576.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synchronised Business Cycles in East Asia and Fluctuations in the Yen/Dollar Exchange Rate (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @world economy 26 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9701
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Law , Economics
    Notes: Because many authors have proposed stimulating the ailing Japanese economy by monetary expansion and yen depreciation, we explore the repercussions of depreciating the yen against the dollar on the other East Asian economies – which largely peg to the dollar. Since 1980, economic integration among Japan's neighbours – China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand – has intensified and (except for China and Singapore) their business cycles have been highly synchronised. These cycles have been closely linked to fluctuations in the yen/dollar exchange rate – through changes in the export competitiveness, inflows of foreign direct investment and intra-Asian income effects. We show that a major yen devaluation would have a negative impact on incomes in other East Asian economies and that it is not a sensible policy option for Japan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9701.00563
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    India's Informal Trade with Bangladesh: A Qualitative Assessment (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @world economy 26 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9701
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Law , Economics
    Notes: The large and vibrant informal trade between India, and Bangladesh continues to thrive despite unilateral/regional/multilateral trade liberalisation in these two countries. This calls for an in-depth analysis of India's informal trade with Bangladesh. Using insights from the New Institutional Economics informal and formal institutions engaged in cross-border trade are contrasted to examine whether informal trading arrangements provide better institutional solutions. The analysis, carried out on the basis of an extensive survey conducted in India and Bangladesh reveals that informal traders in India and Bangladesh have developed efficient mechanisms for contract enforcement, information flows, risk sharing and risk mitigation. Further, informal traders prefer to trade through the informal channel because the transaction costs of trading in the informal channel are significantly lower than the formal channel implying that informal trade takes place due to the inefficient institutional set up in the formal channel. The principal policy implication from the study is that unless the transacting environment of formal traders improves, informal trade will continue to coexist with formal trade, even if free trade is established in the SAARC region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9701.00568
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Collective Action and Transnational Terrorism (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @world economy 26 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9701
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Law , Economics
    Notes: This paper applies modern tools of economic analysis to examine the nature of transnational terrorism and associated collective action concerns that arise in the aftermath of September 11. Throughout the paper, the strategic interaction between rational terrorists and targeted governments are underscored. Networked terrorists draw on their collective strengths to exploit a maximum advantage over targeted governments’ inadequate and uncoordinated responses. A wide range of issues are explored including governments’ deterrence races, undersupplied pre-emption, and suicidal attacks. Myriad substitutions by terrorists limit government anti-terrorism policy effectiveness. A host of policy responses are evaluated in light of economic analysis and past econometric evidence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9701.00548
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Possible Dynamic Effects of AFTA for the New Member Countries (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @world economy 26 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9701
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Law , Economics
    Notes: We discuss the possible dynamic benefits of economic integration for the new members of ASEAN. Direct evidence on regional integration and growth is weak, but three indirect channels are possible. Openness increases access to foreign knowledge, which could help productivity growth. Trade liberalisation is likely to stimulate investment and might promote the integration of the regional production network. Binding liberalisation under AFTA would help ‘lock-in’ and accelerate liberal economic reforms. These gains are not automatic, however. Discriminatory liberalisation will switch imports from sources with high stocks of knowledge towards ASEAN countries, which have lower stocks, and so may lower productivity growth. We term this ‘dynamic’ trade diversion. In addition, local absorptive capabilities must be developed to benefit fully from technology transfer. Finally, we recommend extending AFTA commitments on an MFN basis in order to avoid static and dynamic trade diversions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9701.00551
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