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  • Journals
  • Articles  (17)
  • microstructure  (14)
  • Polymerization
  • 2000-2004  (17)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1955-1959
  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (17)
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  • Journals
  • Articles  (17)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radical polymerization and copolymerization behavior of 1-cyanoethanoyl-4-acryloylthiosemicarbzide (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of polymer research 7 (2000), S. 229-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8935
    Keywords: Functional monomers ; Polymerization ; Copolymerization ; Kinetic studies ; Reactivity ratios
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract 1-Cyanoethanoyl-4-acryloylthiosemicarbazide (CEATS) was synthesized for the first time as a new chelating monomer. Its structure was confirmed by both elemental and spectral analyses. Radical polymerization and copolymerization of CEATS was been carried out in dimethylformamide (DMF) in the presence of azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator. Kinetic studies for the polymerization behavior of CEATS were performed. The complex formation of the CEATS monomer and polymer (PCEATS) with Cu II cation was investigated and its stability constant determined. The rate of copolymerization of CEATS with some conventional monomers, namely vinyl acetate, methyl methacrylate and acrylonitrile, was measured as a function of the mole fraction of the monomers. The reactivity ratios (r1, r2) for the various copolymer systems investigated together with the Q and e values of the CEATS monomer were determined. Moreover, the thermal gravimetric analysis of the prepared polymers and their copolymers with acrylonitrile were also studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10965-006-0124-x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-Temperature Oxidation Behavior of the Intermetallic Compound NbAl3: Influence of Two Processing Techniques on the Oxidation Mechanism (2000)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 54 (2000), S. 27-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: NbAl3 ; microstructure ; high-temperature oxidation ; “pest” phenomenon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The NbAl3 intermetallic compound was prepared two different ways:first, by the classical induction-melting technique; the end product is acoarse-grain massive compound, including cracks and pores. Second, bymechanically activated annealing process (M2AP); the end product is afine-grain, powder of submicron crystallites. The oxidation behavior in airunder atmospheric pressure over the temperature range 500–1350°Cwas studied for each material in order to determine the influence of theNbAl3 microstructure on the oxidation mechanism. In all cases,the massive compound does not form the expected compact alumina, protectivescale. In the lower temperature range, the “pest” phenomenonoccurs. No grain disintegration was evidenced by oxidation of the M2APNbAl3 powder despite the high number of crystallites forming onegrain. This is a good argument with expected behavior for a massive materialproduced from the M2AP precursor by powder metallurgy processing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004694327812
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Effect of Deformation Substructure on the High-Temperature Oxidation of Inconel 625 (2000)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 54 (2000), S. 63-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: microstructure ; Inconel 625 ; oxidation ; deformation substructure ; deformation twins ; energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) ; internal oxide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The high-temperature, isothermal-oxidation behavior of a superalloy was studied in the as-rolled and deformed conditions. The microstructural changes occurring during the oxidation of samples were examined using optical, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fine-probe EDS microanalysis, and X-ray diffraction techniques. The topography of the oxide layers formed in the as-rolled and cold-deformed specimens exposed at various temperatures and time intervals is also examined. The kinetics and microstructural results are presented for the comparative study of the structural changes occurring during high-temperature oxidation. It was found that a Cr2O3 external layer was adherent and uniform on the rolled specimens in comparison to the scattered and preferential oxide developed on the deformed specimens. The latter can be attributed to the concurrent dynamic changes occurring in the deformed substructure that subsequently lead to breaking and spallation of the oxide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004698528721
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Influence of the Alloy Microstructure on the Oxidation Behavior of Ti–46Al–1Cr–0.2Si Alloy (2000)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 53 (2000), S. 99-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: γ-TiAl-based intermetallic alloy ; oxidation ; microstructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The influence of microstructure of the two-phase alloyTi–46Al–1Cr–0.2Si on the oxidation behavior in air between600 and 900°C was studied. The oxidation rate, type of scale, and scalespallation resistance were strongly affected by the type of microstructure,i.e., lamellar in as-cast material and duplex after extrusion at1300°C. The oxidation rate was affected by the size and distribution ofthe α2-Ti3Al phase, being faster for the extrudedmaterial with coarse α2-Ti3Al. The type of oxide scaledetermines the spalling resistance. Cast material developed a uniform scalethat spalled off after short exposure times at 800 and 900°C when a criticalthickness was reached. The extruded material presented a heterogeneous scalewith predominant thick regions formed on γ-TiAl-α2-Ti3Algrains and thin scale regions formed on γ-TiAl grains. Thistype of scale could permit an easier relaxation in the matrix of stressesgenerated by both thermal-expansion mismatch between scale and alloy andoxide growth, resulting in a higher spallation resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004534830767
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the synthesis and properties of terpene-phenol-aldehyde resin with a high softening point (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of wood science 46 (2000), S. 143-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1611-4663
    Keywords: α-Pinene ; Phenol ; Formaldehyde ; Polymerization ; Condensation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Synthesis conditions of terpene-phenol-aldehyde resin with a high softening point were studied based on the reactions amongα-pinene, phenol, and formaldehyde. A suitable catalyst system and the best processing conditions were obtained by laboratory experiments. The influence of the raw materials ratios, reaction temperature, reaction time, and catalyst dose on the softening point, yield, and color of the synthesized resin was examined. The physical and chemical characteristics of the resin were determined: softening point ≥140°C (ball and ring method); color value ≤7 (Gardner); acid value (KOH mg/g) 〈1; bromine value (Br2 mg/100g) 〈64; saponification value (KOH mg/g) 〈1; average molecular weight ∼830. The yield of resin was more than 85% (based on the total raw material).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00777361
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of microstructure on the hardening and softening behaviors of polycrystalline shape memory alloys Part II: Numerical simulation under axisymmetrical loading (2000)
    Springer
    Acta mechanica Sinica 16 (2000), S. 325-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1614-3116
    Keywords: phase transformation ; microstructure ; hardening and softening ; polycrystalline material ; shape memory alloys
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Based on the microstructure-based constitutive model established in Part I, a detailed numerical investigation on the role of each microstructure parameter in the kinematical and kinetic evolution of polycrystalline SMA under axisymmetrical tension loading is performed. Some macroscopic constitutive features of stress-induced martensite transformation are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02487685
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of microstructure on the hardening and softening behavIors of polycrystalline shape memory alloys Part I: Micromechanics constitutive modeling (2000)
    Springer
    Acta mechanica Sinica 16 (2000), S. 309-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1614-3116
    Keywords: phase transformation ; microstructure ; hardening and softening ; polycrystalline material ; shape momory alloys
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The effects of microstructure and its evolution on the macroscopic superelastic stress-strain response of polycrystalline Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) are studied by a microstructure-based constitutive model developed in this paper. The model is established on the following basis: (1) the transformation conditions of the unconstrained single crystal SMA microdomain (to be distinguished from the bulk single crystal), which serve as the local criterion for the derivation of overall transformation yield conditions of the polycrystal; (2) the micro- to macro-transition scheme by which the connection between the polycrystal aggregates and the single crystal microdomain is established and the macroscopic transformation conditions of the polycrystal SMA are derived; (3) the quantitative incorporation of three microstructure factors (i.e., nucleation, growth and orientation distribution of martensite) into the modeling. These microstructural factors are intrinsic of specific polycrystal SMA systems and the role of each factor in the macroscopic constitutive response is quantitatively modeled. It is demonstrated that the interplay of these factors will result in different macroscopic transformation kinematics and kinetics which are responsible for the observed macroscopic stress-strain hardening or softening response, the latter will lead to the localization and propagation of transformation bands in TiNi SMA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02487684
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Light Exposure and Ultrasound on the Formation of Porous Silicon (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 7 (2000), S. 381-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: porous silicon ; microstructure ; infrared spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract We have investigated the effect of light exposure and ultrasonic (US) treatment on the formation of porous Si layers grown by electroless stain-etching technique. It was shown that; the He-Ne laser exposure resultedin a considerable increase in both the hydrogenation and the oxidation amounts in n-type Si, but a decrease in p-type wafers. The effect is attributable to effective change in the concentration of free hole carriers. The UV light exposure has led to the shift at the peak positions, indicating probably a change in bonding configuration, and increase in oxidation. Also, a correlation was established between the ultrasonic treatment and the microstructure. The US treated samples exhibit a decrease in hydrogenation and oxidation. UV exposure together with the US has led to a further decrease in both hydrogen and oxygen amounts, which was rather indicative of an excessive surface etching.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009687021287
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluating Dielectric Impedance Spectra using Effective Media Theories (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of electroceramics 5 (2000), S. 37-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8663
    Keywords: impedance spectroscopy ; effective media theories ; equivalent circuits ; microstructure ; grain boundaries
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The immittance spectra (i.e., impedance and modulus representations) are calculated for various effective medium theories, i.e., the Maxwell-Wagner (MW), Hashin-Shtrikman (HS), Bruggeman Asymmetric (BA) and Bruggeman Symmetric (BS) models, with emphasis on their individual microstructures. In addition the brick-layer (BL) model is also considered. The BL and MW-HS models yield similar single impedance arcs for a relatively low volume fraction conductive matrix (coating on the low conductivity phase). The BA model yields single impedance arcs different from the MW-HS models. The BL and MW-HS models yield virtually identical dual impedance arc behavior for a low volume fraction insulating matrix (coating on the high conductivity phase). At low volume fractions of insulating matrix, the low frequency arc due to the insulating material for the BA model is much smaller than for the MW-HS model. The BS model exhibits single impedance arc behavior when the volume fraction of conductor is above or near the percolation threshold and dual arc behavior somewhat below the percolation threshold. Equivalent circuits for these model materials are discussed, and application is made to experimental data for various electroceramic systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009989427283
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microstructure and Phase Development of Buried Resistors in Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of electroceramics 5 (2000), S. 217-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8663
    Keywords: microstructure ; buried resistor ; LTCC ; XRD ; SEM
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Embedded resistor circuits have been generated with the use of a Micropen system, Ag conductor paste (DuPont 6142D), a new experimental resistor ink from DuPont (E84005-140), and Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic (LTCC) green tape (DuPont A951). Sample circuits were processed under varying peak temperature ranges (835°C–875°C) and peak soak times (10 min–720 min). Resistors were characterized by SEM, TEM, EDS, and high-temperature XRD. Results indicate that devitrification of resistor glass phase to Celcian, Hexacelcian, and a Zinc-silicate phase occurred in the firing ranges used (835–875°C) but kinetics of divitrification vary substantially over this temperature range. The resistor material appears structurally and chemically compatible with the LTCC. RuO2 grains do not significantly react with the devitrifying matrix material during processing. RuO2 grains coarsen significantly with extended time and temperature and the electrical properties appear to be strongly affected by the change in RuO2 grain size.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026575428178
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