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  • Journals
  • Articles  (241)
  • Chemical Engineering  (238)
  • Polymerization
  • 2000-2004  (3)
  • 1960-1964  (238)
  • 1955-1959
  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (241)
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  • Journals
  • Articles  (241)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1572-8935
    Keywords: Functional monomers ; Polymerization ; Copolymerization ; Kinetic studies ; Reactivity ratios
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract 1-Cyanoethanoyl-4-acryloylthiosemicarbazide (CEATS) was synthesized for the first time as a new chelating monomer. Its structure was confirmed by both elemental and spectral analyses. Radical polymerization and copolymerization of CEATS was been carried out in dimethylformamide (DMF) in the presence of azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator. Kinetic studies for the polymerization behavior of CEATS were performed. The complex formation of the CEATS monomer and polymer (PCEATS) with Cu II cation was investigated and its stability constant determined. The rate of copolymerization of CEATS with some conventional monomers, namely vinyl acetate, methyl methacrylate and acrylonitrile, was measured as a function of the mole fraction of the monomers. The reactivity ratios (r1, r2) for the various copolymer systems investigated together with the Q and e values of the CEATS monomer were determined. Moreover, the thermal gravimetric analysis of the prepared polymers and their copolymers with acrylonitrile were also studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of wood science 46 (2000), S. 143-148 
    ISSN: 1611-4663
    Keywords: α-Pinene ; Phenol ; Formaldehyde ; Polymerization ; Condensation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Synthesis conditions of terpene-phenol-aldehyde resin with a high softening point were studied based on the reactions amongα-pinene, phenol, and formaldehyde. A suitable catalyst system and the best processing conditions were obtained by laboratory experiments. The influence of the raw materials ratios, reaction temperature, reaction time, and catalyst dose on the softening point, yield, and color of the synthesized resin was examined. The physical and chemical characteristics of the resin were determined: softening point ≥140°C (ball and ring method); color value ≤7 (Gardner); acid value (KOH mg/g) 〈1; bromine value (Br2 mg/100g) 〈64; saponification value (KOH mg/g) 〈1; average molecular weight ∼830. The yield of resin was more than 85% (based on the total raw material).
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 278 (2000), S. 150-154 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Hydrolysis kinetics ; Polymerization ; Microemulsions ; Aspirin ; Styrene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Two kinds of chemical reactions were studied in two different microemulsion systems: cetyltrimethylammonium bromide/1-butanol/10 and 25% n-octane/water and sodium dodecyl sulfonate/1-butanol/20% styrene/water. One reaction is a hydrolysis reaction, in which aspirin and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene were used as the hydrolysis substrates. The second reaction is the polymerization of styrene, which was initiated by using two initiators, water-soluble K2S2O8 and oil-soluble 2,2′-azobis(isobutyronitrile), and, at the same time, the polymerization of acrylamide, which was initiated by NaHSO3, was also studied. All the hydrolysis reaction experimental results show that the hydrolysis is greatly affected by the structures and the structural transitions of microemulsions. The hydrolysis rates are higher in water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsion media and decrease with the addition of water. The rates increase in bicontinuous (BC) microemulsions and decrease in oil-in-water (O/W) microemulsions. The transition points of the hydrolysis rates occurred at the two microemulsion structural transition points from W/O to BC and from BC to O/W. The polymerization relationships between the conversions of styrene, the molecular weights of polystyrene and the water contents of the microemulsion system were obtained. The effects of microemulsion structures on the sizes of the polystyrene particles and on the molecular weights of the polymers are discussed. Polystyrene particles with diameters of 10–60 nm were observed by microscopy. Our experimental polymerization results show that microemulsions are suitable as media for the production of polymers, the molecular weights and the particle sizes of which can be controlled and predicted by variations in microemulsion structures.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 139-139 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 135-138 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Silicas have been synthesized of which the OH groups have been substituted for organic radicals with double bonds. The methanol, benzene and heptane sorption isotherms of the olefin-substituted silica specimens have been determined. It has been shown that the sorption of the vapors decreases with increasing substitution of the OH group by the organic radicals. The organosubstituted silicas were used as fillers of polymethylmethacrylate.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 140-144 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new universal tester is described, basically capable of testing samples in the 0.2 to 8000 inches/minute range. With servo controls a load-elongation curve is obtained which is a measure of material response independent of the machine. Load cell output is fed into the Y axis of an oscilloscope and displacement to the X axis. Useful where deviation from viscoelastic theory is suspected in time-temperature behaviour, for following impact behaviour and molecular decomposition.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 152-156 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: By observing the surface and internal portions of a film with an electron microscope, information is obtained about the binder structure, pigment distribution and compatibility of the plasticizer. On a larger scale the light microscope can detect imperfections in vortex cells, which can be eliminated by proper solvent formulation, and crystalline bloom which is influenced by plasticizer and light polymer migration. When plasticizer exudes to the surface the durability of the coating is lowered in the two types of exposure, the difference of which can be determined by plasticizer migration.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 145-151 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Identification was described by analysis of pyrolysis products, a method which is complicated by the variety of degradation products, but the decomposition products are fairly specific. The pyrolysis technique was used for a quantitative analysis of acrylate and maleate esters in polymers via a hydriodic acid hydrolysis technique. Because of the low volatility of the higher alkyl halides higher esters were saponified at elevated temperatures and the resultant alcohols were chromatographed. Then vinyl acetate was analyzed on the basis of the quantitative yield of acetic acid from polyvinyl acid pyrolysis.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 161-163 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: It was observed that light is emitted upon polymer oxidation; intensity of light is proportional to oxygen concentration on the surface and presence of an antioxidant effects the emission of light. A linear relationship was found to exist between integrated light intensity and the number of carbonyl atoms formed. In addition concentration of antioxidants present and their synergistic effects can be measured by this method.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 157-160 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Electron spin resonance techniques are used to investigate the structure and decay of radicals produced in irradiated ethyl cellulose. Approximately 99% of the radicals trapped at liquid nitrogen temperature appear to be - C2H4. radicals. These decay immeasurably fast at room temperature. The relatively stable doublet that remains is believed to be due to the CH—O radical. The kinetics of the doublet decay are studied as a function of temperature and dose. The data may be interpreted as resulting from simultaneous first and second order processes at lower doses and from a second order process at higher doses.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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