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  • Other Sources  (32)
  • American Chemical Society
  • National Academy of Sciences
  • Oxford University Press
  • Taylor & Francis
  • 2000-2004  (32)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1
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    Doing Science (2001)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  New York, 294 pp., Oxford University Press, vol. 26, no. ALEX(01)-FR-77-01, AFTAC Contract F08606-76-C-0025, pp. 329, (ISBN 0-521-62434-7 hc (0-521-62478-9 pb))
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: outreach ; communication ; publishing
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
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    Expert Systems and Geographic Information Systems for Impact Assessment (2004)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  London, New York, Taylor & Francis, vol. 70, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 1039-1054, (ISBN 0-415-30725-2, 0-415-30724-4 (400 pp.))
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004
    Description: The field of impact assessment is becoming increasingly important in a wide variety of applied disciplines. Some of the examples discussed in this book include air and noise pollution, terrestrial ecology, landscape, socio-economic impacts, traffic, hydrogeology and coastal waters. The authors come from the School of Planning at Oxford Brookes University. The book grew out of a project to evaluate the pros and cons of using expert systems (ES) and geographic information systems (GIS) to a task that had traditionally been carried out by experts without the benefit of GIS. The book caught my eye, because of my own interest in applying ES and GIS to mineral resource assessment. The accepted wisdom is that expert systems are useful and applicable in situations where a task can be carried out by an expert in a matter of a few hours. The task must be well defined, with well-established procedures for its solution. There should be agreement among experts on how the problem should be solved. The solution should not be based on "common sense", because this generally implies that the problem is too broad and diffuse to be encoded with rules. Although impact assessments have been around for some time, particularly in North America, it is a relatively new process and the definition and codification of assessments has not reached a generally accepted state. Furthermore, ...
    Keywords: Textbook of informatics ; Textbook of geography ; GIS ; Expert systems ; socio-economic ; impact
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 3
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    Membrane lipid patterns typify distinct anaerobic methanotrophic consortia (2004)
    National Academy of Sciences
    In:  PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 101 (30). pp. 11111-11116.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-28
    Description: The anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) is one of the major sinks of this substantial greenhouse gas in marine environments. Recent investigations have shown that diverse communities of anaerobic archaea and sulfate-reducing bacteria are involved in AOM. Most of the relevant archaea are assigned to two distinct phylogenetic clusters, ANME-1 and ANME-2. A suite of specific 13C-depleted lipids demonstrating the presence of consortia mediating AOM in fossil and recent environments has been established. Here we report on substantial differences in the lipid composition of microbial consortia sampled from distinct compartments of AOM-driven carbonate reefs growing in the northwestern Black Sea. Communities in which the dominant archaea are from the ANME-1 cluster yield internally cyclized tetraether lipids typical of thermophiles. Those in which ANME-2 archaea are dominant yield sn-2-hydroxyarchaeol accompanied by crocetane and crocetenes. The bacterial lipids from these communities are also distinct even though the sulfate-reducing bacteria all belong to the Desulfosarcina/Desulfococcus group. Nonisoprenoidal glycerol diethers are predominantly associated with ANME-1-dominated communities. Communities with ANME-2 yield mainly conventional, ester-linked diglycerides. ANME-1 archaea and associated sulfate-reducing bacteria seem to be enabled to use low concentrations of methane and to grow within a broad range of temperatures. Our results offer a tool for the study of recent and especially of fossil methane environments.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 4
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    Zinc Complexation in Hydrothermal Chloride Brines: Results from ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Calculations (2003)
    American Chemical Society
    In:  The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 107 (7). pp. 1050-1054.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-11
    Description: We determined the coordination environment of Zn2+ in aqueous Cl- brines at 25 °C and 300 °C using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. The ZnCl+ and ZnCl2 complexes exist as pseudo-octahedral ZnClm(H2O)6-m clusters at 25 °C but occur as pseudo-tetrahedral ZnClm(H2O)4-m clusters at 300 °C. The ZnCl3- complex occurs as the pseudo-tetrahedral ZnCl3(H2O)- cluster at 25 and 300 °C. The tetrahedral ZnCl42- complex, however, is the dominant Zn−Cl complex at 25 °C, at least in highly concentrated (7.4 m) Cl- brines. The change in hydration number with temperature for the ZnCl+ and ZnCl2 complexes will complicate extrapolations of solvation energies to hydrothermal conditions using a Born-model-based equation of state.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 5
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    γ-Linolenic Acid Biosynthesis: Cryptoregiochemistry of Δ6Desaturation (2001)
    American Chemical Society
    In:  Journal of Organic Chemistry, 66 (4). pp. 1210-1215.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-20
    Description: The valuable nutraceutical γ-linolenic acid (GLA, (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoic acid) is biosynthesized by a series of regio- and stereoselective dehydrogenation reactions that are catalyzed by a set of enzymes known as fatty acid desaturases. As part of ongoing research into the mechanism of these remarkable catalysts, we have examined the cryptoregiochemistry (site of initial oxidation) of Δ6 desaturation as it occurs in the protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila. Two complementary approaches that address this issue are described. In the first set of experiments, we measured the individual primary deuterium kinetic isotope effects associated with the C−H bond cleavages at C-6 and C-7. Competition experiments using appropriately deuterium-labeled 4-thiasubstrates revealed that a large KIE (kH/kD = 7.1 ± 0.5) was observed for the C−H bond-breaking step at C-6, whereas the C−H bond cleavage at C-7 was insensitive to deuterium substitution (kH/kD = 1.04 ± 0.05). These results point to C-6 as the site of initial oxidation in Δ6 desaturation since the first chemical step in this type of reaction is rupture of a strong, unactivated C−H bond, an energetically difficult process that typically exhibits a large KIE. This conclusion was supported by the results of our second approach, which involved locating the position of the putative diiron oxo oxidant with respect to substrate by monitoring the efficiency of oxo transfer to a series of thia fatty acid probes. Thus only a 6-thia-analogue is converted to significant amounts of the corresponding sulfoxide (9% yield). The absolute configuration of this product was determined to be S using (S)-MPAA as a chiral shift reagent. Taken together, these results point to the abstraction of the C-6 pro S hydrogen as the initial event in Δ6 desaturation as it occurs in T. thermophila.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 6
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    Predator diversity hotspots in the blue ocean (2003)
    National Academy of Sciences
    In:  PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 100 . pp. 9884-9888.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-21
    Description: Concentrations of biodiversity, or hotspots, represent conservation priorities in terrestrial ecosystems but remain largely unexplored in marine habitats. In the open ocean, many large predators such as tunas, sharks, billfishes, and sea turtles are of current conservation concern because of their vulnerability to overfishing and ecosystem role. Here we use scientific-observer records from pelagic longline fisheries in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans to show that oceanic predators concentrate in distinct diversity hotspots. Predator diversity consistently peaks at intermediate latitudes (20–30° N and S), where tropical and temperate species ranges overlap. Individual hotspots are found close to prominent habitat features such as reefs, shelf breaks, or seamounts and often coincide with zooplankton and coral reef hotspots. Closed-area models in the northwest Atlantic predict that protection of hotspots outperforms other area closures in safeguarding threatened pelagic predators from ecological extinction. We conclude that the seemingly monotonous landscape of the open ocean shows rich structure in species diversity and that these features should be used to focus future conservation efforts.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 7
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    Legionella pneumophila: an aquatic microbe goes astray (2002)
    Oxford University Press
    In:  FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 26 (2). pp. 149-162.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-31
    Description: Legionella pneumophila is naturally found in fresh water were the bacteria parasitize within protozoa. It also survives planctonically in water or biofilms. Upon aerosol formation via man-made water systems, L. pneumophila can enter the human lung and cause a severe form of pneumonia, called Legionnaires’ disease. The pathogenesis of Legionnaires’ disease is largely due to the ability of L. pneumophila to invade and grow within macrophages. An important characteristic of the intracellular survival strategy is the replication within the host vacuole that does not fuse with endosomes or lysosomes. In recent times a great number of bacterial virulence factors which affect growth of L. pneumophila in both macrophages and protozoa have been identified. The ongoing Legionella genome project and the use of genetically tractable surrogate hosts are expected to significantly contribute to the understanding of bacterium–host interactions and the regulation of virulence traits during the infection cycle. Since person-to-person transmission of legionellosis has never been observed, the measures for disease prevention have concentrated on eliminating the pathogen from water supplies. In this respect detection and analysis of Legionella in complex environmental consortia become increasingly important. With the availability of new molecular tools this area of applied research has gained new momentum.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 8
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    Separation and Detection of Siderophores Produced by Marine Bacterioplankton Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2003)
    American Chemical Society
    In:  Analytical Chemistry, 75 (11). pp. 2647-2652.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-30
    Description: High-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry was applied to the detection of the iron(III) complexes of the hydroxamate siderophores rhodotoluric acid, deferrioxamine B, and deferrichrome. Separation of the iron(III) complexes was obtained using a polystyrene-divinylbenzene stationary phase. The retention and responses of ferrioxamine and ferrichrome were optimal when a gradient elution program with methanol and 0.1% (v/v) formic acid as the mobile phases was used. These conditions were also suitable for the retention and separation of the uncomplexed ligands. Retention of iron(III) rhodotoluate was improved when formic acid was replaced by the ion-pairing reagent heptafluorobutyric acid (0.1%). Detection limits for the ferric complexes, defined as 3 SD of the lowest determined standard, were 26 nM for iron(III) rhodotoluate, 0.23 nM for ferrioxamine, and 0.40 nM for ferrichrome. A protocol for the solid-phase extraction of these hydroxamate siderophores from seawater was developed and applied to the extraction of siderophores from enriched incubated seawater samples.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 9
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    Separation and Detection of Siderophores Produced by Marine Bacterioplankton Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2003)
    American Chemical Society
    In:  Analytical Chemistry, 75 (11). pp. 2647-2652.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-30
    Description: High-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry was applied to the detection of the iron(III) complexes of the hydroxamate siderophores rhodotoluric acid, deferrioxamine B, and deferrichrome. Separation of the iron(III) complexes was obtained using a polystyrene-divinylbenzene stationary phase. The retention and responses of ferrioxamine and ferrichrome were optimal when a gradient elution program with methanol and 0.1% (v/v) formic acid as the mobile phases was used. These conditions were also suitable for the retention and separation of the uncomplexed ligands. Retention of iron(III) rhodotoluate was improved when formic acid was replaced by the ion-pairing reagent heptafluorobutyric acid (0.1%). Detection limits for the ferric complexes, defined as 3 SD of the lowest determined standard, were 26 nM for iron(III) rhodotoluate, 0.23 nM for ferrioxamine, and 0.40 nM for ferrichrome. A protocol for the solid-phase extraction of these hydroxamate siderophores from seawater was developed and applied to the extraction of siderophores from enriched incubated seawater samples.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 10
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    The North Atlantic Oscillation: Past, present, and future (2001)
    National Academy of Sciences
    In:  PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 98 (23). pp. 12876-12877.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-14
    Description: The climate of the Atlantic sector exhibits considerable variability on a wide range of time scales. A substantial portion is associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), a hemispheric meridional oscillation in atmospheric mass with centers of action near Iceland and over the subtropical Atlantic. NAO-related impacts on winter climate extend from Florida to Greenland and from northwestern Africa over Europe far into northern Asia. Over the last 3 decades, the phase of the NAO has been shifting from mostly negative to mostly positive index values. Much remains to be learned about the mechanisms that produce such low frequency changes in the North Atlantic climate, but it seems increasingly likely that human activities are playing a significant role. When the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is in its positive phase, low-pressure anomalies over the Icelandic region and throughout the Arctic combine with high-pressure anomalies across the subtropical Atlantic to produce stronger-than-average westerlies across the midlatitudes. During a positive NAO, conditions are colder and drier than average over the northwestern Atlantic and Mediterranean regions, whereas conditions are warmer and wetter than average in northern Europe, the eastern United States, and parts of Scandinavia (Fig. 1 top). Walker and Bliss (1) were among the first to recognize and study this pattern of climate anomalies, which is most pronounced during boreal winter (December through March).
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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