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  • Articles  (21)
  • viscosity  (21)
  • Springer  (21)
  • American Chemical Society
  • American Geophysical Union
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  • 2000-2004  (20)
  • 1970-1974  (1)
  • 1930-1934
  • Physics  (20)
  • Technology  (1)
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  • Geosciences
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phenomenological equations for multicomponent fluids (1972)
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 5 (1972), S. 113-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Nonequilibrium thermodynamics ; electrolyte solution ; high-temperature plasma ; state variable ; forces and fluxes ; nonlocal linear relation ; Onsager reciprocity ; hydrodynamic equation of motion for component ; Navier-Stokes equation ; diffusion ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Ahydrodynamic equation of motion for each component of a multicomponent fluid is derived on the basis of nonequilibrium thermodynamics. Special care has been directed to the choice of state variables. In some limiting cases, this equation leads to customary phenomenological equations, such as the equation for diffusion and the Navier-Stokes equation. The viscosity is a consequence of nonlocal coupling of forces and fluxes. The reciprocity between the linear coefficients is examined closely.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01008374
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transport Coefficients of Hydrogen and Argon–Hydrogen Plasmas (2000)
    Springer
    Plasma chemistry and plasma processing 20 (2000), S. 279-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8986
    Keywords: Transport coefficients ; transport properties ; viscosity ; thermal conductivity ; electrical conductivity ; diffusion coefficient ; Chapman–Enskog method ; hydrogen ; argon ; plasma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Calculated values of the viscosity, thermal conductivity, and electrical conductivity of hydrogen and mixtures of argon and hydrogen at high temperatures are presented. Combined ordinary, pressure, temperature, and electric field diffusion coefficients are also given for the mixtures. The calculations, which assume local thermodynamic equilibrium, are performed for atmospheric pressure plasmas in the temperature range from 300 to 30,000 K. The results are compared with those of previously published studies. Generally, the agreement is reasonable; those discrepancies that exist are attributed to the improved values of some of the collision integrals used here in calculating the transport coefficients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007099926249
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluorescence Study of the Relaxation Process in Excited Hetarylthiazole Cations (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of fluorescence 10 (2000), S. 161-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4994
    Keywords: Excited state ; quinolyl ; structural relaxation ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The absorption and fluorescence spectra of five cations protonated at the quinolyl nitrogen atom (IH+−VH+) and one ethylated (IEt+) cation were investigated. For these compounds (except VH+) both an anomalously large fluorescence Stokes shift (up to 238 nm) and a large short-wavelength fluorescence shift (up to 145 nm) at decreasing temperatures (down to 77 K) were observed. This is not the case for unprotonated molecules. The ground-state conjugation between quinolyl and another molecular fragment was found for II, IH+, IIH+, and IEt+. The relaxation process of excited cations is medium viscosity and temperature dependent. The experimental results are explained in terms of excited-state structural relaxation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009447226786
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energy Deactivation of Electronic Excitation of 2-N-Piperidine-5-(2",2"-Dicyanvinyl)Thiophene Depending on the Solvent Viscosity (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of applied spectroscopy 67 (2000), S. 935-938 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8647
    Keywords: fluorescence ; viscosity ; picosecond spectroscopy ; conformer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Using the methods of picosecond laser spectroscopy and steady-state luminescence, we investigated the energy, spectral, and kinetic characteristics of 2-N-piperidine-5-(2",2"-dicyanvinyl)thiophene (PDCVTh) in solutions at room temperature. The mechanism of radiationless energy deactivation of electronic excitation in PDCVTh is interpreted in terms of the notions of conformational changes, controlled by medium viscosity, in a molecule after absorption by it of excitation energy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004144623480
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Revised Viscosities of Saturated Liquid Halocarbon Refrigerants from 273 to 353 K (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 21 (2000), S. 909-912 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: halocarbons ; refrigerants ; saturated liquid ; vapor buoyancy effect ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents revised saturated liquid viscosities for 15 halocarbon refrigerants, that is, R11, R12, R22, R13B1, R152a, R113, R123, R123a, R143a, R114, R134a, R141b, R142b, R225ca, and R225cb, reported in our previous papers [1, 2], in which the vapor buoyancy correction for the sealed capillary viscometer was not applied. The maximum corrections amount to from 1.2% for R225cb to 17.4% for R143a. The erroneous data in our previous papers should be considered obsolete except for the low-vapor density refrigerants R11, R123, R123a, R113, R141b, R225ca, and R225cb, for which the maximum correction is 2.4%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006666308831
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Effect of Model Internal Flexibility Upon NEMD Simulations of Viscosity (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 21 (2000), S. 45-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: viscosity ; NEMD simulation ; flexible models ; rigid bond lengths
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The influence of model flexibility upon simulated viscosity was investigated. Nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations of viscosity were performed on seven pure fluids using three models for each: one with rigid bonds and angles, one with flexible angles and rigid bonds, and one with flexible bonds and angles. Three nonpolar fluids (propane, n-butane, and isobutane), two moderately polar fluids (propyl chloride and acetone), and two strongly polar fluids (methanol and water) were studied. Internal flexibility had little effect upon the simulated viscosity of nonpolar fluids. While model flexibility did affect the simulated viscosity of the polar fluids, it did so principally by allowing a density-dependent change in the dipole moment of the fluid. By using a rigid model with the same geometry and dipole moment as the average flexible molecule at the same density, it was shown that the direct effect of flexibility is small even in polar fluids. It was concluded that internal model flexibility does not enhance the accuracy of viscosities obtained from NEMD simulations as long as the appropriate model geometry is used in the rigid model for the desired simulation density.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006600719847
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Densities, Viscosities, Sound Speeds, and Excess Properties of Binary Mixtures of Methyl Methacrylate with Alkoxyethanols and 1-Alcohols at 298.15 and 308.15 K (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 21 (2000), S. 1153-1174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: density ; methyl methacrylate +alcohol binary liquid mixtures ; molecular interactions ; relative association ; solvation number ; sound speed ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The densities, viscosities, and sound speeds were measured for six binary mixtures of methyl methacrylate (MMA)+2-methoxyethanol (ME), +2-ethoxyethanol (EE), +2-butoxyethanol (BE), +1-butanol (1-BuOH), +1-pentanol (1-PeOH), and +1-heptanol (1-HtOH) at 298.15 and 308.15 K. The mixture viscosities were correlated by Grunberg–Nissan, McAllister, and Auslander equations. The sound speeds were predicted by using free length and collision factor theoretical formulations, and Junjie and Nomoto equations. The excess viscosities and excess isentropic compressibilities were also calculated. A qualitative analysis of both of these functions revealed that structure disruptions are more predominant in MMA+1-alcohol than in MMA+alkoxyethanols mixtures. The estimated relative associations are found to become less in MMA+alcohol mixtures than in pure alcohols. The solvation numbers derived from the isentropic compressibility of the mixtures, considering MMA as a solvent, showed that structure making interactions are also present in MMA + alkoxyethanols in addition to the structure disruptions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026402222130
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation for Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity of Liquid Halogenated Ethane Refrigerants1 (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 21 (2000), S. 367-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: correlation ; hard spheres ; liquid ; refrigerants ; thermal conductivity ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The viscosity and thermal conductivity of liquid halogenated ethane refrigerants from about 200 K to near the critical temperature, at saturation and also at pressures up to 50 MPa, are shown to be satisfactorily correlated on the basis of a scheme developed by Dymond and Assael from consideration of hard-sphere theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006627411689
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New Correlation Functions for Viscosity Calculation of Gases Over Wide Temperature and Pressure Ranges (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 21 (2000), S. 1011-1031 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: dense fluids ; Rainwater–Friend theory ; second viscosity virial coefficient ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The viscosity of 14 supercritical gases over a wide temperature–pressure range is calculated with a new correlation scheme. Highly accurate realistic interatomic potentials of the noble gases are used in the Chapman–Enskog calculation of the zero-density viscosity and in the Rainwater–Friend theory to determine the initial density dependence of the viscosity. At densities beyond the range of the theory, a variant of the residual viscosity is developed. It is shown that the temperature dependence of the residual viscosity function increases with the number of atoms in the molecule. By including this temperature dependence, the accuracy of the predicted results improves significantly. The accuracy of this method is within the experimental uncertainties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026437702566
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Saturated Liquid Viscosity and Surface Tension of Alternative Refrigerants (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 21 (2000), S. 1225-1253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: dynamic light scattering ; R23 ; R32 ; R123 ; R125 ; R134a ; R143a ; R152a ; refrigerants ; surface light scattering ; surface tension ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Light scattering by thermally excited capillary waves on liquid surfaces or interfaces can be used for the investigation of viscoelastic properties of fluids. In this work, we carried out the simultaneous determination of the surface tension and the liquid kinematic viscosity of some alternative refrigerants by surface light scattering (SLS) on a gas–liquid interface. The experiments are based on a heterodyne detection scheme and signal analysis by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS). R23 (trifluoromethane), R32 (difluoromethane), R125 (pentafluoroethane), R143a (1,1,1-trifluoroethane), R134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane), R152a (1,1-difluoroethane), and R123 (2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane) were investigated under saturation conditions over a wide temperature range, from 233 K up to the critical point. It is estimated that the uncertainty of the present surface tension data for the whole temperature range is less than ±0.2 mN·m−1. For temperatures up to about 0.95T c, the kinematic viscosity of the liquid phase could be obtained with an absolute accuracy of better than 2%. For the highest temperatures studied in this work, measurements for the kinematic viscosity exhibit a maximum uncertainty of about ±4%. Viscosity and surface tension data are represented by a polynomial function of temperature and by a van der Waals-type surface tension equation, respectively. The results are discussed in detail with comparison to literature data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006689724974
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