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  • Articles  (12)
  • Phosphate
  • phase transition
  • Springer  (12)
  • American Chemical Society
  • American Geophysical Union
  • De Gruyter
  • Emerald
  • 2000-2004  (12)
  • 1930-1934
  • Physics  (10)
  • Geosciences  (2)
  • Education
  • Technology
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of maize root mucilage on phosphate adsorption and exchangeability on a synthetic ferrihydrite (2000)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 31 (2000), S. 525-532 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Ferrihydrite ; Phosphate ; Polygalacturonic acid ; Root mucilage ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  This study was conducted to determine the influence of root mucilage (RM) from Zea mays, polygalacturonic acid (PGA), and galacturonic acid (GA), on the adsorption, desorption, and exchangeability of orthophosphate (P) on a synthetic ferrihydrite in deionized water. The adsorption rate and affinity on the oxide decreased in the order P〉GA〉PGA≥RM. The results suggest that P and GA were adsorbed by ligand exchange on Fe-OH surface sites, while RM and PGA might in addition also be adsorbed by hydrogen and van der Waals bonds to the oxide surface. Whereas P and GA could be adsorbed at sites located inside the micropores of ferrihydrite aggregates, PGA and RM probably remained on the external surfaces because of their large molecular weight. The preliminary adsorption of organic compounds decreased the subsequent P adsorption. The larger decrease of P adsorption occurred when dry ferrihydrite powder was directly added to the RM/water suspension. This effect was due to the flocculation of ferrihydrite aggregates, which limited the transport of P to the adsorption sites. Preliminary adsorption of GA also decreased P adsorption, because both compounds competed for the same Fe-OH sites. The ability of the organic compounds to desorb P from the ferrihydrite was not very pronounced and decreased in the order GA〉PGA≥RM. The preliminary adsorption of organic compounds on the oxide resulted in an increase in isotopically exchangeable P in 300 min compared to the treatment without organic compounds. However, because of its higher affinity for the oxide surface, P exchangeability was not modified when P was added before the organic compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740000206
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discrete Symmetry Breaking for Certain Short-Range Interactions (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 98 (2000), S. 1049-1061 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Gibbs measure ; phase transition ; lattice spin system ; discrete symmetry breaking
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Georgii's theorem ensures that, restricted to two-dimensional planes, a single ocean (i.e., infinite connected component) of a ground state and islands (i.e., finite connected components) are observed in lattice spin systems at sufficiently low temperature. This paper extends his results for higher dimensional hyperplanes. Our proof is mainly based on a kind of Peierls argument and is different from Georgii's, which relies on the percolation method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018607526690
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rio Tinto estuary (Spain): 5000 years of pollution (2000)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 39 (2000), S. 1107-1116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Key words Sediment pollution ; Massive sulfides ; Phosphate ; Open-pit mining ; Estuary
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  Mining of massive sulfide deposits in southwestern Spain extending back to the Copper and Bronze Ages has resulted in the pollution of the Rio Tinto fluvial-estuarine complex, the site of Columbus' departure for the New World in 1492. Additional sources of potential pollution include the large industrial complex at Huelva near the lower portion of the estuary. Extensive analysis of surface sediment samples and cores has established that there are no geographic trends in the distribution of the pollutants, which include Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn, Ti, Ba, Cr, V and Co. These data have, however, demonstrated that tidal flux within the estuary carries phosphorus and perhaps other elements from the industrial complex at Huelva to the tidal limit of the system, several kilometers upstream from the discharge site. Radiometric analysis of short cores shows that sedimentation rates over at least the past couple of centuries have been about 0.3 cm/year. These data and that from a single deep core demonstrate that the estuary was polluted from mining activity long before the large-scale operations began in the late nineteenth century.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002549900096
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monitoring the Phase Transition of C12E5/Water/Alkane Microemulsions Through Excimer Formation (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of fluorescence 10 (2000), S. 347-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4994
    Keywords: Nonionic surfactant ; microemulsion ; excimer ; pyrene ; phase transition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The phase transition of microemulsions involving the nonionic surfactant C12E5 [C12H25(OCH2-CH2)5OH], water, and alkanes (heptane, decane and tetradecane) has been investigated through the excimer formation of pyrene. On going to the microemulsion bicontinuous phase, by changing either composition or temperature, pronounced changes in the pyrene excimer-to-monomer fluorescence intensity ratio, I E/I M, are observed. Several differences in the steady-state emission spectra and in fluorescence decay curves show that as a probe pyrene is well suited to follow the transition from the water continuous to the oil continuous phase, through an intermediate bicontinuous (continuous in both water and oil) region. The results provide information about the different characteristics and structure of these three regions (water continuous, bicontinuous, and oil continuous) of the phase diagram for C12E5/water/alkane systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009422328549
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parity Violation of Electroweak Force in Phase Transitions of Single Crystals of D- and L-Alanine and Valine (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of biological physics 26 (2000), S. 51-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0689
    Keywords: D- and L-alanine and valine ; parity violation of Z0 force ; phase transition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Three kinds of experiments have been designed in attempting to observe theparity violation of electroweak force at the phase transition of singlecrystals of D- and L-alanine and valine.(1) An obvious λ phasetransition at 270 ± 1 K was shown in the specific heat measurement ofalanine and valine enantiomers by differential scanning calorimetry. Thebiologically dominant L-enantiomer was found to have lower energy. (2)Magnetization of single crystals of D- and L-alanine and D-valine weremeasured as a function of temperature using the SQUID magnetometer. Thedifference of the mass susceptibility χρ ∼ T curve between theD-alanine and L-alanine is attributable to the variation of intramoleculargeometry of chirality density, which is related to the parity violationenergy shift of a chiral molecule and is a consequence of the short rangeof the weak interaction between the nuclei and electrons. (3) Laser Ramanspectra of D- and L-alanine at different low temperatures (100 K, 250 K,260 K, 270 K, 280 K and 290 K) showed that the second order Cα–Hdeformation modes at 2606 cm-1, 2724 cm-1 of D-alanine vanishedat 270 K but reappeared at 100 K. In the same method, L-alanine has nosuch phenomenon. An obvious decrease in the scattering intensity of themethyne group Cα–H stretching mode at 2964 cm-1 in D-alanineoccurs at the λ transition temperature. We present our experimentsinvolving the possible relevance of Z0 force with Salam's putativephase transition in the origin of homochirality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005187416704
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exact Determination of the Phase Structure of a Multi-Species Asymmetric Exclusion Process (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 100 (2000), S. 999-1030 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: asymmetric exclusion process ; matrix product ansatz ; phase transition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We consider a multi-species generalization of the Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process on an open chain, in which particles hop with their characteristic hopping rates and fast particles can overtake slow ones. The number of species is arbitrary and the hopping rates can be selected from a discrete or continuous distribution. We determine exactly the phase structure of this model and show how the phase diagram of the 1-species ASEP is modified. Depending on the distribution of hopping rates, the system can exist in a three-phase regime or a two-phase regime. In the three-phase regime the phase structure is almost the same as in the one species case, that is, there are the low density, the high density and the maximal current phases, while in the two-phase regime there is no high-density phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018758907902
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microscopic Theory of Organic Superconductors (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of superconductivity 13 (2000), S. 335-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9605
    Keywords: organic superconductivity ; insulator ; Green's function ; phase transition ; density of states ; coexistence ; spin density wave ; charge density wave
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A microscopic theory of organic superconductors based on the concept of partial electron dielectrization is developed from first principles. Self-consistent equations for the superconducting order parameter (Δ) and insulating order parameter (D) are derived using a Green's function technique and equation of motion method. The theory is applied to explain the experimental results in the two-dimensional organic superconductor k-(BEDT-TTF)2 Cu(NCS)2. The present model explains coexistence of spin density wave (SDW) state and superconductivity state in the system. The behavior of superconducting order parameter (Δ), insulating order parameter (D), specific heat, density of state, free energy, and critical field is also studied for the system k-(BEDT-TTF)2 Cu(NCS)2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007730420388
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Integral Equation Theory for the Widom–Rowlinson Mixture (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 100 (2000), S. 39-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Widom–Rowlinsion ; model ; phase transition ; diagrams ; integral equations ; nonadditive hard sphere
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The Widom–Rowlinson mixture is a two-component fluid in which like species do not interact and unlike species interact via a hard-core repulsion. As the density is increased, this fluid phase separates. Standard integral equation approaches, such as the Percus–Yevick or hypernetted chain, or thermodynamically self-consistent hybirds of these two, make very inaccurate predictions for the location of this critical point in the three-dimensional model. In this article we suggest a family of new approximations for this model that rely on incorporating terms in the density expansion of the direct correlation function into the closure approximation. We show that the simplest of these closures is significantly more accurate than previous theories for the structure and thermodynamics of the fluid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018623224797
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular Fluids at High Dimensionality (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 100 (2000), S. 135-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: anisotropic fluid ; high-dimensional space ; phase transition ; hard particles ; fluid mixture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We extend the analysis of orientational first-order phase transitions in anisotropic molecular fluids at high spatial dimensionality to hard-disk fluids, and then to mixture of hard disks and hard spheres. The effect of hard-sphere admixture depends sensitively on the relative sizes of the two geometrical objects, and large spheres completely quench the disk transition. An introductory study is made of spatially ordered states.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018635527522
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonequilibrium Phase Transition in a Model of Diffusion, Aggregation, and Fragmentation (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 99 (2000), S. 1-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: diffusion ; aggregation ; phase transition ; nonequilibrium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We study the nonequilibrium phase transition in a model of aggregation of masses allowing for diffusion, aggregation on contact, and fragmentation. The model undergoes a dynamical phase transition in all dimensions. The steady-state mass distribution decays exponentially for large mass in one phase. In the other phase, the mass distribution decays as a power law accompanied, in addition, by the formation of an infinite aggregate. The model is solved exactly within a mean-field approximation which keeps track of the distribution of masses. In one dimension, by mapping to an equivalent lattice gas model, exact steady states are obtained in two extreme limits of the parameter space. Critical exponents and the phase diagram are obtained numerically in one dimension. We also study the time-dependent fluctuations in an equivalent interface model in (1+1) dimension and compute the roughness exponent χ and the dynamical exponent z analytically in some limits and numerically otherwise. Two new fixed points of interface fluctuations in (1+1) dimension are identified. We also generalize our model to include arbitrary fragmentation kernels and solve the steady states exactly for some special choices of these kernels via mappings to other solvable models of statistical mechanics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018632005018
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