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  • Articles  (43)
  • ozone
  • phase transition
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  • Articles  (43)
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  • Springer  (43)
  • American Chemical Society
  • American Geophysical Union
  • De Gruyter
  • EDP Sciences
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 11 (1974), S. 159-167 
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Hubbard model ; ferromagnetism ; high-temperature expansion ; phase transition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The first ten terms of the high-temperature expansion of the susceptibility of the single-band Hubbard model in the strong correlation limit are obtained for arbitrary electron density. The series is analyzed by ratio methods and Padé approximants. A critical temperature is found for 0.2 ⩽ρ ⩽ 0.8; forρ 〉 1 further terms in the series are required.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 10 (1974), S. 299-319 
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Bose-Einstein condensation ; phase transition ; helium thin films ; one-dimensional systems ; two-dimensional systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We show that the one- and two-dimensional ideal Bose gases undergo a phase transition if the temperature is lowered at constant pressure. At the pressure-dependent transition temperature Tc (P) and in their thermodynamic limit the specific heat at constant pressure cp and the particle densityn diverge, the entropyS and specific heat at constant volumec v fall off sharply but continuously to zero, and the fraction of particles in the ground state N0/N jumps discontinuously from zero to one. This Bose-Einstein condensation provides a remarkable example of a transition which has most of the properties of a second-order phase transition, except that the order parameter is discontinuous. The nature of the condensed state is described in the large but finiteN regime, and the width of the transition region is estimated. The effects of interactions in real one- and two-dimensional Bose systems and recent experiments on submonolayer helium films are discussed briefly.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 9 (1973), S. 23-44 
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Lattice gas ; phase transition ; Peierls' argument
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Systems of hard hexagons on a triangular lattice are investigated. The orientation of the hexagons is kept fixed, while the size of the hexagons is varied. The existence of a phase transition is proved for all sizes by means of the Peierls'argument. The proof does not imply a phase transition in the continuous limit.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 98 (2000), S. 1049-1061 
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Gibbs measure ; phase transition ; lattice spin system ; discrete symmetry breaking
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Georgii's theorem ensures that, restricted to two-dimensional planes, a single ocean (i.e., infinite connected component) of a ground state and islands (i.e., finite connected components) are observed in lattice spin systems at sufficiently low temperature. This paper extends his results for higher dimensional hyperplanes. Our proof is mainly based on a kind of Peierls argument and is different from Georgii's, which relies on the percolation method.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 10 (1974), S. 471-484 
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Equation of state ; internal virial ; density fluctuations ; mean-square fluctuation ; probability ; probability distribution function ; phase transition ; isotherm ; critical region
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The influence of inhomogeneity of particle density on the equation of state has been considered in the approximation of homogeneous fluctuations. The formula for the relative mean square fluctuation has been derived taking into account intermolecular interaction. It has been shown that the density fluctuations cannot be neglected near the coexistence curve. This curve has been obtained without recourse to the Maxwell construction; unphysical parts of the van der Waals isotherms in fact never appear in the theory. Experimental parameters have not been used.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 4 (1972), S. 15-41 
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Polymer ; hydrogen bond ; phase transition ; zeros of partition function ; lattice model ; binary mixture ; ice-rule ferroelectric
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A class of lattice models for a binary mixture is defined by assuming that one of the components may form bonds to neighboring molecules of the same species. It is assumed that the fugacity of a molecule depends on the number of bonds which connect the molecule to other molecules. If no molecule is allowed to be connected by more than two bonds to other molecules, then no phase transition occurs, while phase transition can occur if more than two bonds are allowed. If only two or no bonds are allowed, then the model can be solved rigorously for certain planar lattices by transforming it to a dimer covering problem; this model shows behavior similar to the Ising model in zero magnetic field.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 9 (1973), S. 317-329 
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Correlation function ; ɛ-expansion ; ordered state ; phase transition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The correlation function and the correlation length are discussed in the theoretical framework of the Wilson-Feynman diagram expansion for small ε=4−d. It is shown explicitly that to order ε2 the scaling relation γ= ν(2−η) is satisfied and that the correlation function is a homogeneous function ofk and ξ. The explicit form of the scaled correlation function is exhibited.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 9 (1973), S. 235-264 
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Polymer model ; chain folding ; phase transition ; grand partition function ; transfer matrix ; integral equation ; eigenvalue spectrum ; fluctuations ; correlations ; end effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A two-dimensional model of polymer chain folding invented by Zwanzig and Lauritzen is here studied using a grand ensemble and transfer matrix method. Due to the character of the model, there are no extensive parameters in the grand ensemble and the dispersion in system size is large, raising doubts about the validity and usefulness of the ensemble. We find it possible to define a thermodynamic limit such that it leads to near equivalence between the canonical and grand ensembles in the limit of large systems. The transfer matrix in this case is a nonlocal operator on a space of L2 functions, and the eigenvalue equation is a homogeneous Fredholm integral equation of the second kind which can be completely solved in terms of Bessel functions. The grand partition function can then be expressed as a sum of powers of the known eigenvalues. It is an easy matter to reproduce the second-order phase transition in the canonical ensemble found in the original work on the model. The investigation is extended to yield the probability densities describing the length of a segment and the correlations among segments. The concept of a local width of the folded chain is found to break down at higher temperatures, while critical correlations are characterized by infinite range, as expected. Apart from physical and methodological implications, the new solution provides striking illustrations of some basic ideas concerning phase transitions.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Keywords: Three-dimensional model ; anthropogenic emissions ; BVOC ; photochemistry ; ozone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract This study concentrated on the effects of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (BVOC) emissions on ozone (O3) in an area of the Eastern Spain on June 12, 1997, a day characterised by sea breeze. Simulation of meteorology was performed with the three-dimensional model ADREA-I. Comparisons of the model results with observations have revealed overall a good agreement in temperature and wind velocity. Two runs were performed with UAM-IV for the photochemical calculations. The first simulated the effects of the anthropogenic emissions only (run A) and the second the combined effects of anthropogenic and biogenic emissions, (run B). Comparisons of the model O3 concentrations with measurements showed a general agreement with the experimental data. Discrepancies between the calculated results and the observations during the early morning hours could be attributed to inaccuracies in nitrogen oxides (NOx) from the anthropogenic emissions inventory. Comparisons between runs A and B yielded differences up to 30% in the morning, over inland areas. It was deduced that the inclusion of BVOC in total emissions could result in an increase or decrease of tropospheric O3, depending on the available amounts of anthropogenic emissions.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 65 (2000), S. 129-137 
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Keywords: ozone ; passive sampler ; air pollutant ; atmosphere
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A new all season passive sampling system for monitoring O3 in the atmosphere has been developed in the laboratory and validated in the field. The unique features for this system include a newly designed passive sampler and a rain shelter, which allow the passive sampler to be installed in the field facing downwards. An equation associated with meteorological parameters is used to calculate the passive sampling rates. This system has been extensively tested in the lab (temperature from –18 to 20°C, relative humidity from 13 to 81%, and wind speed from 0.5 to 150 cm/s) and validated in the field in climates of all seasons. The accuracy of the ozone concentrations in the atmosphere obtained with the use of the new passive sampling system was higher than 85% compared to those obtained with continuous ozone analyzers. The new ozone passive sampling system can be used to measure ambient O3 concentrations ranging from 3 ppb to 1000 ppb based on one-day exposure and 0.1 ppb to 140 ppb for a monthly exposure period. It is also reasonable to conclude that the new passive sampling system can be used for eight-hour exposure study because of the low field blanks and high sampling rates.
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