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  • Articles  (185)
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  • Springer  (185)
  • American Chemical Society
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystal structure and spectroscopy of a most unusual Cu(II) coordination compound containing an infinite chain of lattice ligand interwoven with stacked sheets of neutral bis(2-aminopyrimidine-bridged) copper ions: X-ray structure of [Cu(ampym)2(H2O)2(CF3SO3)2](ampym)2(ampym)2 (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 11-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: aminopyrimidine ; copper ; stacking ; hydrogen bonding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Reaction of Cu(II) triflate with an excess of 2-aminopyrimidine (ampym) in ethanol followed by slow crystallization results in a most unusual crystal lattice, which can be considered as consisting of two interpenetrating sublattices. The compound analyzes as [Cu(ampym)2(H2O)2(CF3SO3)2(ampym)4]. Crystal data: Triclinic, P $$\overline 1$$ , a = 7.6179(5), b = 11.4311(14), c = 11.8373(13) Å, α = 84.098(9), β = 79.998(7), γ = 84.253(8)°, Vol = 1010.151(8) Å, Z = 1, Dcalc = 1.592 g/cm3. One part of the lattice consists of the unprecendented linear chain of neutral ampym molecules; the chain is built up by Watson–Crick type bis-hydrogen bonds between imine N atoms and N-H groups of the NH2. This ampym chain is apparently stabilized by the other part in the crystal lattice, which can best be described by starting from the centrosymmetric trans-CuII(ampym)2(H2O)2 ion (Cu-N = 2.01 Å; Cu-O = 1.94 Å). This Cu ion is coordinated by two monodentate ampym ligands, two water molecules and two semi-coordinating triflate oxygen atoms. The Cu chromophore is held in position by hydrogen bonding towards a triflate ion (two times for symmetry reasons), and (again two times) a free ampym ligand. The triflate ion bridges a water hydrogen to a next-neighboring free ampym ligand. The noncoordinating ampym molecule has four bonding sites, of which two are used in H-bonding with the coordinated ligand, one with the triflate and the last one with the water hydrogen atom. The noncoordination ampym molecules in this sublattice finally form aromatic stacks with coordinated ampym and with itself in pairs (ring-ring distance 3.77-3.80 Å).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009533729785
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrochemical reduction of NO and O2 on Cu/CuO (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 30 (2000), S. 193-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: copper ; copper oxide ; gadolinium-doped cerium oxide ; nitrogen oxide ; oxygen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The electrochemical reduction of NO and O2 on a Cu-point electrode covered with a surface layer of CuO is investigated in an electrochemical cell with a gadolinium doped cerium oxide oxygen ion conducting electrolyte in the temperature interval 300–500 ∘C. It is shown that the reduction of NO on CuO is possible at a lower overvoltage than it is in the case of the reduction of O2. The results indicate that the reduction of NO on CuO is not inhibited in the presence of O2 and that the reduction of NO can be selectively performed on a CuO-electrode.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003882830262
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some aspects of removal of copper and cobalt from mixed ion dilute solutions (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 30 (2000), S. 831-838 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: anodic linear sweep voltammetry ; cobalt ; copper ; electrodeposition ; vitreous carbon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Some aspects of the electrodeposition of copper and cobalt from aqueous sulphate solutions containing low concentrations of their ions were studied with a view to heavy metal removal via an electrochemical process. Both metals were deposited on a vitreous carbon rotating disc electrode. Deposits formed under different conditions were studied employing linear sweep voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy and EDAX surface analysis. Constant potential electrolysis was used to simulate recovery in a laboratory batch reactor. Copper can be deposited without cobalt interference at potentials as cathodic as −1.0 V despite high Co concentrations. At more negative potentials, both metals are deposited simultaneously, although the copper proportion in the binary mixture is greater than that corresponding to the solution concentration ratio. Voltammetry studies effected under conditions in which codeposition occurs show only minor changes in copper behaviour. On the other hand, cobalt behaviour exhibits significant modifications. Even though formation of an intermetallic compound is possible, ASVL and microscopy tests indicate cobalt deposition in different crystalline forms as the more probable cause. In turn, cobalt deposition depends on the polarization conditions of the electrode and on the cobalt and copper concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003910830855
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of the spectator cation on the structure of anionic pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylato complexes of cobalt(II), nickel(II), and copper(II) (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 509-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Cobalt ; nickel ; copper ; anionic complex ; pyridine ; carboxylic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The structures of anionic pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylato (pdc2−) complexes of cobalt, nickel, and copper have been studied. The stoichiometries and structures are very much dependent on whether KOH, Et4NOH, or NaOH is used in the synthesis to deprotonate the H2pdc ligand. Crystallographic results are: (1) K2[Co(pdc)2] · 7H2O, orthorhombic, Pnna, Z = 4, a = 20.637(2)Å, b = 13.480(1)Å, c = 8.200(1)Å (2) K2[Ni(pdc)2] · 7H2O, orthorhombic, Pnna, Z = 4, a = 20.648(1)Å, b = 13.375(1)Å, c = 8.2393(8)Å (3) [Co2(H2O)5(pdc)2] · 2H2O, monoclinic, P21/c, Z = 4, a = 8.3880(6)Å, b = 27.384(2)Å, c = 9.6110(8)Å, β = 98.271(6)° (4) [Ni(Hpdc)2] · 3H2O, monoclinic, P21/c, Z = 4, a = 13.679(1)Å, b = 10.0450(9)Å, c = 13.767(2)Å, β = 115.184(7)° (5) Na6[Co(H2O)6][Co(pdc)2]4 · 28H2O, monoclinic, P21/n, Z = 2, a = 13.363(1)Å, b = 8.437(1)Å, c = 40.689(3)Å, β = 91.288(5)° (6) Na[Ni(Hpdc)(pdc)] · 11.5H2O, monoclinic, C2/m, Z = 4, a = 15.200(2)Å, b = 22.299(2)Å, c = 8.3596(7)Å, β = 118.894(7)° (7) Na[Cu(Hpdc)(pdc)] · 3H2O, monoclinic, P21/n, Z = 4, a = 9.516(4)Å, b = 14.917(6)Å, c = 12.247(5)Å, β = 92.00(5)°. The potassium and sodium complexes have extensive K+—H2O and Na+—H2O networks. The fact the Et4N+ ion does not appear in any of the complexes is likely due to the fact that it is incapable of forming the intricate cation—water and hydrogen-bonding networks observed in all of the other structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011381504797
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Benzotriazole as inhibitor for copper with and without corrosion products in aqueous polyethylene glycol (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 30 (2000), S. 21-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: benzotriazole ; corrosion ; copper ; inhibitor ; polyethylene glycol (PEG)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Electrochemical methods, including polarization experiments and impedance spectroscopy, were used to evaluate the effectiveness of benzotriazole (BTA) in an aqueous solution of polyethylene glycol (PEG) in protecting polished archaeological copper or archaeological copper covered with corrosion products. The adsorption of PEG on the polished copper significantly limited the corrosion current. The presence of benzotriazole enhanced the protection of the polished copper, giving maximum protection at a concentration of 10−2 mol l−1 of BTA in 20 vol% PEG 400 solution. On the other hand, PEG solutions caused degradation of the corrosion products of the copper. This degradation increased with time. When BTA was added, the corrosion products were preserved and, the higher the BTA concentration, the more the corrosion current decreased. In PEG 400 solution protection of the corrosion products of the copper by BTA improved over time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003400516421
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water splitting at ion-exchange membranes and potential differences in soil during electrodialytic soil remediation (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 30 (2000), S. 1199-1207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: copper ; electrochemical soil remediation ; limiting current ; soil pH
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The optimum current for electrodialytic soil remediation occurs when the limiting current of the anion-exchange membrane is exceeded while that for the cation-exchange membrane is not. At this current, an acidic front will pass through the soil from the anion-exchange membrane towards the cathode, and the polluting heavy metals will be mobilized in the acidic environment. At the same time no production of base will occur from the cation-exchange membrane. A basic environment causes precipitation of hydroxides in the soil next to the cation-exchange membrane, and this will give an increase in voltage drop in the system and furthermore hinder the transport of the heavy metals out of the soil. When the acidic front passes through the soil, the voltage drop will decrease, and the end of the remediation can be predicted by the decrease in voltage to a very low level between the working electrodes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026557830268
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A SERS spectroelectrochemical investigation of the interaction of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole with copper, silver and gold surfaces (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 30 (2000), S. 1209-1222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: chemisorption ; copper ; electrodes ; gold ; 2-mercaptobenzothiazole ; Raman spectroscopy ; silver ; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The interaction of the sulfide mineral flotation collector, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, with silver, copper and gold surfaces has been investigated by surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, the copper, silver and gold compounds of this species, and the dithiolate, 2,2′-dithiobis(benzothiazole) were characterised by 13C NMR and Raman spectroscopy to provide a basis for identifying surface species. SERS investigations showed that, at pH 4.6 where the solution species is in the protonated form, and at 9.2, where it is present as the ion, adsorption on each metal occurs over a wide potential range. Attachment of the organic compound occurs through bonding between the exocyclic sulfur atom and metal atoms in the surface. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed that the adsorbed layer was of monolayer thickness. Adsorption of the protonated 2-mercaptobenzothiazole occurs on copper at pH 4.6 at potentials below that at which charge transfer adsorption commences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026561914338
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of benzotriazole on mass transfer in the corrosion of a copper rotating disk electrode (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 30 (2000), S. 379-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: benzotriazole ; copper ; corrosion ; mass-transfer coefficient ; rotating-disk electrode
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of benzotriazole, BTA, on mass transfer in dissolution-corrosion of the copper rotating disk electrode in 0.02 M Fe(III)–0.5 M H2SO4 has been studied by means of atomic absorption spectrometry. The mass transfer coefficient, K, was determined from the slope of ln(C 0/C)Fe(III) vs. time plots. In the absence of BTA the corrosion process can be described by the correlation Sh = KR/D = 4.47Re 0.5. The difference in values between Sh and Sh Levich, and the change in slope in the Arrenhius plot points to mixed control for the cathodic process Fe3+ + 1e− → Fe 2+ and charge transfer control for the anodic process, Cu → Cu2+ + 2e. The average activation energies were 7.7 kJ mol−1 and 19.5 kJ mol−1 at (500–1500) and (2000–3000) rpm, respectively. At low concentration of BTA the inhibiting action of BTA increases with concentration and with rotation speed. For [BTA] ≥ 5 × 10−3 M, the K value, 10−4 cm s−1, remains constant and is independent of rotation rate. The morphology of the copper rotating disk after corrosion in the absence and presence of BTA was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003981509603
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copper corrosion at various pH values with and without the inhibitor (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 30 (2000), S. 617-624 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: adsorbtion isotherm ; benzotriazole ; copper ; corrosion ; finite diffusion impedance ; inhibition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The inhibitory action of BTAH on copper was investigated in 1 M sodium acetate solution in the pH range 4–10, using cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammetry showed that the rearrangement of the surface oxide layer in the presence of BTAH is very fast in slightly alkaline solutions, while it is time- and concentration-dependent in neutral and slightly acidic solutions. The adsorption behaviour of BTAH on the electrode surface at c(BTAH) ≤ 0.5 mM followed a Flory–Huggins adsorption isotherm with ΔG ∘ ranging from −30.0 to −39.0 kJ mol−1, depending on the pH. Impedance spectra were characterized by two time constants relating to the charge transfer and transport of copper ions through the oxide layer, the latter being the rate determining step. These enabled the determination of important properties of the adsorbed layer and the passivated film. The results indicate that the surface layer is of dielectric nature, and its protection increases with increasing inhibitor concentration and solution pH. The finite diffusion impedance was analysed using a diffusion factor B, and the values of the diffusion coefficient and concentration of copper species in the film were estimated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003956102631
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cleaning of copper foil coated with sodium hexanoate as corrosion inhibitor (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 30 (2000), S. 595-600 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: copper ; corrosion inhibitor ; gliding arc plasma ; humid air plasma ; non-thermal plasma ; sodium hexanoate ; surface cleaning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Sodium hexanoate is proposed as corrosion inhibitor for copper when the metal is situated in an aggressive aqueous or gaseous environment. The efficiency of the inhibitor, measured by electrochemical techniques in the ASTM 1384 standard solution, depends on the hexanoate concentration. Copper foils immersed in a (0.1 M) sodium hexanoate conditioning bath, and later exposed to a strongly oxidizing gliding arc plasma in humid air, yield oxide layers, the thickness and the nature of which differ from the unconditioned samples since the voltammograms show no CuO at the surface. The organic salt thus limits the oxidation process induced by the gaseous species. The organic layer remains active for at least 30 min. For longer exposures, the salt begins to degrade to carbon dioxide, which makes the plasma treatment a useful tool to clean metallic surfaces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003964304448
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