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  • Articles  (110)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 10 (1972), S. 23-30 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Microradiography ; Autoradiography ; Preparation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La préparation de coupes fines, plano-parallèles d'os non décalcifié, d'épaisseur connue, pour la réalisation de microradiographies et d'autoradiographies quantitatives est décrite. Pour éviter que des fractures de l'os se produisent, le fragment osseux fixé doit être inclus dans un matériel approprié qui ne doit pas se rétracter. Un minimum de force doit être appliqué à l'échantillon pendant la coupe pour éviter des vibrations. La méthode décrite, utilisant une scie circulaire tournant à faible vitesse, est adéquate. Le polissage final des surfaces du specimen est réalisé sur une machine à polir modifiée. On peut préparer un grand nombre de coupes en relativement peu de temps pour des études statistiques.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die Herstellung von dünnen, parallelgestellten Schnitten von unentkalktem Knochen bekannter Dicke zur quantitativen Auto- und Mikroradiographie wird beschrieben. Der Knochen hat die Tendenz, unter Druck zu brechen. Um diese Schwierigkeit zu überwinden, ist es sehr wichtig, daß die fixierte Knochenprobe genügend vom Einbettungsmaterial durchdrungen wird und daß das Einschlußmittel sich vom Knochenrand weg kontrahiert. Beim Schneiden darf nur ein minimaler Druck auf die Probe ausgeübt werden, damit der Knochen nicht zertrümmert wird. Die beschriebene Methode, bei welcher eine spezielle Einrichtung zum Auftropfen des Schmiermittels den Gebrauch einer langsam rotierenden Kreissäge ermöglichte, erwies sich als günstig. Das schließliche Polieren der Oberflächen der Proben wurde auf einer modifizierten Schleifmaschine ausgeführt. Mit dieser Methode kann eine große Anzahl von Schnitten in relativ kurzer Zeit hergestellt werden; dies ist sehr wichtig, um eine angemessene Anzahl von Proben für statistische Analysen zu erhalten.
    Notes: Abstract The preparation of thin, parallel-sided sections of undecalcified bone of known thickness for quantitative auto- and micro-radiography is described. To overcome the tendency of the bone to fracture when stressed, it is essential that the fixed sample of bone should be adequately penetrated by the embedding material and that the mounting material should not contract away from the edge of the bone. Minimum stress must be applied to the sample when cutting or the bone may be shattered. The method described, using a gravity feed to a low speed circular saw, has been found to be suitable. Final polishing of the surfaces of the specimen was carried out on a modified lapping machine. Large numbers of sections can be prepared in a relatively short time by the method and this is essential to obtain an adequate number of samples for statistical analysis.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 12 (1973), S. 169-173 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Calcification ; Histochemistry ; Autoradiography ; Fetal ; Mandible
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des rats femelles reçoivent du45Ca ou du32P au 13ème et 18ème jour de la grossesse. Les coupes sériées des têtes de foetus sont étudiées par autoradiographie et par diverses méthodes histologiques pour déterminer la calcification. La détection la plus précoce de45Ca s'observe simultanément comme une réaction positive pour le calcium avec une des méthodes histologiques utilisées.32P est en évidence par les méthodes autoradiographiques un peu plus tard que le45Ca et sa présence coincide avec la réaction positive la plus précoce observée avec les autres méthodes histologiques utilisées. Les os de ces têtes foetales commencent à se calcifier selon un mode particulier commençant par la mandibule, puis l'os frontal et le maxillaire supérieur, suivis par les os nasaux, pariétaux et interpariétaux.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Weibliche Ratten erhielten45Ca und32P zwischen dem 13.–18. Tag der Schwangerschaft. Zur Ermittlung der Verkalkung wurden Serienschnitte der Köpfe ihrer Feten mittels Autoradiographie sowie durch verschiedene histologische Methoden untersucht. Das erste Auftreten von45Ca war ebenfalls von einer positiven Calciumreaktion mittels einer der verwendeten histologischen Methoden begleitet.32P wurde in der Autoradiographie erst etwas später als45Ca festgestellt und dessen Nachweis deckte sich mit den ersten positiven Reaktonen aller anderen verwendeten histologischen Methoden. Die Knochen in diesen Fetusköpfen begannen in einer bestimmten Sequenz zu verkalken: zuerst der Unterkiefer, dann das Stirnbein und der Oberkiefer, dann das Nasenbein, die Parietal- und Interparietalknochen.
    Notes: Abstract Female rats were given45Ca or32P from 13 to 18 days of pegnancy. Serial sections from the heads of their fetuses were studied by autoradiography, as well as by several histological methods for assessing calcification. The earliest detection of45calcium occured at the same time as a positive reaction for calcium with one of the histological methods used.32P was not detectable by autoradiographic methods until somewhat later than45Ca, and its presence coincided with the earliest positive reaction with all of the other histological methods employed. The bones in these fetal heads began to calcify in a partcular sequence, the mandible first, then the frontal bone and maxilla, followed by the nasal, parietal and interparietal bones.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 7 (1971), S. 114-132 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Osteoporosis ; Sodium-deficiency ; Histology ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Ce travail étudie les effets d'une carence en sodium sur le squelette chez le Rat en croissance. Il a été effectué sur 3 groupes de Rats: groupe carencé, groupe témoin sous-nutri et groupe témoin normal. L'étude macroradiographique et microradiographique des tibias révèle que la carence en sodium provoque en 8 semaines une diminution de la longueur, un amincissement de l'espace métaphyso-épiphysaire et l'apparition d'une ostéopénie. Cette ostéopénie prédomine sur la métaphyse par rapport à la diaphyse. Au niveau de celle-ci, le rapport cortico-diaphysaire est diminué. Ce changement est essentiellement dû à l'amincissement de l'os cortical par sa face périphérique. Le marquage par la tétracycline confirme cette atteinte prédominante de l'apposition périostée. L'étude histologique et l'étude autoradiographique suggèrent que cette ostéopénie résulte d'un important ralentissement de l'ostéogénèse et de l'activité globale du tissu osseux. L'analyse chimique révèle des changements minimes de la composition des fémurs. La teneur en cendres est légèrement abaissée. La rapport Ca/P est légèrement augmenté. Les rapports Ca/N et P/N sont diminués. Le rapport Na/Ca est augmenté. Les mécanismes possibles de cette atteinte squelettique sont envisagés: sous-nutrition, effet acidifiant du régime, trouble de l'absorption intestinale du calcium, retentissement surrénal et conséquences cellulaires de la carence en sodium. En conclusion, dans le déterminisme de l'atteinte osseuse semblent devoir être retenus: a) l'inanition dûe à l'anorexie provoquée par le régime désodé, b) und effet squelettique propre de la carence en sodium, le trouble de l'absorption intestinale du calcium ne paraissant pas jouer un rôle déclenchant.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung In dieser Arbeit wurde der Einfluß eines Natriummangels auf das Skelet der noch wachsenden Ratte beobachtet. Die Studie betrifft drei Gruppen von Ratten: eine mit Natriummangel, eine normal ernährte und eine unterernährte Kontrollgruppe. Die makro- und mikroradiographische Untersuchung der Tibiae nach 8wöchigem Natriummangel zeigt eine Verkürzung, eine Verringerung des metaphyso-epiphysären Intervalls und eine Osteopenie, die in der Metaphyse merkbarer als in der Diaphyse ist. Das corticodiaphysische Verhältnis ist herabgesetzt, und zwar verjüngt sich der Knochencortex peripherisch. Mit markiertem Tetracyclin wird bewiesen, daß vorwiegend die periphere Knochenbildung betroffen ist. Die histologische und autoradiographische Untersuchung erlaubt die Annahme, daß diese Osteopenie auf stark verlangsamte Knochenbildung und gesamte metabolische Tätigkeit des Knochengewebes zurückzuführen ist. Die chemische Analyse weist unerhebliche Änderungen der Zusammensetzung der Femora auf. Der Aschengehalt ist leicht vermindert. In den Epiphysen ist Ca/P leicht erhöht. Ca/N und P/N sind herabgesetzt. Na/Ca ist wenig verändert. Die möglichen Mechanismen dieser Skeletveränderungen werden erörtert: Unterernährung, diätbedingte Säurebildung, Störung der intestinalen Calciumabsorption, Nebennieren-beeinflussung und Zellstoffwechselveränderungen durch Natriummangel. Zusammenfassend scheint hauptsächlich die Unterernährung eine Rolle zu spielen. Dazu kommen die direkten Folgen des Natriummangels auf den intestinalen Zucker- und Aminosäurentransport.
    Notes: Abstract The effects of sodium deficiency on the skeleton were studied in growing rats assigned to 3 groups: sodium deficient group, pair-fed controls, normal controls. Macroradiographic and microradiographic examinations and measurements of the tibia demonstrated that sodium deficiency after 8 weeks resulted in shorter bones, thinner cartilage and osteopenia. This osteopenia was greater in metaphysis than in diaphysis. However the cortico-diaphyseal ratio decreased, resulting from cortical bone thinning by the periosteal side. Histologic and autoradiographic examinations suggested that this osteopenia resulted from a marked slowing down of osteogenesis and total bone turnover. The mineral composition of the femur was little changed. The ash rate, Ca/N and P/N ratios decreased slightly. The Ca/P ratio increased slightly. The Na/Ca ratio increased also. The following possible mechanisms of skeletal damage were considered: undernutrition, acidifying effect of diet, fall of calcium intestinal absorption, adrenal and cellular changes resulting from the sodium deficiency. In conclusion, the bone lesions appear to be caused by undernutrition and in addition by a skeletal effect specifically due to sodium deficiency.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Autoradiography ; barley ; cytokinins ; Dreschslera maydis ; green islands ; HPLC ; maize ; Pyrenophora teres
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Infection of Hordeum vulgare L. by Pyrenophora teresand of Zea mays by Dreschslera maydis were characterized by ‘green island’ formation, higher cytokinin levels and accumulation of metabolites in the infected areas. Higher cytokinin concentrations of the order 6-Y,Y-dimethylallylaminopurine 〉 zeatinriboside 〉 zeatin 〉dihydrozeatinriboside were detected at infection sites of susceptible hosts. By virtue of these cytokinins, infection sites may be acting as metabolic sinks helping proliferation of the pathogen. Existence of translocatory sinks at infection zones was confirmed from autoradiographic studies,where, accumulation of labeled metabolites was prominent at infection sites of susceptible hosts. Upon infection the lower cytokinin levels of resistant hosts decreased further with progress of infection. In the infected resistant hosts the concentrations of zeatin/zeatinriboside were the maximum among the four identified cytokinins. The pathogen is also capable of secreting cytokinins as evident from quantification of cytokinins in culture filtrate extracts using HPLC. Since detached leaves were used in the experiments the increase/decrease of various cytokinin levels may be attributed to pathogen influence. The increase in cytokinin levels in the susceptible host may be aiding the growth of the pathogen on one hand, while the decrease in the infected resistant host may signal the host to activate defenses against a potential pathogen at the early stage of infection.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 11 (1974), S. 159-167 
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Hubbard model ; ferromagnetism ; high-temperature expansion ; phase transition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The first ten terms of the high-temperature expansion of the susceptibility of the single-band Hubbard model in the strong correlation limit are obtained for arbitrary electron density. The series is analyzed by ratio methods and Padé approximants. A critical temperature is found for 0.2 ⩽ρ ⩽ 0.8; forρ 〉 1 further terms in the series are required.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 10 (1974), S. 299-319 
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Bose-Einstein condensation ; phase transition ; helium thin films ; one-dimensional systems ; two-dimensional systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We show that the one- and two-dimensional ideal Bose gases undergo a phase transition if the temperature is lowered at constant pressure. At the pressure-dependent transition temperature Tc (P) and in their thermodynamic limit the specific heat at constant pressure cp and the particle densityn diverge, the entropyS and specific heat at constant volumec v fall off sharply but continuously to zero, and the fraction of particles in the ground state N0/N jumps discontinuously from zero to one. This Bose-Einstein condensation provides a remarkable example of a transition which has most of the properties of a second-order phase transition, except that the order parameter is discontinuous. The nature of the condensed state is described in the large but finiteN regime, and the width of the transition region is estimated. The effects of interactions in real one- and two-dimensional Bose systems and recent experiments on submonolayer helium films are discussed briefly.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 9 (1973), S. 23-44 
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Lattice gas ; phase transition ; Peierls' argument
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Systems of hard hexagons on a triangular lattice are investigated. The orientation of the hexagons is kept fixed, while the size of the hexagons is varied. The existence of a phase transition is proved for all sizes by means of the Peierls'argument. The proof does not imply a phase transition in the continuous limit.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 98 (2000), S. 1049-1061 
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Gibbs measure ; phase transition ; lattice spin system ; discrete symmetry breaking
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Georgii's theorem ensures that, restricted to two-dimensional planes, a single ocean (i.e., infinite connected component) of a ground state and islands (i.e., finite connected components) are observed in lattice spin systems at sufficiently low temperature. This paper extends his results for higher dimensional hyperplanes. Our proof is mainly based on a kind of Peierls argument and is different from Georgii's, which relies on the percolation method.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
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    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 10 (1974), S. 471-484 
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Equation of state ; internal virial ; density fluctuations ; mean-square fluctuation ; probability ; probability distribution function ; phase transition ; isotherm ; critical region
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The influence of inhomogeneity of particle density on the equation of state has been considered in the approximation of homogeneous fluctuations. The formula for the relative mean square fluctuation has been derived taking into account intermolecular interaction. It has been shown that the density fluctuations cannot be neglected near the coexistence curve. This curve has been obtained without recourse to the Maxwell construction; unphysical parts of the van der Waals isotherms in fact never appear in the theory. Experimental parameters have not been used.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 4 (1972), S. 15-41 
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Polymer ; hydrogen bond ; phase transition ; zeros of partition function ; lattice model ; binary mixture ; ice-rule ferroelectric
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A class of lattice models for a binary mixture is defined by assuming that one of the components may form bonds to neighboring molecules of the same species. It is assumed that the fugacity of a molecule depends on the number of bonds which connect the molecule to other molecules. If no molecule is allowed to be connected by more than two bonds to other molecules, then no phase transition occurs, while phase transition can occur if more than two bonds are allowed. If only two or no bonds are allowed, then the model can be solved rigorously for certain planar lattices by transforming it to a dimer covering problem; this model shows behavior similar to the Ising model in zero magnetic field.
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